Amazon AWS Certified Advanced Networking - Specialty Questions and Answers
A company is migrating an application to the AWS Cloud. The company has successfully provisioned and tested connectivity between AWS Direct Connect and the company's on-premises data center. The application runs on Amazon EC2 instances across multiple Availability Zones. The instances are in an Auto Scaling group.
The application communicates through HTTPS to a third-party vendor's data service that is hosted at the company’s data center. The data service implements a static ACL through explicit allow listing of client IP addresses.
A network engineer must design a network solution so that the migrated application can continue to access the vendor’s data service as the application scales.
Which solution will meet these requirements with the LEAST amount of ongoing change to the vendor's allow list?
A company is deploying a new application in the AWS Cloud. The company wants a highly available web server that will sit behind an Elastic Load Balancer. The load balancer will route requests to multiple target groups based on the URL in the request. All traffic must use HTTPS. TLS processing must be offloaded to the load balancer. The web server must know the user’s IP address so that the company can keep accurate logs for security purposes.
Which solution will meet these requirements?
A US-based company is expanding its business to Europe. A network engineer needs to extend the company's network infrastructure by setting up a new hub and spoke architecture in the eu-west-1 Region. The network engineer uses a transit gateway peering connection to connect the new resources in eu-west-1 to an existing environment in the us-east-1 Region.
The hub and spoke architecture in each AWS Region includes an inspection VPC that uses AWS Network Firewall to centralize traffic inspection for each Region. To reduce costs, the network engineer decides to inspect inter-Region traffic by using the inspection VPC in the Region that originates the traffic. The network engineer configures the transit gateway route tables accordingly for each Region.
When the network engineer tests the new architecture, communication within each Region works as expected. However, the network engineer finds that inter-Region communication is not working. The network engineer must resolve the inter-Region communication issue.
Which solution will meet this requirement?
A company has an AWS environment that includes multiple VPCs that are connected by a transit gateway. The company wants to use a certificate-based AWS Site-to-Site VPN connection to establish connectivity between an on-premises environment and the AWS environment. The company does not have a static public IP address for the on-premises environment.
Which combination of steps should the company take to establish VPN connectivity between the transit gateway and the on-premises environment? (Choose two.)
A company has an order processing system that needs to keep credit card numbers encrypted. The company's customer-facing application runs as an Amazon Elastic Container Service (Amazon ECS) service behind an Application Load Balancer (ALB) in the us-west-2 Region. An Amazon CloudFront distribution is configured with the ALB as the origin. The company uses a third-party trusted certificate authority to provision its certificates.
The company is using HTTPS for encryption in transit. The company needs additional field-level encryption to keep sensitive data encrypted during processing so that only certain application components can decrypt the sensitive data.
Which combination of steps will meet these requirements? (Choose two.)
A company is planning to migrate to AWS and use multiple VPCs in multiple AWS Regions. A network engineer must connect the eu-west-1 and eu-central-1 Regions to the company headquarters and branch office, respectively.
The network engineer created a production VPC, named Prod A, with a CIDR block of 10.0.0.0/16. Prod A runs in an account in eu-west-1. The network engineer then created another production VPC, named Prod B, with a CIDR block of 10.1.0.0/16. Prod В runs in a different account in eu-central-1.
The network engineer performed the following steps to try to achieve the required connectivity:
1. Created one transit gateway in each Region
2. Shared and accepted the transit gateways with the production accounts in both Regions
3. Configured the peering attachment between both transit gateways
4. Attached both VPCs to the respective Region transit gateway
5. Created both transit gateway route tables and associated the attachments with the route tables
6. Configured a static route in both transit gateway route tables to send traffic to the remote VPC in the other Region
7. Activated route propagation on the VPC route tables in each Region
After the configuration, the network engineer tried to connect from Prod A to Prod B. However, the connection was unsuccessful.
What should the network engineer do to achieve the required connectivity?
A company has an AWS account with four VPCs in the us-east-1 Region. The VPCs consist of a development VPC and three production VPCs that host various workloads.
The company has extended its on-premises data center to AWS with AWS Direct Connect by using a Direct Connect gateway. The company now wants to establish connectivity to its production VPCs and development VPC from on premises. The production VPCs are allowed to route data to each other. However, the development VPC must be isolated from the production VPCs. No data can flow between the development VPC and the production VPCs.
In preparation to implement this solution, a network engineer creates a transit gateway with a single transit gateway route table. Default route table association and default route table propagation are turned off. The network engineer attaches the production VPCs. the development VPC. and the Direct Connect gateway to the transit gateway. For each VPC route table, the network engineer adds a route to 0.0.0.0/0 with the transit gateway as the next destination.
Which combination of steps should the network engineer take next to complete this solution? (Select THREE.)
A company has deployed an AWS Network Firewall firewall into a VPC. A network engineer needs to implement a solution to deliver Network Firewall flow logs to the company’s Amazon OpenSearch Service (Amazon Elasticsearch Service) cluster in the shortest possible time.
Which solution will meet these requirements?
Your company runs an application for the US market in the us-east-1 AWS region. This application uses proprietary TCP and UDP protocols on Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) instances. End users run a real-time, front-end application on their local PCs. This front-end application knows the DNS hostname of the service.
You must prepare the system for global expansion. The end users must access the application with lowest latency.
How should you use AWS services to meet these requirements?
A company is running a hybrid cloud environment. The company has multiple AWS accounts as part of an organization in AWS Organizations. The company needs a solution to manage a list of IPv4 on-premises hosts that will be allowed to access resources in AWS. The solution must provide version control for the list of IPv4 addresses and must make the list available to the AWS accounts in the organization.
Which solution will meet these requirements?
A company is building a new workload on AWS that uses an Application Load Balancer (ALB) The company has configured a new ALB target group that uses slow start mode. A team begins registering Amazon EC2 Instances as targets in the new target group. During testing, the team observes that the targets did not enter slow start mode.
What caused the targets to not enter slow start mode?
A company has an application that runs on a fleet of Amazon EC2 instances. A new company regulation mandates that all network traffic to and from the EC2 instances must be sent to a centralized third-party EC2 appliance for content inspection.
Which solution will meet these requirements?
A company has a transit gateway in a single AWS account. The company sends flow logs for the transit gateway to an Amazon CloudWatch Logs log group.
The company created an AWS Lambda function to analyze the logs. The Lambda function sends a notification to an Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS) topic when a VPC generates traffic that is dropped by the transit gateway. Each notification contains the account ID. VPC ID, and total amount of dropped packets.
The company wants to subscribe a new Lambda function to the SNS topic. The new Lambda function must automatically prevent the traffic that is identified in each notification from leaving a VPC by applying a network ACL to the transit gateway attachment subnets in the VPC that generates the traffic.
Which solution will meet these requirements?
A company has started using AWS Cloud WAN with one edge location in the us-east-1 Region. The company has a production segment and a security segment in AWS Cloud WAN. The company also has a default core network policy.
The company has created a production VPC for the production workload. The company has created an outbound inspection VPC to inspect internet-bound traffic from the production VPC. The company has attached the production VPC to the production segment and has attached the outbound inspection VPC to the security segment. The company has also created an AWS Network Firewall firewall in the outbound inspection VPC to inspect internet-based traffic.
The company has updated a route table for the production VPC to send all internet-bound traffic to the AWS Cloud WAN core network. The company has updated a route table for the outbound inspection VPC to ensure that Network Firewall inspects any outgoing traffic and incoming traffic.
During testing, an Amazon EC2 instance in the production VPC cannot reach the internet. The company checks the Network Firewall rules and confirms that the rules are not blocking the traffic.
Which combination of steps will meet these requirements? (Choose two.)
An organization launched an IPv6-only web portal to support IPv6-native mobile clients. Front-end instances launch in an Amazon VPC associated with an appropriate IPv6 CIDR. The VPC IPv4 CIDR is fully utilized. A single subnet exists in each of two Availability Zones with appropriately configured IPv6 CIDR associations. Auto Scaling is properly configured, and no Elastic Load Balancing is used.
Customers say the service is unavailable during peak load times. The network engineer attempts to launch an instance manually and receives the following message: “There are not enough free addresses in subnet ‘subnet-12345677’ to satisfy the requested number of instances.”
What action will resolve the availability problem?
A company has VPCs in the us-east-1 Region that are connected to each other through a transit gateway. A network engineer needs to establish an AWS Direct Connect connection between the company's on-premises data center and the transit gateway for the migration of a workload.
The Direct Connect connection is UP according to the ConnectionState metric in Amazon CloudWatch. However, the VIF is DOWN. The network engineer has verified the transit VIF and BGP configurations on the on-premises router and has found no issues. However, the network engineer is unable to ping the Amazon peer IP address.
Which combination of steps should the network engineer take to troubleshoot this issue? (Choose three.)
A company's application is deployed on Amazon EC2 instances in a single VPC in an AWS Region. The EC2 instances are running in two Availability Zones. The company decides to use a fleet of traffic inspection instances from AWS Marketplace to inspect traffic between the VPC and the internet. The company is performing tests before the company deploys the architecture into production.
The fleet is located in a shared inspection VPC behind a Gateway Load Balancer (GWLB). To minimize the cost of the solution, the company deployed only one inspection instance in each Availability Zone that the application uses.
During tests, a network engineer notices that traffic inspection works as expected when the network is stable. However, during maintenance of the inspection instances, the internet sessions time out for some application instances. The application instances are not able to establish new sessions.
Which combination of steps will remediate these issues? (Choose two.)
A company has hundreds of VPCs on AWS. All the VPCs access the public endpoints of Amazon S3 and AWS Systems Manager through NAT gateways. All the traffic from the VPCs to Amazon S3 and Systems Manager travels through the NAT gateways. The company's network engineer must centralize access to these services and must eliminate the need to use public endpoints.
Which solution will meet these requirements with the LEAST operational overhead?
A company is building an internet-facing application that is hosted on an Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service (Amazon EKS) cluster. The company is using the Amazon VPC Container Network Interface (CNI) plugin for Kubernetes for pod networking connectivity. The company needs to expose its application to the internet by using a Network Load Balancer (NLB). The pods that host the application must have visibility of the source IP address that is contained in the original packet that the NLB receives.
How should the network engineer configure the NLB and Amazon EKS settings to achieve these goals?
A company uses the us-east-1 Region and the ap-south-1 Region for its business units (BUs). The BUs are named BU-1 and BU-2. For each BU. there are two VPCs in us-east-1 and one VPC in ap-south-1.
Because of workload isolation requirements, resources can communicate within the same BU but cannot communicate with resources in the other BU. The company plans to add more BUs and plans to expand into more Regions.
Which solution will meet these requirements with the MOST operational efficiency?
A company’s data center is connected to a single AWS Region by an AWS Direct Connect dedicated connection. The company has a single VPC in the Region. The company stores logs for all its applications locally in the data center.
The company must keep all application logs for 7 years. The company decides to copy all application logs to an Amazon S3 bucket.
Which solution will meet these requirements?
A financial company that is located in the us-east-1 Region needs to establish secure connectivity to AWS. The company has two on-premises data centers, each located within the same Region. The company's network team needs to establish hybrid connectivity to its AWS environment with reliable and consistent connectivity.
The connection must provide access to the company's private resources inside its AWS environment. The resources are located in the us-east-1 and us-west-2 Regions. The connection must allow resources from the corporate networks to send large amounts of data to Amazon S3 over the same connection. To meet compliance requirements, the connection must be highly available and must provide encryption for all packets that are sent between the on-premises location and any services on AWS.
Which combination of steps should the network team take to meet these requirements? (Choose two.)
A company has deployed a multi-VPC environment in the AWS Cloud. The company uses a transit gateway to connect all the VPCs together. In the past, the company has experienced a loss of connectivity between applications after changes to security groups, network ACLs. and route tables in a VPC. When these changes occur, the company wants to automatically verify that connectivity still exists between different resources in a single VPC.
Which solution will meet these requirements?
An IoT company sells hardware sensor modules that periodically send out temperature, humidity, pressure, and location data through the MQTT messaging protocol. The hardware sensor modules send this data to the company's on-premises MQTT brokers that run on Linux servers behind a load balancer. The hardware sensor modules have been hardcoded with public IP addresses to reach the brokers.
The company is growing and is acquiring customers across the world. The existing solution can no longer scale and is introducing additional latency because of the company's global presence. As a result, the company decides to migrate its entire infrastructure from on premises to the AWS Cloud. The company needs to migrate without reconfiguring the hardware sensor modules that are already deployed across the world. The solution also must minimize latency.
The company migrates the MQTT brokers to run on Amazon EC2 instances.
What should the company do next to meet these requirements?
A company has a VPC in the AWS Cloud. The company recently acquired a competitor that also has a VPC in the AWS Cloud. A network engineer discovers an IP address overlap between the two VPCs. Both VPCs require access to an AWS Marketplace partner service.
Which solution will ensure interoperability among the VPC hosted services and the AWS Marketplace partner service?
Two companies are merging. The companies have a large AWS presence with multiple VPCs and are designing connectivity between their AWS networks. Both companies are using AWS Direct Connect with a Direct Connect gateway. Each company also has a transit gateway and multiple AWS Site-to-Site VPN connections from its transit gateway to on-premises resources. The new solution must optimize network visibility, throughput, logging, and monitoring.
Which solution will meet these requirements?
A company has two AWS accounts one for Production and one for Connectivity. A network engineer needs to connect the Production account VPC to a transit gateway in the Connectivity account. The feature to auto accept shared attachments is not enabled on the transit gateway.
Which set of steps should the network engineer follow in each AWS account to meet these requirements?
An IoT company collects data from thousands of sensors that are deployed in the Unites States and South Asia. The sensors use a proprietary communication protocol that is built on UDP to send the data to a fleet of Amazon EC2 instances. The instances are in an Auto Scaling group and run behind a Network Load Balancer (NLB). The instances, Auto Scaling group, and NLB are deployed in the us-west-2 Region.
Occasionally, the data from the sensors in South Asia gets lost in transit over the internet and does not reach the EC2 instances.
Which solutions will resolve this issue? (Choose two.)
A company has configured an AWS Cloud WAN core network with edge locations in the us-east-1 Region and the us-west-1 Region. Each edge location has two segments: development and staging. The segments use the default core network policy.
The company has attached VPCs to the core network. A development VPC is attached to the development segment in us-east-1 and is configured to use the 10.0.0.0/16 CIDR block. A staging VPC is attached to the staging segment in us-west-1 and is configured to use the 10.5.0.0/16 CIDR block. The company has updated the route tables for both VPCs with a route that directs any traffic for 0.0.0.0/0 to the core network.
The company’s network team needs to establish communication between the two VPCs by using the AWS Cloud WAN core network. The network team is not receiving a response during tests of communication between the VPCs. The network team has verified that security groups and network ACLs are not blocking the traffic.
What should the network team do to establish this communication?
A company has a hybrid IT setup that includes services that run in an on-premises data center and in the AWS Cloud. The company is using AWS Direct Connect to connect its data center to AWS. The company is using one AWS Site-to-Site VPN connection as backup and requires a backup connectivity option to always be present. The company is transitioning to IPv6 by implementing dual-stack architectures.
Which combination of steps will transition the data center's connectivity to AWS in the LEAST amount of time? (Select TWO.)
A network engineer needs to update a company's hybrid network to support IPv6 for the upcoming release of a new application. The application is hosted in a VPC in the AWS Cloud. The company's current AWS infrastructure includes VPCs that are connected by a transit gateway. The transit gateway is connected to the on-premises network by AWS Direct Connect and AWS Site-to-Site VPN. The company's on-premises devices have been updated to support the new IPv6 requirements.
The company has enabled IPv6 for the existing VPC by assigning a new IPv6 CIDR block to the VPC and by assigning IPv6 to the subnets for dual-stack support. The company has launched new Amazon EC2 instances for the new application in the updated subnets.
When updating the hybrid network to support IPv6 the network engineer must avoid making any changes to the current infrastructure. The network engineer also must block direct access to the instances' new IPv6 addresses from the internet. However, the network engineer must allow outbound internet access from the instances.
What is the MOST operationally efficient solution that meets these requirements?
A company runs an application across multiple AWS Regions and multiple Availability Zones. The company needs to expand to a new AWS Region. Low latency is critical to the functionality of the application.
A network engineer needs to gather metrics for the latency between the existing. Regions and the new Region. The network engineer must gather metrics for at least the previous 30 days.
Which solution will meet these requirements?
A company hosts an application on Amazon EC2 instances behind an Application Load Balancer (ALB). The company recently experienced a network security breach. A network engineer must collect and analyze logs that include the client IP address, target IP address, target port, and user agent of each user that accesses the application.
What is the MOST operationally efficient solution that meets these requirements?
A company has business operations in the United States and in Europe. The company's public applications are running on AWS and use three transit gateways. The transit gateways are located in the us-west-2. us-east-1. and eu-central-1 Regions. All the transit gateways are connected to each other in a full mesh configuration.
The company accidentally removes the route to the eu-central-1 VPCs from the us-west-2 transit gateway route table. The company also accidentally removes the route to the us-west-2 VPCs from the eu-central-1 transit gateway route table.
How can a network engineer identify the misconfiguration with the LEAST operational overhead?
A company has expanded its network to the AWS Cloud by using a hybrid architecture with multiple AWS accounts. The company has set up a shared AWS account for the connection to its on-premises data centers and the company offices. The workloads consist of private web-based services for internal use. These services run in different AWS accounts. Office-based employees consume these services by using a DNS name in an on-premises DNS zone that is named example.internal.
The process to register a new service that runs on AWS requires a manual and complicated change request to the internal DNS. The process involves many teams.
The company wants to update the DNS registration process by giving the service creators access that will allow them to register their DNS records. A network engineer must design a solution that will achieve this goal. The solution must maximize cost-effectiveness and must require the least possible number of configuration changes.
Which combination of steps should the network engineer take to meet these requirements? (Choose three.)
A retail company is migrating its on-premises application to the AWS Cloud. Currently, the company has two on-premises data center locations. One data center is on the east coast of the United States, and one data center is on the west coast.
Each data center hosts four database systems. The largest database system stores 500 GB of data. The data centers are interconnected by two 10 GbE circuits for data synchronization. Each data center has two separate 1 GbE upstream internet connections. The company plans to have eight total VPCs to service its multiple business units. Four VPCs will be in the us-east-1 Region, and four will be in the us-west-2 Region.
A network engineer needs to design a connectivity solution that allows VPC-to-VPC connectivity. The solution must also allow secure connections between the on-premises data centers and AWS during the migration process. The company expects spikes in traffic among the VPCs during database synchronization. The company wants to run themigration plan during one weekend and as soon as technically possible. The company also wants to minimize long-term operational and human resources costs.
Which combination of steps will meet these requirements? {Select TWO.)
A company is running an online game on AWS. The game is played globally and is gaining popularity. Users are reporting problems with the game's responsiveness. Replay rates are dropping, and the company is losing subscribers. Game servers are located in the us-west-2 Region and use an Elastic Load Balancer to distribute client traffic.
The company has decided to deploy game servers to 11 additional AWS Regions to reduce the round-trip times of network traffic to game clients. A network engineer must design a DNS solution that uses Amazon Route 53 to ensure that user traffic is delivered to game servers with an optimal response time.
What should the network engineer do to meet these requirements?
A company has deployed Amazon EC2 instances in private subnets in a VPC. The EC2 instances must initiate any requests that leave the VPC, including requests to the company's on-premises data center over an AWS Direct Connect connection. No resources outside the VPC can be allowed toopen communications directly to the EC2 instances.
The on-premises data center's customer gateway is configured with a stateful firewall device that filters for incoming and outgoing requests to and from multiple VPCs. In addition, the company wants to use a single IP match rule to allow all the communications from the EC2 instances to its data center from a single IP address.
Which solution will meet these requirements with the LEAST amount of operational overhead?
A company has an AWS Site-to-Site VPN connection between AWS and its branch office. A network engineer is troubleshooting connectivity issues that the connection is experiencing. The VPN connection terminates at a transit gateway and is statically routed. In the transit gateway route table, there are several static route entries that target specific subnets at the branch office.
The network engineer determines that the root cause of the issues was the expansion of underlying subnet ranges in the branch office during routine maintenance.
Which solution will solve this problem with the LEAST administrative overhead for future expansion efforts?
A network engineer is evaluating a network setup for a global retail company. The company has an AWS Direct Connect connection between its on-premises data center and the AWS Cloud. The company has AWS resources in the eu-west-2 Region. These resources consist of multiple VPCs that are attached to a transit gateway.
The company recently provisioned a few AWS resources in the eu-central-1. Region in a single VPC close to its users in this area. The network engineer must connect the resources in eu-central-1 with the on-premises data center and the resources in eu-west-2. The solution must minimize changes to the Direct Connect connection.
What should the network engineer do to meet these requirements?
A company’s network engineer is designing a hybrid DNS solution for an AWS Cloud workload. Individual teams want to manage their own DNS hostnames for their applications in their development environment. The solution must integrate the application-specific hostnames with the centrally managed DNS hostnames from the on-premises network and must provide bidirectional name resolution. The solution also must minimize management overhead.
Which combination of steps should the network engineer take to meet these requirements? (Choose three.)
A government contractor is designing a multi-account environment with multiple VPCs for a customer. A network security policy requires all traffic between any two VPCs to be transparently inspected by a third-party appliance.
The customer wants a solution that features AWS Transit Gateway. The setup must be highly available across multiple Availability Zones, and the solution needs to support automated failover. Furthermore, asymmetric routing is not supported by the inspection appliances.
Which combination of steps is part of a solution that meets these requirements? (Choose two.)
A company is hosting an application on Amazon EC2 instances behind a Network Load Balancer (NLB). A solutions architect added EC2 instances in a second Availability Zone to improve the availability of the application. The solutions architect added the instances to the NLB target group.
The company's operations team notices that traffic is being routed only to the instances in the first Availability Zone.
What is the MOST operationally efficient solution to resolve this issue?
A company has its production VPC (VPC-A) in the eu-west-1 Region in Account 1. VPC-A is attached to a transit gateway (TGW-A) that is connected to an on-premises data center in Dublin, Ireland, by an AWS Direct Connect transit VIF that is configured for an AWS Direct Connect gateway. The company also has a staging VPC (VPC-B) that is attached to another transit gateway (TGW-B) in the eu-west-2 Region in Account 2.
A network engineer must implement connectivity between VPC-B and the on-premises data center in Dublin.
Which solutions will meet these requirements? (Choose two.)
A bank built a new version of its banking application in AWS using containers that content to an on-premises database over VPN connection. This application version requires users to also update their client application. The bank plans to deprecate the earlier client version. However, the company wants to keep supporting earlier clients through their on-premises version of the application to serve a small portion of the customers who haven’t yet upgraded.
What design will allow the company to serve both newer and earlier clients in the MOST efficient way?
An ecommerce company is hosting a web application on Amazon EC2 instances to handle continuously changing customer demand. The EC2 instances are part of an Auto Scaling group. The company wants to implement a solution to distribute traffic from customers to the EC2 instances. The company must encrypt all traffic at all stages between the customers and the application servers. No decryption at intermediate points is allowed.
Which solution will meet these requirements?
A company needs to manage Amazon EC2 instances through command line interfaces for Linux hosts and Windows hosts. The EC2 instances are deployed in an environment in which there is
no route to the internet. The company must implement role-based access control for management of the instances. The company has a standalone on-premises environment.
Which approach will meet these requirements with the LEAST maintenance overhead?
A company deployed an application in two AWS Regions in one AWS account. The company has one VPC in each Region. The VPCs use non-overlapping private CIDR ranges.
The company needs to connect both VPCs to a single on-premises data center to test theapplication. The application requires up to 800 Mbps of throughput. A network engineer needs to establish connectivity between the VPCs and the on-premises data center.
Which solution will meet this requirement with the LEAST operational overhead?
A company uses a 4 Gbps AWS Direct Connect dedicated connection with a link aggregation group (LAG) bundle to connect to five VPCs that are deployed in the us-east-1 Region. Each VPC servesa different business unit and uses its own private VIF for connectivity to the on-premises environment. Users are reporting slowness when they access resources that are hosted on AWS.
A network engineer finds that there are sudden increases in throughput and that the Direct Connect connection becomes saturated at the same time for about an hour each business day. The company wants to know which business unit is causing the sudden increase in throughput. The network engineer must find out this information and implement a solution to resolve the problem.
Which solution will meet these requirements?
A company is moving its record-keeping application to the AWS Cloud. All traffic between the company's on-premises data center and AWS must be encrypted at all times and at every transit device during the migration.
The application will reside across multiple Availability Zones in a single AWS Region. The application will use existing 10 Gbps AWS Direct Connect dedicated connections with a MACsec capable port. A network engineer must ensure that the Direct Connect connection is secured accordingly at every transit device.
The network engineer creates a Connection Key Name and Connectivity Association Key (CKN/CAK) pair for the MACsec secret key.
Which combination of additional steps should the network engineer take to meet the requirements? (Choose two.)
A company has deployed an application in which the front end of the application communicates with the backend instances through a Network Load Balancer (NLB) in the same VPC. The application is highly available across two Availability Zones. The company wants to limit the amount of traffic that travels across the Availability Zones. Traffic from the front end of the application must stay in the same Availability Zone unless there is no healthy target in that Availability Zone behind the NLB. If there is no healthy target in the same Availability Zone, traffic must be sent to the other Availability Zone.
Which solution will meet these requirements?
A company recently implemented a security policy that prohibits developers from launching VPC network infrastructure. The policy states that any time a NAT gateway is launched in a VPC, the company's network security team must immediately receive an alert to terminate the NAT gateway. The network security team needs to implement a solution that can be deployed across AWS accounts with the least possible administrative overhead. The solution also must provide the network security team with a simple way to view compliance history.
Which solution will meet these requirements?
A company uses a hybrid architecture and has an AWS Direct Connect connection between its on-premises data center and AWS. The company has production applications that run in the on-premises data center. The company also has production applications that run in a VPC. The applications that run in the on-premises data center need to communicate with the applications that run in the VPC. The company is using corp.example.com as the domain name for the on-premises resources and is using an Amazon Route 53 private hosted zone for aws.example.com to host the VPC resources.
The company is using an open-source recursive DNS resolver in a VPC subnet and is using a DNS resolver in the on-premises data center. The company's on-premises DNS resolver has a forwarder that directs requests for the aws.example.com domain name to the DNS resolver in the VPC. The DNS resolver in the VPC has a forwarder that directs requests for the corp.example.com domain name to the DNS resolver in the on-premises data center. The company has deckled to replace the open-source recursive DNS resolver with Amazon Route 53 Resolver endpoints.
Which combination of steps should a network engineer take to make this replacement? (Choose three.)
A company's network engineer must implement a cloud-based networking environment for a network operations team to centrally manage. Other teams will use the environment. Each team must be able to deploy infrastructure to the environment and must be able to manage its own resources. The environment must feature IPv4 and IPv6 support and must provide internet connectivity in a dual-stack configuration.
The company has an organization in AWS Organizations that contains a workload account for the teams. The network engineer creates a new networking account in the organization.
Which combination of steps should the network engineer take next to meet the requirements? (Select THREE.)
A company wants to analyze TCP traffic to the internet. The traffic originates from Amazon EC2 instances in the company's VPC. The EC2 instances initiate connections through a NAT gateway. The required information includes source and destination IP addresses, ports, and the first 8 bytes of payload of TCP segments. The company needs to collect, store, and analyze all the required data points.
Which solution will meet these requirements?
A company uses Amazon Route 53 for its DNS needs. The company's security team wants to update the DNS infrastructure to provide the most recent security posture.
The security team has configured DNS Security Extensions (DNSSEC) for the domain. The security team wants a network engineer to explain who is responsible for the
rotation of DNSSEC keys.
Which explanation should the network administrator provide to the security team?
A company needs to transfer data between its VPC and its on-premises data center. The data must travel through a connection that has dedicated bandwidth. The data also must be encrypted in transit. The company has been working with an AWS Partner Network(APN) Partner to establish the connection.
Which combination of steps will meet these requirements? (Choose three.)
A customer has set up multiple VPCs for Dev, Test, Prod, and Management. You need to set up AWS Direct Connect to enable data flow from on-premises to each VPC. The customer has monitoring software running in the Management VPC that collects metrics from the instances in all the other VPCs. Due to budget requirements, data transfer charges should be kept at minimum.
Which design should be recommended?
A company is deploying a new stateless web application on AWS. The web application will run on Amazon EC2 instances in private subnets behind an Application Load Balancer. The EC2 instances are in an Auto Scaling group. The web application has a stateful management application for administration that will run on EC2 instances that are in a separate Auto Scaling group.
The company wants to access the management application by using the same URL as the web application, with a path prefix of /management. The protocol, hostname, and port number must be the same for the web application and the management application. Access to the management application must be restricted to the company's on-premises IP address space. An SSL/TLS certificate from AWS Certificate Manager (ACM) will protect the web application.
Which combination of steps should a network engineer take to meet these requirements? (Select TWO.)
A company has an AWS environment that includes multiple VPCs that are connected by a transit gateway. The company has decided to use AWS Site-to-Site VPN to establish connectivity between its on-premises network and its AWS environment.
The company does not have a static public IP address for its on-premises network. A network engineer must implement a solution to initiate the VPN connection on the AWSside of the connection for traffic from the AWS environment to the on-premises network.
Which combination of steps should the network engineer take to establish VPN connectivity between the transit gateway and the on-premises network? (Choose three.)
A data analytics company has a 100-node high performance computing (HPC) cluster. The HPC cluster is for parallel data processing and is hosted in a VPC in the AWS Cloud. As part of the data processing workflow, the HPC cluster needs to perform several DNS queries to resolve and connect to Amazon RDS databases, Amazon S3 buckets, and on-premises data stores that are accessible through AWS Direct Connect. The HPC cluster can increase in size by five to seven times during the company’s peak event at the end of the year.
The company is using two Amazon EC2 instances as primary DNS servers for the VPC. The EC2 instances are configured to forward queries to the default VPC resolver for Amazon Route 53 hosted domains and to the on-premises DNS servers for other on-premises hosted domain names. The company notices job failures and finds that DNS queries from the HPC cluster nodes failed when the nodes tried to resolve RDS and S3 bucket endpoints.
Which architectural change should a network engineer implement to provide the DNS service in the MOST scalable way?
An organization is using a VPC endpoint for Amazon S3. When the security group rules for a set of instances were initially configured, access was restricted to allow traffic only to the IP addresses of the Amazon S3 API endpoints in the region from the published JSON file. The application was working properly, but now is logging a growing number of timeouts when connecting with Amazon S3. No internet gateway is configured for the VPC.
Which solution will fix the connectivity failures with the LEAST amount of effort?
A company runs workloads in multiple VPCs in the us-east-1 Region. The VPCs are connected to a transit gateway. An AWS Direct Connect connection provides private connectivity between a data center that is in the US and the transit gateway. A Direct Connect gateway is associated with the transit gateway.
The company has recently opened a new office location in London. The company plans to launch cloud services in multiple VPCs in the eu-west-2 Region. Users in the new London office must have private access to the workloads that run in us-east-1. Users in the US data center must have access to any workloads that are created in eu-west-2. A network engineer must implement a flexible solution that provides users the required access. The solution must be able to accommodate future growth.
Which solution will meet these requirements with the LEAST operational effort?
A company has an on-premises data center in the United States. The data center is connected to AWS by an AWS Direct Connect connection. The data center has a private VIF that is connected to a Direct Connect gateway.
Recently, the company opened a new data center in Europe and established a new Direct Connect connection between the Europe data center and AWS. A new private VIF connects to the existing Direct Connect gateway.
The company wants to use Direct Connect SiteLink to set up a private network between the data center in the United States and the data center in Europe.
Which solution will meet these requirements in the MOST operationally efficient manner?
A company is migrating an existing application to a new AWS account. The company will deploy the application in a single AWS Region by using one VPC and multiple Availability Zones. The application will run on Amazon EC2 instances. Each Availability Zone will have several EC2 instances. The EC2 instances will be deployed in private subnets.
The company's clients will connect to the application by using a web browser with the HTTPS protocol. Inbound connections must be distributed across the Availability Zones and EC2 instances. All connections from the same client session must be connected to the same EC2 instance. The company must provide end-to-end encryption for all connections between the clients and the application by using the application SSL certificate.
Which solution will meet these requirements?
A company hosts a web application that runs on a fleet of Amazon EC2 instances behind an Application Load Balancer (ALB). The instances are in an Auto Scaling group. The company uses an Amazon CloudFront distribution with the ALB as an origin.
The application recently experienced an attack. In response, the company associated an AWS WAF web ACL with the CloudFront distribution. The company needs to use Amazon Athena to analyze application attacks that AWS WAF detects.
Which solution will meet this requirement?
A company deploys an internal website behind an Application Load Balancer (ALB) in a VPC. The VPC has a CIDR block of 172.31.0.0/16. The company creates a private hosted zone for the domain example.com for the website in Amazon Route 53. The company establishes an AWS Site-to-Site VPN connection between its office network and the VPC.
A network engineer needs to set up a DNS solution so that employees can visit the internal webpage by accessing a private domain URL from the office network.
Which combination of steps will meet this requirement? (Choose two.)
A company is using AWS Cloud WAN with one edge location in the us-east-1 Region and one edge location in the us-west-1 Region. A shared services segment exists at both edge locations. Each shared services segment has a VPC attachment to each inspection VPC in each Region. The inspection VPCs inspect traffic from a WAN by using AWS Network Firewall.
The company creates a new segment for a new business unit (BU) in the us-east-1 edge location. The new BU has three VPCs that are attached to the new BU segment. To comply with regulations, the BU VPCs must not communicate with each other. All internet-bound traffic must be inspected in the inspection VPC.
The company updates VPC route tables so any traffic that is bound for internet goes to the AWS Cloud WAN core network.
The company plans to add more VPCs for the new BU in the future. All future VPCs must comply with regulations.
Which solution will meet these requirements in the MOST operationally efficient way? (Choose two.)
A real estate company is using Amazon Workspaces to provide corporate managed desktop service to its real estate agents around the world. These Workspaces are deployed in seven VPCs. Each VPC is in a different AWS Region.
According to a new requirement, the company’s cloud-hosted security information and events management (SIEM) system needs to analyze DNS queries generated by the Workspaces to identify the target domains that are connected to the Workspaces. The SIEM system supports poll and push methods for data and log collection.
Which solution should a network engineer implement to meet these requirements MOST cost-effectively?
A company manages resources across VPCs in multiple AWS Regions. The company needs to connect to the resources by using its internal domain name. A network engineer needs to apply the aws.example.com DNS suffix to all resources.
What must the network engineer do to meet this requirement?
A company is deploying a non-web application on an AWS load balancer. All targets are servers located on-premises that can be accessed by using AWS Direct Connect. The company wants to ensure that the source IP addresses of clients connecting to the application are passed all the way to the end server.
How can this requirement be achieved?
A company uses a 1 Gbps AWS Direct Connect connection to connect its AWS environment to its on-premises data center. The connection provides employees with access to an application VPC that is hosted on AWS. Many remote employees use a company-provided VPN to connect to the data center. These employees are reporting slowness when they access the application during business hours. On-premises users have started to report similar slowness while they are in the office.
The company plans to build an additional application on AWS. On-site and remote employees will use the additional application. After the deployment of this additional application, the company will need 20% more bandwidth than the company currently uses. With the increased usage, the company wants to add resiliency to the AWS connectivity. A network engineer must review the current implementation and must make improvements within a limited budget.
What should the network engineer do to meet these requirements MOST cost-effectively?
A company is running multiple workloads on Amazon EC2 instances in public subnets. In a recent incident, an attacker exploited an application vulnerability on one of the EC2 instances to gain access to the instance. The company fixed the application and launched a replacement EC2 instance that contains the updated application.
The attacker used the compromised application to spread malware over the internet. The company became aware of the compromise through a notification from AWS. The company needs the ability to identify when an application that is deployed on an EC2 instance is spreading malware.
Which solution will meet this requirement with the LEAST operational effort?
A global delivery company is modernizing its fleet management system. The company has several business units. Each business unit designs and maintains applications that are hosted in its own AWS account in separate application VPCs in the same AWS Region. Each business unit's applications are designed to get data from a central shared services VPC.
The company wants the network connectivity architecture to provide granular security controls. The architecture also must be able to scale as more business units consume data from the central shared services VPC in the future.
Which solution will meet these requirements in the MOST secure manner?
A company wants to analyze TCP internet traffic. The traffic originates from Amazon EC2 instances in the company’s VPC. The EC2 instances initiate connections through a NAT gateway.
The company wants to capture data about the traffic including source and destination IP addresses ports, and the first 8 bytes of the TCP segments of the traffic. The company needs to collect, store, and analyze all the required data points.
Which solution will meet these requirements?
A company recently migrated its Amazon EC2 instances to VPC private subnets to satisfy a security compliance requirement. The EC2 instances now use a NAT gateway for internet access. After the migration, some long-running database queries from private EC2 instances to a publicly accessible third-party database no longer receive responses. The database query logs reveal that the queries successfully completed after 7 minutes but that the client EC2 instances never received the response.
Which configuration change should a network engineer implement to resolve this issue?
A company has stateful security appliances that are deployed to multiple Availability Zones in a centralized shared services VPC. The AWS environment includes a transit gateway that is attached to application VPCs and the shared services VPC. The application VPCs have workloads that are deployed in private subnets across multiple Availability Zones. The stateful appliances in the shared services VPC inspect all east-west (VPC-to-VPC) traffic.
Users report that inter-VPC traffic to different Availability Zones is dropping. A network engineer verified this claim by issuing Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) pings between workloads in different Availability Zones across the application VPCs. The network engineer has ruled out security groups, stateful device configurations, and network ACLs as the cause of the dropped traffic.
What is causing the traffic to drop?
A company delivers applications over the internet. An Amazon Route 53 public hosted zone is the authoritative DNS service for the company and its internet applications, all of which are offered from the same domain name.
A network engineer is working on a new version of one of the applications. All the application's components are hosted in the AWS Cloud. The application has a three-tier design. The front end is delivered through Amazon EC2 instances that are deployed in public subnets with Elastic IP addresses assigned. The backend components are deployed in private subnets from RFC1918.
Components of the application need to be able to access other components of the application within the application's VPC by using the same host names as the host names that are used over the public internet. The network engineer also needs to accommodate future DNS changes, such as the introduction of new host names or the retirement of DNS entries.
Which combination of steps will meet these requirements? (Choose three.)
A company hosts a highly available, scalable, and resilient application on Amazon EC2 instances that are part of an Auto Scaling group. A network engineer is planning to integrate IPv6 support with the application deployment in phases. The first phase is to enable IPv6 service consumption on the public Network Load Balancers (NLBs) that are deployed across the infrastructure. The target groups for the NLBS are configured as the Auto Scaling groups of the EC2 instances that host the application. The NLBs are configured for dual-stack operation.
During the testing of the first phase, the IPv6 application queries are not reaching the backend servers.
What is the cause of this issue?
A company is deploying a new application on AWS. The application uses dynamic multicasting. The company has five VPCs that are all attached to a transit gateway Amazon EC2 instances in each VPC need to be able to register dynamically to receive a multicast transmission.
How should a network engineer configure the AWS resources to meet these requirements?
A company is planning to migrate an internal application to the AWS Cloud. The application will run on Amazon EC2 instances in one VPC. Users will access the application from the
company's on-premises data center through AWS VPN or AWS Direct Connect. Users will use private domain names for the application endpoint from a domain name that is reserved
explicitly for use in the AWS Cloud.
Each EC2 instance must have automatic failover to another EC2 instance in the same AWS account and the same VPC. A network engineer must design a DNS solution that will not expose
the application to the internet.
Which solution will meet these requirements?
A company's network engineer is configuring an AWS Site-to-Site VPN connection between a transit gateway and the company's on-premises network. The Site-to-Site VPN connection is configured to use BGP over two tunnels in active/active mode with equal-cost multi-path (ECMP) routing activated on the transit gateway.
When the network engineer attempts to send traffic from the on-premises network to an Amazon EC2 instance, traffic is sent over the first tunnel. However, return traffic is received over the second tunnel and is dropped at the customer gateway. The network engineer must resolve this issue without reducing the overall VPN bandwidth.
Which solution will meet these requirements?
A company has set up hybrid connectivity between its VPCs and its on-premises data center. The company has the on-premises.example.com subdomain configured at its DNS server in the on-premises data center. The company is using the aws.example.com subdomain for workloads that run on AWS across different VPCs and accounts. Resources in both environments can access each other by using IP addresses. The company wants workloads in the VPCs to be able to access resources on premises by using the on-premises.example.com DNS names.
Which solution will meet these requirements with MINIMUM management of resources?
A company has an application that runs on premises. The application needs to communicate with an application that runs in a VPC on AWS. The communication between the applications must be encrypted and must use private IP addresses. The communication cannot travel across the public internet.
The company has established a 1 Gbps AWS Direct Connect connection between the on-premises location and AWS.
Which solution will meet the connectivity requirements with the LEAST operational overhead?
A financial company offers investment forecasts and recommendations to authorized users through the internet. All the services are hosted in the AWS Cloud. A new compliance requirement states that all the internet service traffic from any host must be logged and retained for 2 years. In its development AWS accounts, the company has designed, tested, and verified a solution that uses Amazon VPC Traffic Mirroring with a Network Load Balancer (NLB) as the traffic mirror target. While the solution runs in one AWS account, the solution mirrors the traffic to another AWS account.
A network engineer notices that not all traffic is mirrored when the solution is deployed into the production environment. The network engineer also notices that this behavior is random.
Which statements are possible explanations for why not all the traffic is mirrored? (Select TWO.)
A company is migrating its internet VPN connections to dedicated AWS Direct Connect connections. The company needs to set up the Direct Connect connections so that all network communications are encrypted in transit.
Which combination of steps will meet this requirement? (Choose three.)
A company operates in multiple AWS Regions. The company has deployed transit gateways in each Region. The company uses AWS Organizations to operate multiple AWS accounts in one organization.
The company needs to capture all VPC flow log data when a new VPC is created. The company needs to send flow logs to a specific Amazon S3 bucket.
Which solution will meet these requirements with the LEAST administrative effort?
