Amazon Web Services Real Dumps Practice Exam Questions by Dumpswarp

AWS Certified DevOps Engineer - Professional Questions and Answers

Question 1

A company is launching an application. The application must use only approved AWS services. The account that runs the application was created less than 1 year ago and is assigned to an AWS Organizations OU.

The company needs to create a new Organizations account structure. The account structure must have an appropriate SCP that supports the use of only services that are currently active in the AWS account.

The company will use AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM) Access Analyzer in the solution.

Which solution will meet these requirements?

Options:

Create an SCP that allows the services that IAM Access Analyzer identifies. Create an OU for the account. Move the account into the new OU. Attach the new SCP to the new OU. Detach the default FullAWSAccess SCP from the new OU.

Create an SCP that denies the services that IAM Access Analyzer identifies. Create an OU for the account. Move the account into the new OIJ. Attach the new SCP to the new OU.

Create an SCP that allows the services that IAM Access Analyzer identifies. Attach the new SCP to the organization ' s root.

Create an SCP that allows the services that IAM Access Analyzer identifies. Create an OU for the account. Move the account into the new OU. Attach the new SCP to the management account. Detach the default FullAWSAccess SCP from the new OU.

Answer:

Explanation:

To meet the requirements of creating a new Organizations account structure with an appropriate SCP that supports the use of only services that are currently active in the AWS account, the company should use the following solution:

Create an SCP that allows the services that IAM Access Analyzer identifies. IAM Access Analyzer is a service that helps identify potential resource-access risks by analyzing resource-based policies in the AWS environment. IAM Access Analyzer can also generate IAM policies based on access activity in the AWS CloudTrail logs. By using IAM Access Analyzer, the company can create an SCP that grants only the permissions that are required for the application to run, and denies all other services. This way, the company can enforce the use of only approved AWS services and reduce the risk of unauthorized access12

Create an OU for the account. Move the account into the new OU. An OU is a container for accounts within an organization that enables you to group accounts that have similar business or security requirements. By creating an OU for the account, the company can apply policies and manage settings for the account as a group. The company should move the account into the new OU to make it subject to the policies attached to the OU3

Attach the new SCP to the new OU. Detach the default FullAWSAccess SCP from the new OU. An SCP is a type of policy that specifies the maximum permissions for an organization or organizational unit (OU). By attaching the new SCP to the new OU, the company can restrict the services that are available to all accounts in that OU, including the account that runs the application. The company should also detach the default FullAWSAccess SCP from the new OU, because this policy allows all actions on all AWS services and might override or conflict with the new SCP45

The other options are not correct because they do not meet the requirements or follow best practices. Creating an SCP that denies the services that IAM Access Analyzer identifies is not a good option because it might not cover all possible services that are not approved or required for the application. A deny policy is also more difficult to maintain and update than an allow policy. Creating an SCP that allows the services that IAM Access Analyzer identifies and attaching it to the organization’s root is not a good option because it might affect other accounts and OUs in the organization that have different service requirements or approvals. Creating an SCP that allows the services that IAM Access Analyzer identifies and attaching it to the management account is not a valid option because SCPs cannot be attached directly to accounts, only to OUs or roots.

1: Using AWS Identity and Access Management Access Analyzer - AWS Identity and Access Management

2: Generate a policy based on access activity - AWS Identity and Access Management

3: Organizing your accounts into OUs - AWS Organizations

4: Service control policies - AWS Organizations

5: How SCPs work - AWS Organizations

Question 2

A company requires all its employees to access secrets and parameters through AWS Systems Manager Parameter Store. All secrets must automatically rotate every 60 days.

A DevOps engineer must add a new secret to give an application access to an Amazon ElastiCache (Redis OSS) cluster.

Which solution will meet these requirements with the LEAST operational overhead?

Options:

Create the secret in AWS Secrets Manager. Enable rotation. Set the rotation frequency to 60 days. Configure the application to reference the secret value by using the fully qualified path in Parameter Store.

Create the secret in Parameter Store. Enable automatic rotation. Set the rotation frequency to 60 days. Configure the application to reference the secret value by using the fully qualified path in Parameter Store.

Create the secret in Parameter Store. Create an AWS Lambda function to rotate the secret. Configure an Amazon EventBridge event to invoke the Lambda function every 60 days. Configure the application to provide the unique secret name to Parameter Store to retrieve the secret.

Create the secret in AWS Secrets Manager. Enable rotation by AWS Lambda function. Use the Secrets Manager provided template for ElastiCache (Redis OSS) secrets. Set the rotation schedule to 60 days. Set a rotation window duration in Secrets Manager. Configure the application to provide the full reserved path to Parameter Store when the application accesses the secret.

Question 3

A company is developing a web application ' s infrastructure using AWS CloudFormation The database engineering team maintains the database resources in a Cloud Formation template, and the software development team maintains the web application resources in a separate CloudFormation template. As the scope of the application grows, the software development team needs to use resources maintained by the database engineering team However, both teams have their own review and lifecycle management processes that they want to keep. Both teams also require resource-level change-set reviews. The software development team would like to deploy changes to this template using their Cl/CD pipeline.

Which solution will meet these requirements?

Options:

Create a stack export from the database CloudFormation template and import those references into the web application CloudFormation template

Create a CloudFormation nested stack to make cross-stack resource references and parameters available in both stacks.

Create a CloudFormation stack set to make cross-stack resource references and parameters available in both stacks.

Create input parameters in the web application CloudFormation template and pass resource names and IDs from the database stack.

Question 4

A DevOps engineer is working on a member account in an organization in AWS Organizations with all features enabled . The account has sensitive data stored in Amazon S3 buckets.

The DevOps engineer must ensure that all public access to S3 buckets in the account is blocked . If the account-level S3 Block Public Access settings change in the future, the changes must be reverted automatically so that all public access is blocked again.

Which solution meets these requirements?

Options:

Enable AWS Security Hub in the account. Enable the Security Hub control to evaluate the account-level Block Public Access settings. Enable automated remediation for the Security Hub control.

Set up AWS Config in the account. Create an AWS Config managed rule that evaluates the account-level Block Public Access settings. Enable automatic remediation for the rule by using a predefined AWS Systems Manager runbook to configure S3 Block Public Access settings.

In the organization’s management account, create an SCP that denies S3 actions from outside the AWS account. Attach the SCP to the member account.

Enable Amazon Macie in the account. Create an Amazon EventBridge rule with an event pattern that matches Macie policy findings. Configure the rule with an EventBridge target to run a predefined AWS Systems Manager runbook to configure S3 Block Public Access settings.

Answer:

Explanation:

Option B is the only choice that directly satisfies both requirements:

Continuously evaluate the account-level S3 Block Public Access setting

AWS Config is designed to record configuration state and evaluate resources/settings against rules over time.

A Config rule (managed rule) can check whether the account-level “S3 Block Public Access” settings are configured as required (i.e., blocking public access).

Automatically revert drift (auto-remediate) if someone changes the setting later

AWS Config Remediation can automatically trigger an AWS Systems Manager Automation runbook when the rule becomes NON_COMPLIANT .

Using an SSM Automation document/runbook that sets S3 account-level Block Public Access back to the required “blocked” configuration ensures that any future change is corrected automatically , restoring compliance without manual intervention.

Why the other options don’t fully meet the requirement:

A (Security Hub) : Security Hub primarily aggregates findings and checks controls. While it can integrate with automation, AWS Config is the standard service for configuration drift detection + automatic remediation loops for account-level posture settings. Security Hub is not the most direct “detect config drift and auto-fix” mechanism for an account setting in the way Config remediation is.

C (SCP) : An SCP can restrict API actions, but it doesn’t “revert” a changed S3 Block Public Access configuration ; it only prevents/limits what actions can be called. Also, “deny S3 actions from outside the account” is not the same as enforcing Block Public Access settings at the account level.

D (Macie + EventBridge) : Macie focuses on data discovery and sensitive data findings , not enforcing or continuously remediating S3 account-level Block Public Access configuration drift. Triggering remediation off Macie findings is indirect and not aligned to “setting changed → immediately revert.”

Question 5

A company is developing a web application that runs on Amazon EC2 Linux instances. The application requires monitoring of custom performance metrics. The company must collect metrics for API response times and database query latency across multiple instances. Which solution will generate the custom metrics with the LEAST operational overhead?

Options:

Install the Amazon CloudWatch agent on the instances. Configure the agent to collect the custom metrics. Instrument the application to send the metrics to the agent.

Use Amazon Managed Service for Prometheus to scrape the custom metrics from the application. Use the Amazon CloudWatch agent to forward the metrics to CloudWatch.

Create a custom AWS Lambda function that polls the application endpoints and database at regular intervals. Program the Lambda function to calculate the custom metrics and to send the metrics to Amazon CloudWatch by using PutMetricData API calls.

Implement custom logging in the application code to record the custom metrics. Use Amazon CloudWatch Logs Insights to extract and analyze the metrics.

Question 6

A company uses a pipeline in AWS CodePipeline to upload AWS CloudFormation templates to an Amazon S3 bucket. The pipeline uses the templates to deploy CloudFormation stacks that match the names of the templates.

The company has experienced issues when it tries to revert templates to a previous version. To prevent these issues, the company must have the ability to review template modifications before the modifications are deployed to production.

Which solution will meet these requirements with the LEAST operational overhead ?

Options:

Configure a connection in AWS CodeConnections to a Git repository. Store the templates in the Git repository. Configure a pull request workflow to review template modifications. Configure AWS CloudFormation Git sync for the stacks.

Add a manual review action in the pipeline to review modifications to the template code before the stack deployments.

Update the pipeline to invoke an AWS Lambda function to check the template modifications before the stack deployments.

Configure a connection in AWS CodeConnections to a Git repository. Store the templates in the Git repository. Configure the pipeline to include a source action that uses the connection. Add a manual review action to the pipeline to review template modifications before the stack deployments.

Question 7

A company operates sensitive workloads across the AWS accounts that are in the company ' s organization in AWS Organizations The company uses an IP address range to delegate IP addresses for Amazon VPC CIDR blocks and all non-cloud hardware.

The company needs a solution that prevents principals that are outside the company ' s IP address range from performing AWS actions In the organization ' s accounts

Which solution will meet these requirements?

Options:

Configure AWS Firewall Manager for the organization. Create an AWS Network Firewall policy that allows only source traffic from the company ' s IP address range Set the policy scope to all accounts in the organization.

In Organizations, create an SCP that denies source IP addresses that are outside of the company s IP address range. Attach the SCP to the organization ' s root

Configure Amazon GuardDuty for the organization. Create a GuardDuty trusted IP address list for the company ' s IP range Activate the trusted IP list for the organization.

In Organizations, create an SCP that allows source IP addresses that are inside of the company s IP address range. Attach the SCP to the organization ' s root.

Question 8

A DevOps engineer needs to back up sensitive Amazon S3 objects that are stored within an S3 bucket with a private bucket policy using S3 cross-Region replication functionality. The objects need to be copied to a target bucket in a different AWS Region and account.

Which combination of actions should be performed to enable this replication? (Choose three.)

Options:

Create a replication IAM role in the source account

Create a replication I AM role in the target account.

Add statements to the source bucket policy allowing the replication IAM role to replicate objects.

Add statements to the target bucket policy allowing the replication IAM role to replicate objects.

Create a replication rule in the source bucket to enable the replication.

Create a replication rule in the target bucket to enable the replication.

Question 9

A company runs a fleet of Amazon EC2 instances in a VPC. The company ' s employees remotely access the EC2 instances by using the Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP). The company wants to collect metrics about how many RDP sessions the employees initiate every day. Which combination of steps will meet this requirement? (Select THREE.)

Options:

Create an Amazon EventBridge rule that reacts to EC2 Instance State-change Notification events.

Create an Amazon CloudWatch Logs log group. Specify the log group as a target for the EventBridge rule.

Create a flow log in VPC Flow Logs.

Create an Amazon CloudWatch Logs log group. Specify the log group as a destination for the flow log.

Create a log group metric filter.

Create a log group subscription filter. Use EventBridge as the destination.

Question 10

The security team depends on AWS CloudTrail to detect sensitive security issues in the company ' s AWS account. The DevOps engineer needs a solution to auto-remediate CloudTrail being turned off in an AWS account.

What solution ensures the LEAST amount of downtime for the CloudTrail log deliveries?

Options:

Create an Amazon EventBridge rule for the CloudTrail StopLogging event. Create an AWS Lambda (unction that uses the AWS SDK to call StartLogging on the ARN of the resource in which StopLogging was called. Add the Lambda function ARN as a target to the EventBridge rule.

Deploy the AWS-managed CloudTrail-enabled AWS Config rule set with a periodic interval to 1 hour. Create an Amazon EventBridge rule tor AWS Config rules compliance change. Create an AWS Lambda function that uses the AWS SDK to call StartLogging on the ARN of the resource in which StopLoggmg was called. Add the Lambda function ARN as a target to the EventBridge rule.

Create an Amazon EventBridge rule for a scheduled event every 5 minutes. Create an AWS Lambda function that uses the AWS SDK to call StartLogging on a CloudTrail trail in the AWS account. Add the Lambda function ARN as a target to the EventBridge rule.

Launch a t2 nano instance with a script running every 5 minutes that uses the AWS SDK to query CloudTrail in the current account. If the CloudTrail trail is disabled have the script re-enable the trail.

Question 11

A company is launching an application that stores raw data in an Amazon S3 bucket. Three applications need to access the data to generate reports. The data must be redacted differently for each application before

the applications can access the data.

Which solution will meet these requirements?

Options:

Create an S3 bucket for each application. Configure S3 Same-Region Replication (SRR) from the raw data ' s S3 bucket to each application ' s S3 bucket. Configure each application to consume data from its own S3 bucket.

Create an Amazon Kinesis data stream. Create an AWS Lambda function that is invoked by object creation events in the raw data ' s S3 bucket. Program the Lambda function to redact data for each application. Publish the data on the Kinesis data stream. Configure each application to consume data from the Kinesis data stream.

For each application, create an S3 access point that uses the raw data ' s S3 bucket as the destination. Create an AWS Lambda function that is invoked by object creation events in the raw data ' s S3 bucket. Program the Lambda function to redact data for each application. Store the data in each application ' s S3 access point. Configure each application to consume data from its own S3 access point.

Create an S3 access point that uses the raw data ' s S3 bucket as the destination. For each application, create an S3 Object Lambda access point that uses the S3 access point. Configure the AWS Lambda function for each S3 Object Lambda access point to redact data when objects are retrieved. Configure each application to consume data from its own S3 Object Lambda access point.

Question 12

A company ' s development team uses AVMS Cloud Formation to deploy its application resources The team must use for an changes to the environment The team cannot use AWS Management Console or the AWS CLI to make manual changes directly.

The team uses a developer IAM role to access the environment The role is configured with the Admnistratoraccess managed policy. The company has created a new Cloudformationdeployment IAM role that has the following policy.

The company wants ensure that only CloudFormation can use the new role. The development team cannot make any manual changes to the deployed resources.

Which combination of steps meet these requirements? (Select THREE.)

Options:

Remove the AdministratorAccess policy. Assign the ReadOnIyAccess managed IAM policy to the developer role. Instruct the developers to use the CloudFormationDeployment role as a CloudFormation service role when the developers deploy new stacks.

Update the trust of CloudFormationDeployment role to allow the developer IAM role to assume the CloudFormationDepoyment role.

Configure the IAM to be to get and pass the CloudFormationDeployment role ifcloudformation actions for resources,

Update the trust Of the CloudFormationDepoyment role to anow the cloudformation.amazonaws.com AWS principal to perform the iam:AssumeR01e action

Remove me Administratoraccess policy. Assign the ReadOnly/Access managed IAM policy to the developer role Instruct the developers to assume the CloudFormatondeployment role when the developers new stacks

Add an IAM policy to CloudFormationDeplyment to allow cloudformation * on an Add a policy that allows the iam.PassR01e action for ARN of if iam PassedT0Service equal cloudformation.amazonaws.com

Answer:

A, D, F

Explanation:

Option A is correct because removing the AdministratorAccess policy and assigning the ReadOnlyAccess managed IAM policy to the developer role is a valid way to prevent the developers from making any manual changes to the deployed resources. The AdministratorAccess policy grants full access to all AWS resources and actions, which is not necessary for the developers. The ReadOnlyAccess policy grants read-only access to most AWS resources and actions, which is sufficient for the developers to view the status of their stacks. Instructing the developers to use the CloudFormationDeployment role as a CloudFormation service role when they deploy new stacks is also a valid way to ensure that only CloudFormation can use the new role. A CloudFormation service role is an IAM role that allows CloudFormation to make calls to resources in a stack on behalf of the user1. The user can specify a service role when they create or update a stack, and CloudFormation will use that role’s credentials for all operations that are performed on that stack1.

Option B is incorrect because updating the trust of CloudFormationDeployment role to allow the developer IAM role to assume the CloudFormationDeployment role is not a valid solution. This would allow the developers to manually assume the CloudFormationDeployment role and perform actions on the deployed resources, which is not what the company wants. The trust of CloudFormationDeployment role should only allow the cloudformation.amazonaws.com AWS principal to assume the role, as in option D.

Option C is incorrect because configuring the IAM user to be able to get and pass the CloudFormationDeployment role if cloudformation actions for resources is not a valid solution. This would allow the developers to manually pass the CloudFormationDeployment role to other services or resources, which is not what the company wants. The IAM user should only be able to pass the CloudFormationDeployment role as a service role when they create or update a stack with CloudFormation, as in option A.

Option D is correct because updating the trust of CloudFormationDeployment role to allow the cloudformation.amazonaws.com AWS principal to perform the iam:AssumeRole action is a valid solution. This allows CloudFormation to assume the CloudFormationDeployment role and access resources in other services on behalf of the user2. The trust policy of an IAM role defines which entities can assume the role2. By specifying cloudformation.amazonaws.com as the principal, you grant permission only to CloudFormation to assume this role.

Option E is incorrect because instructing the developers to assume the CloudFormationDeployment role when they deploy new stacks is not a valid solution. This would allow the developers to manually assume the CloudFormationDeployment role and perform actions on the deployed resources, which is not what the company wants. The developers should only use the CloudFormationDeployment role as a service role when they deploy new stacks with CloudFormation, as in option A.

Option F is correct because adding an IAM policy to CloudFormationDeployment that allows cloudformation:* on all resources and adding a policy that allows the iam:PassRole action for ARN of CloudFormationDeployment if iam:PassedToService equals cloudformation.amazonaws.com are valid solutions. The first policy grants permission for CloudFormationDeployment to perform any action with any resource using cloudformation.amazonaws.com as a service principal3. The second policy grants permission for passing this role only if it is passed by cloudformation.amazonaws.com as a service principal4. This ensures that only CloudFormation can use this role.

[References:, 1: AWS CloudFormation service roles, 2: How to use trust policies with IAM roles, 3: AWS::IAM::Policy, 4: IAM: Pass an IAM role to a specific AWS service, , , , ]

Question 13

A DevOps engineer has automated a web service deployment by using AWS CodePipeline with the following steps:

1) An AWS CodeBuild project compiles the deployment artifact and runs unit tests.

2) An AWS CodeDeploy deployment group deploys the web service to Amazon EC2 instances in the staging environment.

3) A CodeDeploy deployment group deploys the web service to EC2 instances in the production environment.

The quality assurance (QA) team requests permission to inspect the build artifact before the deployment to the production environment occurs. The QA team wants to run an internal penetration testing tool to conduct manual tests. The tool will be invoked by a REST API call.

Which combination of actions should the DevOps engineer take to fulfill this request? (Choose two.)

Options:

Insert a manual approval action between the test actions and deployment actions of the pipeline.

Modify the buildspec.yml file for the compilation stage to require manual approval before completion.

Update the CodeDeploy deployment groups so that they require manual approval to proceed.

Update the pipeline to directly call the REST API for the penetration testing tool.

Update the pipeline to invoke an AWS Lambda function that calls the REST API for the penetration testing tool.

Question 14

A development team manually builds an artifact locally and then places it in an Amazon S3 bucket. The application has a local cache that must be cleared when a deployment occurs. The team runs a command to do this downloads the artifact from Amazon S3 and unzips the artifact to complete the deployment.

A DevOps team wants to migrate to a CI/CD process and build in checks to stop and roll back the deployment when a failure occurs. This requires the team to track the progression of the deployment.

Which combination of actions will accomplish this? (Select THREE)

Options:

Allow developers to check the code into a code repository Using Amazon EventBridge on every pull into the mam branch invoke an AWS Lambda function to build the artifact and store it in Amazon S3.

Create a custom script to clear the cache Specify the script in the Beforelnstall lifecycle hook in the AppSpec file.

Create user data for each Amazon EC2 instance that contains the clear cache script Once deployed test the application If it is not successful deploy it again.

Set up AWS CodePipeline to deploy the application Allow developers to check the code into a code repository as a source tor the pipeline.

Use AWS CodeBuild to build the artifact and place it in Amazon S3 Use AWS CodeDeploy to deploy the artifact to Amazon EC2 instances.

Use AWS Systems Manager to fetch the artifact from Amazon S3 and deploy it to all the instances.

Question 15

A company is experiencing failures in its AWS CodeDeploy deployments for a critical application. The application is deployed on Amazon EC2 instances. A DevOps engineer must analyze the failed deployments to identify the root cause of the failures.

Which solution will provide the appropriate information to troubleshoot the deployment issues?

Options:

Configure VPC Flow Logs to monitor network traffic. Use Amazon Inspector to detect non-network deployment issues. Use Amazon Detective to analyze the findings.

Enable detailed monitoring on the EC2 instances. Use AWS Systems Manager Run Command to run troubleshooting scripts on all the EC2 instances simultaneously. Analyze the results in AWS CloudTrail logs.

Use Amazon CloudWatch Logs to review application logs. Analyze CodeDeploy deployment logs in the /opt/codedeploy-agent/deployment-root/ directory on the EC2 instances. Use AWS X-Ray to trace requests through the application components.

Examine AWS Trusted Advisor checks for the CodeDeploy deployments. Use the AWS Health Dashboard to monitor application health. Analyze performance metrics in Amazon CloudWatch dashboards.

Question 16

An ecommerce company hosts a web application on Amazon EC2 instances that are in an Auto Scaling group. The company deploys the application across multiple Availability Zones.

Application users are reporting intermittent performance issues with the application.

The company enables basic Amazon CloudWatch monitoring for the EC2 instances. The company identifies and implements a fix for the performance issues. After resolving the issues, the company wants to implement a monitoring solution that will quickly alert the company about future performance issues.

Which solution will meet this requirement?

Options:

Enable detailed monitoring for the EC2 instances. Create custom CloudWatch metrics for application-specific performance indicators. Set up CloudWatch alarms based on the custom metrics. Use CloudWatch Logs Insights to analyze application logs for error patterns.

Use AWS X-Ray to implement distributed tracing. Integrate X-Ray with Amazon CloudWatch RUM. Use Amazon EventBridge to trigger automatic scaling actions based on custom events.

Use Amazon CloudFront to deliver the application. Use AWS CloudTrail to monitor API calls. Use AWS Trusted Advisor to generate recommendations to optimize performance. Use Amazon GuardDuty to detect potential performance issues.

Enable VPC Flow Logs. Use Amazon Data Firehose to stream flow logs to Amazon S3. Use Amazon Athena to analyze the logs and to send alerts to the company.

Question 17

A company has a workflow that generates a file for each of the company ' s products and stores the files in a production environment Amazon S3 bucket. The company ' s users can access the S3 bucket.

Each file contains a product ID. Product IDs for products that have not been publicly announced are prefixed with a specific UUID. Product IDs are 12 characters long. IDs for products that have not been publicly announced begin with the letter P.

The company does not want information about products that have not been publicly announced to be available in the production environment S3 bucket.

Which solution will meet these requirements?

Options:

Create a new staging S3 bucket. Generate all files in the new staging bucket. Create an Amazon Macie custom data identifier to identify product IDs in the new bucket that begin with the specific UUID. Launch an Amazon Macie sensitive data discovery job with the custom data identifier. Copy all files that do not have a Macie finding to the production S3 bucket.

Create an Amazon Macie custom data identifier to identify product IDs in the production bucket that begin with the specific UUID. Launch an Amazon Macie sensitive data discovery job with the custom data identifier. Remove all files that have a Macie finding from the production S3 bucket.

Create a new staging S3 bucket. Generate all files in the new staging bucket. Launch an Amazon Macie sensitive data discovery job with a managed data identifier. Copy all files that do not have a Macie finding to the production S3 bucket.

Create an Amazon Macie sensitive data discovery job with a managed data identifier. Remove all files that have a Macie finding from the production S3 bucket.

Question 18

A company is implementing AWS CodePipeline to automate its testing process The company wants to be notified when the execution state fails and used the following custom event pattern in Amazon EventBridge:

Which type of events will match this event pattern?

Options:

Failed deploy and build actions across all the pipelines

All rejected or failed approval actions across all the pipelines

All the events across all pipelines

Approval actions across all the pipelines

Question 19

A company manages a web application that runs on Amazon EC2 instances behind an Application Load Balancer (ALB). The EC2 instances run in an Auto Scaling group across multiple Availability Zones. The application uses an Amazon RDS for MySQL DB instance to store the data. The company has configured Amazon Route 53 with an alias record that points to the ALB.

A new company guideline requires a geographically isolated disaster recovery (DR > site with an RTO of 4 hours and an RPO of 15 minutes.

Which DR strategy will meet these requirements with the LEAST change to the application stack?

Options:

Launch a replica environment of everything except Amazon RDS in a different Availability Zone Create an RDS read replica in the new Availability Zone: and configure the new stack to point to the local RDS DB instance. Add the new stack to the Route 53 record set by using a hearth check to configure a failover routing policy.

Launch a replica environment of everything except Amazon RDS in a different AWS. Region Create an RDS read replica in the new Region and configure the new stack to point to the local RDS DB instance. Add the new stack to the Route 53 record set by using a health check to configure a latency routing policy.

Launch a replica environment of everything except Amazon RDS ma different AWS Region. In the event of an outage copy and restore the latest RDS snapshot from the primary. Region to the DR Region Adjust the Route 53 record set to point to the ALB in the DR Region.

Launch a replica environment of everything except Amazon RDS in a different AWS Region. Create an RDS read replica in the new Region and configure the new environment to point to the local RDS DB instance. Add the new stack to the Route 53 record set by using a health check to configure a failover routing policy. In the event of an outage promote the read replica to primary.

Question 20

A company containerized its Java app and uses CodePipeline. They want to scan images in ECR for vulnerabilities and reject images with critical vulnerabilities in a manual approval stage.

Which solution meets these?

Options:

Basic scanning with EventBridge for Inspector findings and Lambda to reject manual approval if critical vulnerabilities found.

Enhanced scanning, Lambda invokes Inspector for SBOM, exports to S3, Athena queries SBOM, rejects manual approval on critical findings.

Enhanced scanning, EventBridge listens to Detective scan findings, Lambda rejects manual approval on critical vulnerabilities.

Enhanced scanning, EventBridge listens to Inspector scan findings, Lambda rejects manual approval on critical vulnerabilities.

Question 21

A company needs to implement failover for its application. The application includes an Amazon CloudFront distribution and a public Application Load Balancer (ALB) in an AWS Region. The company has configured the ALB as the default origin for the distribution.

After some recent application outages, the company wants a zero-second RTO. The company deploys the application to a secondary Region in a warm standby configuration. A DevOps engineer needs to automate the failover of the application to the secondary Region so that HTTP GET requests meet the desired R TO.

Which solution will meet these requirements?

Options:

Create a second CloudFront distribution that has the secondary ALB as the default origin. Create Amazon Route 53 alias records that have a failover policy and Evaluate Target Health set to Yes for both CloudFront distributions. Update the application to use the new record set.

Create a new origin on the distribution for the secondary ALB. Create a new origin group. Set the original ALB as the primary origin. Configure the origin group to fail over for HTTP 5xx status codes. Update the default behavior to use the origin group.

Create Amazon Route 53 alias records that have a failover policy and Evaluate Target Health set to Yes for both ALBs. Set the TTL of both records to O. Update the distribution ' s origin to use the new record set.

Create a CloudFront function that detects HTTP 5xx status codes. Configure the function to return a 307 Temporary Redirect error response to the secondary ALB if the function detects 5xx status codes. Update the distribution ' s default behavior to send origin responses to the function.

Answer:

Explanation:

To implement failover for the application to the secondary Region so that HTTP GET requests meet the desired RTO, the DevOps engineer should use the following solution:

Create a new origin on the distribution for the secondary ALB. A CloudFront origin is the source of the content that CloudFront delivers to viewers. By creating a new origin for the secondary ALB, the DevOps engineer can configure CloudFront to route traffic to the secondary Region when the primary Region is unavailable1

Create a new origin group. Set the original ALB as the primary origin. Configure the origin group to fail over for HTTP 5xx status codes. An origin group is a logical grouping of two origins: a primary origin and a secondary origin. By creating an origin group, the DevOps engineer can specify which origin CloudFront should use as a fallback when the primary origin fails. The DevOps engineer can also define which HTTP status codes should trigger a failover from the primary origin to the secondary origin. By setting the original ALB as the primary origin and configuring the origin group to fail over for HTTP 5xx status codes, the DevOps engineer can ensure that CloudFront will switch to the secondary ALB when the primary ALB returns server errors2

Update the default behavior to use the origin group. A behavior is a set of rules that CloudFront applies when it receives requests for specific URLs or file types. The default behavior applies to all requests that do not match any other behaviors. By updating the default behavior to use the origin group, the DevOps engineer can enable failover routing for all requests that are sent to the distribution3

This solution will meet the requirements because it will automate the failover of the application to the secondary Region with zero-second RTO. When CloudFront receives an HTTP GET request, it will first try to route it to the primary ALB in the primary Region. If the primary ALB is healthy and returns a successful response, CloudFront will deliver it to the viewer. If the primary ALB is unhealthy or returns an HTTP 5xx status code, CloudFront will automatically route the request to the secondary ALB in the secondary Region and deliver its response to the viewer.

The other options are not correct because they either do not provide zero-second RTO or do not work as expected. Creating a second CloudFront distribution that has the secondary ALB as the default origin and creating Amazon Route 53 alias records that have a failover policy is not a good option because it will introduce additional latency and complexity to the solution. Route 53 health checks and DNS propagation can take several minutes or longer, which means that viewers might experience delays or errors when accessing the application during a failover event. Creating Amazon Route 53 alias records that have a failover policy and Evaluate Target Health set to Yes for both ALBs and setting the TTL of both records to O is not a valid option because it will not work with CloudFront distributions. Route 53 does not support health checks for alias records that point to CloudFront distributions, so it cannot detect if an ALB behind a distribution is healthy or not. Creating a CloudFront function that detects HTTP 5xx status codes and returns a 307 Temporary Redirect error response to the secondary ALB is not a valid option because it will not provide zero-second RTO. A 307 Temporary Redirect error response tells viewers to retry their requests with a different URL, which means that viewers will have to make an additional request and wait for another response from CloudFront before reaching the secondary ALB.

1: Adding, Editing, and Deleting Origins - Amazon CloudFront

2: Configuring Origin Failover - Amazon CloudFront

3: Creating or Updating a Cache Behavior - Amazon CloudFront

Question 22

A company has an organization in AWS Organizations for its multi-account environment. A DevOps engineer is developing an AWS CodeArtifact based strategy for application package management across the organization. Each application team at the company has its own account in the organization. Each application team also has limited access to a centralized shared services account.

Each application team needs full access to download, publish, and grant access to its own packages. Some common library packages that the application teams use must also be shared with the entire organization.

Which combination of steps will meet these requirements with the LEAST administrative overhead? (Select THREE.)

Options:

Create a domain in each application team ' s account. Grant each application team ' s account lull read access and write access to the application team ' s domain

Create a domain in the shared services account Grant the organization read access and CreateRepository access.

Create a repository in each application team ' s account. Grant each application team ' s account lull read access and write access to its own repository.

Create a repository in the shared services account. Grant the organization read access to the repository in the shared services account. Set the repository as the upstream repository in each application team ' s repository.

For teams that require shared packages, create resource-based policies that allow read access to the repository from other application teams ' accounts.

Set the other application teams ' repositories as upstream repositories.

Answer:

B, D, E

Explanation:

 Step 1: Creating a Centralized Domain in the Shared Services Account

To manage application package dependencies across multiple accounts, the most efficient solution is to create a centralized domain in the shared services account. This allows all application teams to access and manage package repositories within the same domain, ensuring consistency and centralization.

Action: Create a domain in the shared services account.

Why: A single, centralized domain reduces the need for redundant management in each application team ' s account.

[Reference: AWS documentation on AWS CodeArtifact domains and repositories., This corresponds to Option B: Create a domain in the shared services account. Grant the organization read access and CreateRepository access.,  Step 2: Sharing Repositories Across Teams with Upstream ConfigurationsTo share common library packages across the organization, each application team's repository can point to the shared services repository as an upstream repository. This enables teams to access shared packages without managing them individually in each team's account., Action: Create a repository in the shared services account and set it as the upstream repository for each application team., Why: Upstream repositories allow package sharing while maintaining individual team repositories for managing their own packages., Reference: AWS documentation on Upstream repositories in CodeArtifact., This corresponds to Option D: Create a repository in the shared services account. Grant the organization read access to the repository in the shared services account. Set the repository as the upstream repository in each application team's repository.,  Step 3: Using Resource-Based Policies for Cross-Account AccessFor teams that need to share their packages with other application teams, resource-based policies can be applied to grant the necessary permissions. These policies allow cross-account access without having to manage permissions at the individual account level., Action: Create resource-based policies that allow read access to the repositories across application teams., Why: This simplifies management by centralizing permissions in the shared services account while allowing cross-team collaboration., Reference: AWS documentation on CodeArtifact resource-based policies., This corresponds to Option E: For teams that require shared packages, create resource-based policies that allow read access to the repository from other application teams' accounts., , , , ]

Question 23

A company has an application that runs on Amazon EC2 instances that are in an Auto Scaling group. When the application starts up. the application needs to process data from an Amazon S3 bucket before the application can start to serve requests.

The size of the data that is stored in the S3 bucket is growing. When the Auto Scaling group adds new instances, the application now takes several minutes to download and process the data before the application can serve requests. The company must reduce the time that elapses before new EC2 instances are ready to serve requests.

Which solution is the MOST cost-effective way to reduce the application startup time?

Options:

Configure a warm pool for the Auto Scaling group with warmed EC2 instances in the Stopped state. Configure an autoscaling:EC2_INSTANCE_LAUNCHING lifecycle hook on the Auto Scaling group. Modify the application to complete the lifecycle hook when the application is ready to serve requests.

Increase the maximum instance count of the Auto Scaling group. Configure an autoscaling:EC2_INSTANCE_LAUNCHING lifecycle hook on the Auto Scaling group. Modify the application to complete the lifecycle hook when the application is ready to serve requests.

Configure a warm pool for the Auto Scaling group with warmed EC2 instances in the Running state. Configure an autoscaling:EC2_INSTANCE_LAUNCHING lifecycle hook on the Auto Scaling group. Modify the application to complete the lifecycle hook when the application is ready to serve requests.

Question 24

A DevOps engineer is working on a data archival project that requires the migration of on-premises data to an Amazon S3 bucket. The DevOps engineer develops a script that incrementally archives on-premises data that is older than 1 month to Amazon S3. Data that is transferred to Amazon S3 is deleted from the on-premises location The script uses the S3 PutObject operation.

During a code review the DevOps engineer notices that the script does not verity whether the data was successfully copied to Amazon S3. The DevOps engineer must update the script to ensure that data is not corrupted during transmission. The script must use MD5 checksums to verify data integrity before the on-premises data is deleted.

Which solutions for the script will meet these requirements ' ? (Select TWO.)

Options:

Check the returned response for the Versioned Compare the returned Versioned against the MD5 checksum.

Include the MD5 checksum within the Content-MD5 parameter. Check the operation call ' s return status to find out if an error was returned.

Include the checksum digest within the tagging parameter as a URL query parameter.

Check the returned response for the ETag. Compare the returned ETag against the MD5 checksum.

Include the checksum digest within the Metadata parameter as a name-value pair After upload use the S3 HeadObject operation to retrieve metadata from the object.

Question 25

A company is using AWS CodePipeline to deploy an application. According to a new guideline, a member of the company ' s security team must sign off on any application changes before the changes are deployed into production. The approval must be recorded and retained.

Which combination of actions will meet these requirements? (Select TWO.)

Options:

Configure CodePipeline to write actions to Amazon CloudWatch Logs.

Configure CodePipeline to write actions to an Amazon S3 bucket at the end of each pipeline stage.

Create an AWS CloudTrail trail to deliver logs to Amazon S3.

Create a CodePipeline custom action to invoke an AWS Lambda function for approval. Create a policy that gives the security team access to manage CodePipeline custom actions.

Create a CodePipeline manual approval action before the deployment step. Create a policy that grants the security team access to approve manual approval stages.

Question 26

A company has an application that is using a MySQL-compatible Amazon Aurora Multi-AZ DB cluster as the database. A cross-Region read replica has been created for disaster recovery purposes. A DevOps engineer wants to automate the promotion of the replica so it becomes the primary database instance in the event of a failure.

Which solution will accomplish this?

Options:

Configure a latency-based Amazon Route 53 CNAME with health checks so it points to both the primary and replica endpoints. Subscribe an Amazon SNS topic to Amazon RDS failure notifications from AWS CloudTrail and use that topic to invoke an AWS Lambda function that will promote the replica instance as the primary.

Create an Aurora custom endpoint to point to the primary database instance. Configure the application to use this endpoint. Configure AWS CloudTrail to run an AWS Lambda function to promote the replica instance and modify the custom endpoint to point to the newly promoted instance.

Create an AWS Lambda function to modify the application ' s AWS CloudFormation template to promote the replica, apply the template to update the stack, and point the application to the newly promoted instance. Create an Amazon CloudWatch alarm to invoke this Lambda function after the failure event occurs.

Store the Aurora endpoint in AWS Systems Manager Parameter Store. Create an Amazon EventBridge event that detects the database failure and runs an AWS Lambda function to promote the replica instance and update the endpoint URL stored in AWS Systems Manager Parameter Store. Code the application to reload the endpoint from Parameter Store if a database connection fails.

Question 27

A company builds a container image in an AWS CodeBuild project by running Docker commands. After the container image is built, the CodeBuild project uploads the container image to an Amazon S3 bucket. The CodeBuild project has an 1AM service role that has permissions to access the S3 bucket.

A DevOps engineer needs to replace the S3 bucket with an Amazon Elastic Container Registry (Amazon ECR) repository to store the container images. The DevOps engineer creates an ECR private image repository in the same AWS Region of the CodeBuild project. The DevOps engineer adjusts the 1AM service role with the permissions that are necessary to work with the new ECR repository. The DevOps engineer also places new repository information into the docker build command and the docker push command that are used in the buildspec.yml file.

When the CodeBuild project runs a build job, the job fails when the job tries to access the ECR repository.

Which solution will resolve the issue of failed access to the ECR repository?

Options:

Update the buildspec.yml file to log in to the ECR repository by using the aws ecr get-login-password AWS CLI command to obtain an authentication token. Update the docker login command to use the authentication token to access the ECR repository.

Add an environment variable of type SECRETS_MANAGER to the CodeBuild project. In the environment variable, include the ARN of the CodeBuild project ' s lAM service role. Update the buildspec.yml file to use the new environment variable to log in with the docker login command to access the ECR repository.

Update the ECR repository to be a public image repository. Add an ECR repository policy that allows the 1AM service role to have access.

Update the buildspec.yml file to use the AWS CLI to assume the 1AM service role for ECR operations. Add an ECR repository policy that allows the 1AM service role to have access.

Question 28

A company ' s application is currently deployed to a single AWS Region. Recently, the company opened a new office on a different continent. The users in the new office are experiencing high latency. The company ' s application runs on Amazon EC2 instances behind an Application Load Balancer (ALB) and uses Amazon DynamoDB as the database layer. The instances run in an EC2 Auto Scaling group across multiple Availability Zones. A DevOps engineer is tasked with minimizing application response times and improving availability for users in both Regions.

Which combination of actions should be taken to address the latency issues? (Choose three.)

Options:

Create a new DynamoDB table in the new Region with cross-Region replication enabled.

Create new ALB and Auto Scaling group global resources and configure the new ALB to direct traffic to the new Auto Scaling group.

Create new ALB and Auto Scaling group resources in the new Region and configure the new ALB to direct traffic to the new Auto Scaling group.

Create Amazon Route 53 records, health checks, and latency-based routing policies to route to the ALB.

Create Amazon Route 53 aliases, health checks, and failover routing policies to route to the ALB.

Convert the DynamoDB table to a global table.

Question 29

A company deploys a web application on Amazon EC2 instances that are behind an Application Load Balancer (ALB). The company stores the application code in an AWS CodeCommit repository. When code is merged to the main branch, an AWS Lambda function invokes an AWS CodeBuild project. The CodeBuild project packages the code, stores the packaged code in AWS CodeArtifact, and invokes AWS Systems Manager Run Command to deploy the packaged code to the EC2 instances.

Previous deployments have resulted in defects, EC2 instances that are not running the latest version of the packaged code, and inconsistencies between instances.

Which combination of actions should a DevOps engineer take to implement a more reliable deployment solution? (Select TWO.)

Options:

Create a pipeline in AWS CodePipeline that uses the CodeCommit repository as a source provider. Create separate pipeline stages that run a CodeBuild project to build and then test the application. In the pipeline, pass the CodeBuild project output artifact to an AWS CodeDeploy action.

Create an AWS CodeDeploy application and a deployment group to deploy the packaged code to the EC2 instances. Configure the ALB for the deployment group.

Create individual Lambda functions that use AWS CodeDeploy instead of Systems Manager to run build, test, and deploy actions.

Create an Amazon S3 bucket. Modify the CodeBuild project to store the packages in the S3 bucket instead of in CodeArtifact. Use deploy actions in CodeDeploy to deploy the artifact to the EC2 instances.

Answer:

A, C

Explanation:

To implement a more reliable deployment solution, a DevOps engineer should take the following actions:

Create a pipeline in AWS CodePipeline that uses the CodeCommit repository as a source provider. Configure pipeline stages that run the CodeBuild project in parallel to build and test the application. In the pipeline, pass the CodeBuild project output artifact to an AWS CodeDeploy action. This action will improve the deployment reliability by automating the entire process from code commit to deployment, reducing human errors and inconsistencies. By running the build and test stages in parallel, the pipeline can also speed up the delivery time and provide faster feedback. By using CodeDeploy as the deployment action, the pipeline can leverage the features of CodeDeploy, such as traffic shifting, health checks, rollback, and deployment configuration123

Create an AWS CodeDeploy application and a deployment group to deploy the packaged code to the EC2 instances. Configure the ALB for the deployment group. This action will improve the deployment reliability by using CodeDeploy to orchestrate the deployment across multiple EC2 instances behind an ALB. CodeDeploy can perform blue/green deployments or in-place deployments with traffic shifting, which can minimize downtime and reduce risks. CodeDeploy can also monitor the health of the instances during and after the deployment, and automatically roll back if any issues are detected. By configuring the ALB for the deployment group, CodeDeploy can register and deregister instances from the load balancer as needed, ensuring that only healthy instances receive traffic45

The other options are not correct because they do not improve the deployment reliability or follow best practices. Creating separate pipeline stages that run a CodeBuild project to build and then test the application is not a good option because it will increase the pipeline execution time and delay the feedback loop. Creating individual Lambda functions that use CodeDeploy instead of Systems Manager to run build, test, and deploy actions is not a valid option because it will add unnecessary complexity and cost to the solution. Lambda functions are not designed for long-running tasks such as building or deploying applications. Creating an Amazon S3 bucket and modifying the CodeBuild project to store the packages in the S3 bucket instead of in CodeArtifact is not a necessary option because it will not affect the deployment reliability. CodeArtifact is a secure, scalable, and cost-effective package management service that can store and share software packages for application development67

1: What is AWS CodePipeline? - AWS CodePipeline

2: Create a pipeline in AWS CodePipeline - AWS CodePipeline

3: Deploy an application with AWS CodeDeploy - AWS CodePipeline

4: What is AWS CodeDeploy? - AWS CodeDeploy

5: Configure an Application Load Balancer for your blue/green deployments - AWS CodeDeploy

6: What is AWS Lambda? - AWS Lambda

7: What is AWS CodeArtifact? - AWS CodeArtifact

Question 30

A company that uses electronic health records is running a fleet of Amazon EC2 instances with an Amazon Linux operating system. As part of patient privacy requirements, the company must ensure continuous compliance for patches for operating system and applications running on the EC2 instances.

How can the deployments of the operating system and application patches be automated using a default and custom repository?

Options:

Use AWS Systems Manager to create a new patch baseline including the custom repository. Run the AWS-RunPatchBaseline document using the run command to verify and install patches.

Use AWS Direct Connect to integrate the corporate repository and deploy the patches using Amazon CloudWatch scheduled events, then use the CloudWatch dashboard to create reports.

Use yum-config-manager to add the custom repository under /etc/yum.repos.d and run yum-config-manager-enable to activate the repository.

Use AWS Systems Manager to create a new patch baseline including the corporate repository. Run the AWS-AmazonLinuxDefaultPatchBaseline document using the run command to verify and install patches.

Question 31

A development team uses AWS CodeCommit for version control for applications. The development team uses AWS CodePipeline, AWS CodeBuild. and AWS CodeDeploy for CI/CD infrastructure. In CodeCommit, the development team recently merged pull requests that did not pass long-running tests in the code base. The development team needed to perform rollbacks to branches in the codebase, resulting in lost time and wasted effort.

A DevOps engineer must automate testing of pull requests in CodeCommit to ensure that reviewers more easily see the results of automated tests as part of the pull request review.

What should the DevOps engineer do to meet this requirement?

Options:

Create an Amazon EventBridge rule that reacts to the pullRequestStatusChanged event. Create an AWS Lambda function that invokes a CodePipeline pipeline with a CodeBuild action that runs the tests for the application. Program the Lambda function to post the CodeBuild badge as a comment on the pull request so that developers will see the badge in their code review.

Create an Amazon EventBridge rule that reacts to the pullRequestCreated event. Create an AWS Lambda function that invokes a CodePipeline pipeline with a CodeBuild action that runs the tests for the application. Program the Lambda function to post the CodeBuild test results as a comment on the pull request when the test results are complete.

Create an Amazon EventBridge rule that reacts to pullRequestCreated and pullRequestSourceBranchUpdated events. Create an AWS Lambda function that invokes a CodePipeline pipeline with a CodeBuild action that runs the tests for the application. Program the Lambda function to post the CodeBuild badge as a comment on the pull request so that developers will see the badge in their code review.

Create an Amazon EventBridge rule that reacts to the pullRequestStatusChanged event. Create an AWS Lambda function that invokes a CodePipeline pipeline with a CodeBuild action that runs the tests for the application. Program the Lambda function to post the CodeBuild test results as a comment on the pull request when the test results are complete.

Question 32

A company ' s application runs on Amazon EC2 instances. The application writes to a log file that records the username, date, time: and source IP address of the login. The log is published to a log group in Amazon CloudWatch Logs

The company is performing a root cause analysis for an event that occurred on the previous day The company needs to know the number of logins for a specific user from the past 7 days

Which solution will provide this information ' ?

Options:

Create a CloudWatch Logs metric filter on the log group Use a filter pattern that matches the username. Publish a CloudWatch metric that sums the number of logins over the past 7 days.

Create a CloudWatch Logs subscription on the log group Use a filter pattern that matches the username Publish a CloudWatch metric that sums the number of logins over the past 7 days

Create a CloudWatch Logs Insights query that uses an aggregation function to count the number of logins for the username over the past 7 days. Run the query against the log group

Create a CloudWatch dashboard. Add a number widget that has a filter pattern that counts the number of logins for the username over the past 7 days directly from the log group

Question 33

A company uses AWS CodePipeline pipelines to automate releases of its application A typical pipeline consists of three stages build, test, and deployment. The company has been using a separate AWS CodeBuild project to run scripts for each stage. However, the company now wants to use AWS CodeDeploy to handle the deployment stage of the pipelines.

The company has packaged the application as an RPM package and must deploy the application to a fleet of Amazon EC2 instances. The EC2 instances are in an EC2 Auto Scaling group and are launched from a common AMI.

Which combination of steps should a DevOps engineer perform to meet these requirements? (Choose two.)

Options:

Create a new version of the common AMI with the CodeDeploy agent installed. Update the IAM role of the EC2 instances to allow access to CodeDeploy.

Create a new version of the common AMI with the CodeDeploy agent installed. Create an AppSpec file that contains application deployment scripts and grants access to CodeDeploy.

Create an application in CodeDeploy. Configure an in-place deployment type. Specify the Auto Scaling group as the deployment target. Add a step to the CodePipeline pipeline to use EC2 Image Builder to create a new AMI. Configure CodeDeploy to deploy the newly created AMI.

Create an application in CodeDeploy. Configure an in-place deployment type. Specify the Auto Scaling group as the deployment target. Update the CodePipeline pipeline to use the CodeDeploy action to deploy the application.

Create an application in CodeDeploy. Configure an in-place deployment type. Specify the EC2 instances that are launched from the common AMI as the deployment target. Update the CodePipeline pipeline to use the CodeDeploy action to deploy the application.

Question 34

A company has microservices running in AWS Lambda that read data from Amazon DynamoDB. The Lambda code is manually deployed by developers after successful testing The company now needs the tests and deployments be automated and run in the cloud Additionally, traffic to the new versions of each microservice should be incrementally shifted over time after deployment.

What solution meets all the requirements, ensuring the MOST developer velocity?

Options:

Create an AWS CodePipelme configuration and set up a post-commit hook to trigger the pipeline after tests have passed Use AWS CodeDeploy and create a Canary deployment configuration that specifies the percentage of traffic and interval

Create an AWS CodeBuild configuration that triggers when the test code is pushed Use AWS CloudFormation to trigger an AWS CodePipelme configuration that deploys the new Lambda versions and specifies the traffic shift percentage and interval

Create an AWS CodePipelme configuration and set up the source code step to trigger when code is pushed. Set up the build step to use AWS CodeBuild to run the tests Set up an AWS CodeDeploy configuration to deploy, then select the CodeDeployDefault.LambdaLinearlDPercentEvery3Minut.es Option.

Use the AWS CLI to set up a post-commit hook that uploads the code to an Amazon S3 bucket after tests have passed. Set up an S3 event trigger that runs a Lambda function that deploys the new version. Use an interval in the Lambda function to deploy the code over time at the required percentage

Question 35

A company is performing vulnerability scanning for all Amazon EC2 instances across many accounts. The accounts are in an organization in AWS Organizations. Each account ' s VPCs are attached to a shared transit gateway. The VPCs send traffic to the internet through a central egress VPC. The company has enabled Amazon Inspector in a delegated administrator account and has enabled scanning for all member accounts.

A DevOps engineer discovers that some EC2 instances are listed in the " not scanning " tab in Amazon Inspector.

Which combination of actions should the DevOps engineer take to resolve this issue? (Choose three.)

Options:

Verify that AWS Systems Manager Agent is installed and is running on the EC2 instances that Amazon Inspector is not scanning.

Associate the target EC2 instances with security groups that allow outbound communication on port 443 to the AWS Systems Manager service endpoint.

Grant inspector: StartAssessmentRun permissions to the IAM role that the DevOps engineer is using.

Configure EC2 Instance Connect for the EC2 instances that Amazon Inspector is not scanning.

Associate the target EC2 instances with instance profiles that grant permissions to communicate with AWS Systems Manager.

Create a managed-instance activation. Use the Activation Code and the Activation ID to register the EC2 instances.

Question 36

A DevOps engineer maintains a web application that is deployed on an Amazon Elastic Container Service (Amazon ECS) service behind an Application Load Balancer (ALB).

Recent updates to the service caused downtime for the application because of issues with the application code. The DevOps engineer needs to design a solution to test updates on a small amount of traffic first before deploying to the rest of the service.

Which solution will meet these requirements?

Options:

Create a new pipeline in AWS CodePipeline. Connect the pipeline to an AWS CodeConnections compatible Git repository. Configure the pipeline with an ECRBuildAndPublish action and an Amazon ECS standard deployment action. Configure the ECS service to use the rolling update deployment type.

Update the ECS service to use AWS CodeDeploy as the deployment controller. Create a second target group for the ALB. Create a CodeDeploy application and deployment group for the application. Use CodeDeploy to deploy updates by using the CodeDeployDefault.ECSCanary10Percent15Minutes deployment configuration.

Create a new AWS CodeBuild project that uses AWS Lambda compute and that includes an IAM role that has permissions to update the ECS task definition. Update the project buildspec file to call the Amazon ECS RegisterTaskDefinition API for deployments. Configure the ECS service to use the rolling update deployment type.

Create a new AWS CodeBuild project. Connect the project to an AWS CodeConnections compatible Git repository. Create a buildspec.yml file in the Git repository that contains commands to call the Amazon ECS UpdateService API. Set a slow start duration of 2 minutes on the ALB target group.

Question 37

A DevOps engineer updates an AWS CloudFormation stack to add a nested stack that includes several Amazon EC2 instances. When the DevOps engineer attempts to deploy the updated stack, the nested stack fails to deploy. What should the DevOps engineer do to determine the cause of the failure?

Options:

Use the CloudFormation detect root cause capability for the failed stack to analyze the failure and return the event that is the most likely cause for the failure.

Query failed stacks by specifying the root stack as the ParentId property. Examine the StackStatusReason property for all returned stacks to determine the reason the nested stack failed to deploy.

Activate AWS Systems Manager for the AWS account where the application runs. Use the AWS Systems Manager Automation AWSSupport-TroubleshootCFNCustomResource runbook to determine the reason the nested stack failed to deploy.

Configure the CloudFormation template to publish logs to Amazon CloudWatch. View the CloudFormation logs for the failed stack in the CloudWatch console to determine the reason the nested stack failed to deploy.

Question 38

A company operates a fleet of Amazon EC2 instances that host critical applications and handle sensitive data. The EC2 instances must have up-to-date security patches to protect against vulnerabilities and ensure compliance with industry standards and regulations. The company needs an automated solution to monitor and enforce security patch compliance across the EC2 fleet.

Which solution will meet these requirements?

Options:

Configure AWS Systems Manager Patch Manager and AWS Config with defined patch baselines and compliance rules that run Systems Manager Automation documents.

Access each EC2 instance by using SSH keys . Check for and apply security updates by using package managers. Verify the installations.

Configure Auto Scaling groups that have scaling policies based on Amazon CloudWatch metrics. Configure Auto Scaling launch templates that launch new instances by using the latest AMIs that contain new security patches.

Use AWS CloudFormation to recreate EC2 instances with the latest AMI every time a new patch becomes available. Use AWS CloudTrail logs to monitor patch compliance and to send alerts for non-compliant instances.

Question 39

A company uses an organization in AWS Organizations to manage its AWS accounts. The company recently acquired another company that has standalone AWS accounts. The acquiring company ' s DevOps team needs to consolidate the administration of the AWS accounts for both companies and retain full administrative control of the accounts. The DevOps team also needs to collect and group findings across all the accounts to implement and maintain a security posture.

Which combination of steps should the DevOps team take to meet these requirements? (Select TWO.)

Options:

Invite the acquired company ' s AWS accounts to join the organization. Create an SCP that has full administrative privileges. Attach the SCP to the management account.

Invite the acquired company ' s AWS accounts to join the organization. Create the OrganizationAccountAccessRole 1AM role in the invited accounts. Grant permission to the management account to assume the role.

Use AWS Security Hub to collect and group findings across all accounts. Use Security Hub to automatically detect new accounts as the accounts are added to the organization.

Use AWS Firewall Manager to collect and group findings across all accounts. Enable all features for the organization. Designate an account in the organization as the delegated administrator account for Firewall Manager.

Use Amazon Inspector to collect and group findings across all accounts. Designate an account in the organization as the delegated administrator account for Amazon Inspector.

Question 40

A company ' s developers use Amazon EC2 instances as remote workstations. The company is concerned that users can create or modify EC2 security groups to allow unrestricted inbound access.

A DevOps engineer needs to develop a solution to detect when users create unrestricted security group rules. The solution must detect changes to security group rules in near real time, remove unrestricted rules, and send email notifications to the security team. The DevOps engineer has created an AWS Lambda function that checks for security group ID from input, removes rules that grant unrestricted access, and sends notifications through Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS).

What should the DevOps engineer do next to meet the requirements?

Options:

Configure the Lambda function to be invoked by the SNS topic. Create an AWS CloudTrail subscription for the SNS topic. Configure a subscription filter for security group modification events.

Create an Amazon EventBridge scheduled rule to invoke the Lambda function. Define a schedule pattern that runs the Lambda function every hour.

Create an Amazon EventBridge event rule that has the default event bus as the source. Define the rule’s event pattern to match EC2 security group creation and modification events. Configure the rule to invoke the Lambda function.

Create an Amazon EventBridge custom event bus that subscribes to events from all AWS services. Configure the Lambda function to be invoked by the custom event bus.

Question 41

A development team uses AWS CodeCommit, AWS CodePipeline, and AWS CodeBuild to develop and deploy an application. Changes to the code are submitted by pull requests. The development team reviews and merges the pull requests, and then the pipeline builds and tests the application.

Over time, the number of pull requests has increased. The pipeline is frequently blocked because of failing tests. To prevent this blockage, the development team wants to run the unit and integration tests on each pull request before it is merged.

Which solution will meet these requirements?

Options:

Create a CodeBuild project to run the unit and integration tests. Create a CodeCommit approval rule template. Configure the template to require the successful invocation of the CodeBuild project. Attach the approval rule to the project ' s CodeCommit repository.

Create an Amazon EventBridge rule to match pullRequestCreated events from CodeCommit Create a CodeBuild project to run the unit and integration tests. Configure the CodeBuild project as a target of the EventBridge rule that includes a custom event payload with the CodeCommit repository and branch information from the event.

Create an Amazon EventBridge rule to match pullRequestCreated events from CodeCommit. Modify the existing CodePipeline pipeline to not run the deploy steps if the build is started from a pull request. Configure the EventBridge rule to run the pipeline with a custom payload that contains the CodeCommit repository and branch information from the event.

Create a CodeBuild project to run the unit and integration tests. Create a CodeCommit notification rule that matches when a pull request is created or updated. Configure the notification rule to invoke the CodeBuild project.

Question 42

A company runs its container workloads in AWS App Runner. A DevOps engineer manages the company ' s container repository in Amazon Elastic Container Registry (Amazon ECR).

The DevOps engineer must implement a solution that continuously monitors the container repository. The solution must create a new container image when the solution detects an operating system vulnerability or language package vulnerability.

Which solution will meet these requirements?

Options:

Use EC2 Image Builder to create a container image pipeline. Use Amazon ECR as the target repository. Turn on enhanced scanning on the ECR repository. Create an Amazon EventBridge rule to capture an Inspector2 finding event. Use the event to invoke the image pipeline. Re-upload the container to the repository.

Use EC2 Image Builder to create a container image pipeline. Use Amazon ECR as the target repository. Enable Amazon GuardDuty Malware Protection on the container workload. Create an Amazon EventBridge rule to capture a GuardDuty finding event. Use the event to invoke the image pipeline.

Create an AWS CodeBuild project to create a container image. Use Amazon ECR as the target repository. Turn on basic scanning on the repository. Create an Amazon EventBridge rule to capture an ECR image action event. Use the event to invoke the CodeBuild project. Re-upload the container to the repository.

Create an AWS CodeBuild project to create a container image. Use Amazon ECR as the target repository. Configure AWS Systems Manager Compliance to scan all managed nodes. Create an Amazon EventBridge rule to capture a configuration compliance state change event. Use the event to invoke the CodeBuild project.

Answer:

Explanation:

The solution that meets the requirements is to use EC2 Image Builder to create a container image pipeline, use Amazon ECR as the target repository, turn on enhanced scanning on the ECR repository, create an Amazon EventBridge rule to capture an Inspector2 finding event, and use the event to invoke the image pipeline. Re-upload the container to the repository.

This solution will continuously monitor the container repository for vulnerabilities using enhanced scanning, which is a feature of Amazon ECR that provides detailed information and guidance on how to fix security issues found in your container images. Enhanced scanning uses Inspector2, a security assessment service that integrates with Amazon ECR and generates findings for any vulnerabilities detected in your images. You can use Amazon EventBridge to create a rule that triggers an action when an Inspector2 finding event occurs. The action can be to invoke an EC2 Image Builder pipeline, which is a service that automates the creation of container images. The pipeline can use the latest patches and updates to build a new container image and upload it to the same ECR repository, replacing the vulnerable image.

The other options are not correct because they do not meet all the requirements or use services that are not relevant for the scenario.

Option B is not correct because it uses Amazon GuardDuty Malware Protection, which is a feature of GuardDuty that detects malicious activity and unauthorized behavior on your AWS accounts and resources. GuardDuty does not scan container images for vulnerabilities, nor does it integrate with Amazon ECR or EC2 Image Builder.

Option C is not correct because it uses basic scanning on the ECR repository, which only provides a summary of the vulnerabilities found in your container images. Basic scanning does not use Inspector2 or generate findings that can be captured by Amazon EventBridge. Moreover, basic scanning does not provide guidance on how to fix the vulnerabilities.

Option D is not correct because it uses AWS Systems Manager Compliance, which is a feature of Systems Manager that helps you monitor and manage the compliance status of your AWS resources based on AWS Config rules and AWS Security Hub standards. Systems Manager Compliance does not scan container images for vulnerabilities, nor does it integrate with Amazon ECR or EC2 Image Builder.

Question 43

AnyCompany is using AWS Organizations to create and manage multiple AWS accounts AnyCompany recently acquired a smaller company, Example Corp. During the acquisition process, Example Corp ' s single AWS account joined AnyCompany ' s management account through an Organizations invitation. AnyCompany moved the new member account under an OU that is dedicated to Example Corp.

AnyCompany ' s DevOps eng•neer has an IAM user that assumes a role that is named OrganizationAccountAccessRole to access member accounts. This role is configured with a full access policy When the DevOps engineer tries to use the AWS Management Console to assume the role in Example Corp ' s new member account, the DevOps engineer receives the following error message " Invalid information in one or more fields. Check your information or contact your administrator. "

Which solution will give the DevOps engineer access to the new member account?

Options:

In the management account, grant the DevOps engineer ' s IAM user permission to assume the OrganzatlonAccountAccessR01e IAM role in the new member account.

In the management account, create a new SCR In the SCP, grant the DevOps engineer ' s IAM user full access to all resources in the new member account. Attach the SCP to the OU that contains the new member account,

In the new member account, create a new IAM role that is named OrganizationAccountAccessRole. Attach the AdmInistratorAccess AVVS managed policy to the role. In the role ' s trust policy, grant the management account permission to assume the role.

In the new member account edit the trust policy for the Organ zationAccountAccessRole IAM role. Grant the management account permission to assume the role.

Answer:

Explanation:

The problem is that the DevOps engineer cannot assume the OrganizationAccountAccessRole IAM role in the new member account that joined AnyCompany’s management account through an Organizations invitation. The solution is to create a new IAM role with the same name and trust policy in the new member account.

Option A is incorrect, as it does not address the root cause of the error. The DevOps engineer’s IAM user already has permission to assume the OrganizationAccountAccessRole IAM role in any member account, as this is the default role name that AWS Organizations creates when a new account joins an organization. The error occurs because the new member account does not have this role, as it was not created by AWS Organizations.

Option B is incorrect, as it does not address the root cause of the error. An SCP is a policy that defines the maximum permissions for account members of an organization or organizational unit (OU). An SCP does not grant permissions to IAM users or roles, but rather limits the permissions that identity-based policies or resource-based policies grant to them. An SCP also does not affect how IAM roles are assumed by other principals.

Option C is correct, as it addresses the root cause of the error. By creating a new IAM role with the same name and trust policy as the OrganizationAccountAccessRole IAM role in the new member account, the DevOps engineer can assume this role and access the account. The new role should have the AdministratorAccess AWS managed policy attached, which grants full access to all AWS resources in the account. The trust policy should allow the management account to assume the role, which can be done by specifying the management account ID as a principal in the policy statement.

Option D is incorrect, as it assumes that the new member account already has the OrganizationAccountAccessRole IAM role, which is not true. The new member account does not have this role, as it was not created by AWS Organizations. Editing the trust policy of a non-existent role will not solve the problem.

Question 44

A company uses AWS Secrets Manager to store a set of sensitive API keys that an AWS Lambda function uses. When the Lambda function is invoked, the Lambda function retrieves the API keys and makes an API call to an external service. The Secrets Manager secret is encrypted with the default AWS Key Management Service (AWS KMS) key.

A DevOps engineer needs to update the infrastructure to ensure that only the Lambda function ' s execution role can access the values in Secrets Manager. The solution must apply the principle of least privilege.

Which combination of steps will meet these requirements? (Select TWO.)

Options:

Update the default KMS key for Secrets Manager to allow only the Lambda function ' s execution role to decrypt.

Create a KMS customer managed key that trusts Secrets Manager and allows the Lambda function ' s execution role to decrypt. Update Secrets Manager to use the new customer managed key.

Create a KMS customer managed key that trusts Secrets Manager and allows the account ' s :root principal to decrypt. Update Secrets Manager to use the new customer managed key.

Ensure that the Lambda function ' s execution role has the KMS permissions scoped on the resource level. Configure the permissions so that the KMS key can encrypt the Secrets Manager secret.

Remove all KMS permissions from the Lambda function ' s execution role.

Answer:

B, D

Explanation:

The requirement is to update the infrastructure to ensure that only the Lambda function’s execution role can access the values in Secrets Manager. The solution must apply the principle of least privilege, which means granting the minimum permissions necessary to perform a task.

To do this, the DevOps engineer needs to use the following steps:

Create a KMS customer managed key that trusts Secrets Manager and allows the Lambda function’s execution role to decrypt. A customer managed key is a symmetric encryption key that is fully managed by the customer. The customer can define the key policy, which specifies who can use and manage the key. By creating a customer managed key, the DevOps engineer can restrict the decryption permission to only the Lambda function’s execution role, and prevent other principals from accessing the secret values. The customer managed key also needs to trust Secrets Manager, which means allowing Secrets Manager to use the key to encrypt and decrypt secrets on behalf of the customer.

Update Secrets Manager to use the new customer managed key. Secrets Manager allows customers to choose which KMS key to use for encrypting each secret. By default, Secrets Manager uses the default KMS key for Secrets Manager, which is a service-managed key that is shared by all customers in the same AWS Region. By updating Secrets Manager to use the new customer managed key, the DevOps engineer can ensure that only the Lambda function’s execution role can decrypt the secret values using that key.

Ensure that the Lambda function’s execution role has the KMS permissions scoped on the resource level. The Lambda function’s execution role is an IAM role that grants permissions to the Lambda function to access AWS services and resources. The role needs to have KMS permissions to use the customer managed key for decryption. However, to apply the principle of least privilege, the role should have the permissions scoped on the resource level, which means specifying the ARN of the customer managed key as a condition in the IAM policy statement. This way, the role can only use that specific key and not any other KMS keys in the account.

Question 45

An AWS CodePipeline pipeline has implemented a code release process. The pipeline is integrated with AWS CodeDeploy to deploy versions of an application to multiple Amazon EC2 instances for each CodePipeline stage.

During a recent deployment the pipeline failed due to a CodeDeploy issue. The DevOps team wants to improve monitoring and notifications during deployment to decrease resolution times.

What should the DevOps engineer do to create notifications. When issues are discovered?

Options:

Implement Amazon CloudWatch Logs for CodePipeline and CodeDeploy create an AWS Config rule to evaluate code deployment issues, and create an Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS) topic to notify stakeholders of deployment issues.

Implement Amazon EventBridge for CodePipeline and CodeDeploy create an AWS Lambda function to evaluate code deployment issues, and create an Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS) topic to notify stakeholders of deployment issues.

Implement AWS CloudTrail to record CodePipeline and CodeDeploy API call information create an AWS Lambda function to evaluate code deployment issues and create an Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS) topic to notify stakeholders of deployment issues.

Implement Amazon EventBridge for CodePipeline and CodeDeploy create an Amazon. Inspector assessment target to evaluate code deployment issues and create an Amazon Simple. Notification Service (Amazon SNS) topic to notify stakeholders of deployment issues.

Question 46

A company is migrating its web application to AWS. The application uses WebSocket connections for real-time updates and requires sticky sessions.

A DevOps engineer must implement a highly available architecture for the application. The application must be accessible to users worldwide with the least possible latency.

Which solution will meet these requirements with the LEAST operational overhead?

Options:

Deploy an Application Load Balancer (ALB). Deploy another ALB in a different AWS Region. Enable cross-zone load balancing and sticky sessions on the ALBs. Integrate the ALBs with Amazon Route 53 latency-based routing.

Deploy a Network Load Balancer (NLB). Deploy another NLB in a different AWS Region. Enable cross-zone load balancing and sticky sessions on the NLBs. Integrate the NLBs with Amazon Route 53 geolocation routing.

Deploy a Network Load Balancer (NLB) with cross-zone load balancing enabled. Configure the NLB with IP-based targets in multiple Availability Zones. Use Amazon CloudFront for global content delivery. Implement sticky sessions by using source IP address preservation on the NLB.

Deploy an Application Load Balancer (ALB) for HTTP traffic. Deploy a Network Load Balancer (NLB) in each of the company ' s AWS Regions for WebSocket connections. Enable sticky sessions on the ALB. Configure the ALB to forward requests to the NLB.

Question 47

A company has developed a serverless web application that is hosted on AWS. The application consists of Amazon S3. Amazon API Gateway, several AWS Lambda functions, and an Amazon RDS for MySQL database. The company is using AWS CodeCommit to store the source code. The source code is a combination of AWS Serverless Application Model (AWS SAM) templates and Python code.

A security audit and penetration test reveal that user names and passwords for authentication to the database are hardcoded within CodeCommit repositories. A DevOps engineer must implement a solution to automatically detect and prevent hardcoded secrets.

What is the MOST secure solution that meets these requirements?

Options:

Enable Amazon CodeGuru Profiler. Decorate the handler function with @with_lambda_profiler(). Manually review the recommendation report. Write the secret to AWS Systems Manager Parameter Store as a secure string. Update the SAM templates and the Python code to pull the secret from Parameter Store.

Associate the CodeCommit repository with Amazon CodeGuru Reviewer. Manually check the code review for any recommendations. Choose the option to protect the secret. Update the SAM templates and the Python code to pull the secret from AWS Secrets Manager.

Enable Amazon CodeGuru Profiler. Decorate the handler function with @with_lambda_profiler(). Manually review the recommendation report. Choose the option to protect the secret. Update the SAM templates and the Python code to pull the secret from AWS Secrets Manager.

Associate the CodeCommit repository with Amazon CodeGuru Reviewer. Manually check the code review for any recommendations. Write the secret to AWS Systems Manager Parameter Store as a string. Update the SAM templates and the Python code to pull the secret from Parameter Store.

Question 48

A company is building a new pipeline by using AWS CodePipeline and AWS CodeBuild in a build account. The pipeline consists of two stages. The first stage is a CodeBuild job to build and package an AWS Lambda function. The second stage consists of deployment actions that operate on two different AWS accounts a development environment account and a production environment account. The deployment stages use the AWS Cloud Format ion action that CodePipeline invokes to deploy the infrastructure that the Lambda function requires.

A DevOps engineer creates the CodePipeline pipeline and configures the pipeline to encrypt build artifacts by using the AWS Key Management Service (AWS KMS) AWS managed key for Amazon S3 (the aws/s3 key). The artifacts are stored in an S3 bucket When the pipeline runs, the Cloud Formation actions fail with an access denied error.

Which combination of actions must the DevOps engineer perform to resolve this error? (Select TWO.)

Options:

Create an S3 bucket in each AWS account for the artifacts Allow the pipeline to write to the S3 buckets. Create a CodePipeline S3 action to copy the artifacts to the S3 bucket in each AWS account Update the CloudFormation actions to reference the artifacts S3 bucket in the production account.

Create a customer managed KMS key Configure the KMS key policy to allow the IAM roles used by the CloudFormation action to perform decrypt operations Modify the pipeline to use the customer managed KMS key to encrypt artifacts.

Create an AWS managed KMS key Configure the KMS key policy to allow the development account and the production account to perform decrypt operations. Modify the pipeline to use the KMS key to encrypt artifacts.

In the development account and in the production account create an IAM role for CodePipeline. Configure the roles with permissions to perform CloudFormation operations and with permissions to retrieve and decrypt objects from the artifacts S3 bucket. In the CodePipeline account configure the CodePipeline CloudFormation action to use the roles.

In the development account and in the production account create an IAM role for CodePipeline Configure the roles with permissions to perform CloudFormationoperations and with permissions to retrieve and decrypt objects from the artifacts S3 bucket. In the CodePipelme account modify the artifacts S3 bucket policy to allow the roles access Configure the CodePipeline CloudFormation action to use the roles.

Question 49

A company has a search application that has a web interface. The company uses Amazon CloudFront, Application Load Balancers (ALBs), and Amazon EC2 instances in an Auto Scaling group with a desired capacity of 3. The company uses prebaked AMIs. The application starts in 1 minute. The application queries an Amazon OpenSearch Service cluster. The application is deployed to multiple Availability Zones. Because of compliance requirements, the application needs to have a disaster recovery (DR) environment in a separate AWS Region. The company wants to minimize the ongoing cost of the DR environment and requires an RTO and an RPO of under 30 minutes. The company has created an ALB in the DR Region. Which solution will meet these requirements?

Options:

Add the new ALB as an origin in the CloudFront distribution. Configure origin failover functionality. Copy the AMI to the DR Region. Create a launch template and an Auto Scaling group with a desired capacity of 0 in the DR Region. Create a new OpenSearch Service cluster in the DR Region. Set up cross-cluster replication for the cluster.

Create a new CloudFront distribution in the DR Region and add the new ALB as an origin. Use Amazon Route 53 DNS for Regional failover. Copy the AMI to the DR Region. Create a launch template and an Auto Scaling group with a desired capacity of 0 in the DR Region. Reconfigure the OpenSearch Service cluster as a Multi-AZ with Standby deployment. Ensure that the standby nodes are in the DR Region.

Create a new CloudFront distribution in the DR Region and add the new ALB as an origin. Use Amazon Route 53 DNS for Regional failover. Copy the AMI to the DR Region. Create a launch template and an Auto Scaling group with a desired capacity of 3 in the DR Region. Reconfigure the OpenSearch Service cluster as a Multi-AZ with Standby deployment. Ensure that the standby nodes are in the DR Region.

Add the new ALB as an origin in the CloudFront distribution. Configure origin failover functionality. Copy the AMI to the DR Region. Create a launch template and an Auto Scaling group with a desired capacity of 3 in the DR Region. Create a new OpenSearch Service cluster in the DR Region. Set up cross-cluster replication for the cluster.

Question 50

A company discovers that its production environment and disaster recovery (DR) environment are deployed to the same AWS Region. All the production applications run on Amazon EC2 instances and are deployed by AWS CloudFormation. The applications use an Amazon FSx for NetApp ONTAP volume for application storage. No application data resides on the EC2 instances. A DevOps engineer copies the required AMIs to a new DR Region. The DevOps engineer also updates the CloudFormation code to accept a Region as a parameter. The storage needs to have an RPO of 10 minutes in the DR Region. Which solution will meet these requirements?

Options:

Create an Amazon S3 bucket in both Regions. Configure S3 Cross-Region Replication (CRR) for the S3 buckets. Create a scheduled AWS Lambda function to copy any new content from the FSx for ONTAP volume to the S3 bucket in the production Region.

Use AWS Backup to create a backup vault and a custom backup plan that has a 10-minute frequency. Specify the DR Region as the target Region. Assign the EC2 instances in the production Region to the backup plan.

Create an AWS Lambda function to create snapshots of the instance store volumes that are attached to the EC2 instances. Configure the Lambda function to copy the snapshots to the DR Region and to remove the previous copies. Create an Amazon EventBridge scheduled rule that invokes the Lambda function every 10 minutes.

Create an FSx for ONTAP instance in the DR Region. Configure a 5-minute schedule for a volume-level NetApp SnapMirror to replicate the volume from the production Region to the DR Region.

Question 51

A company wants to improve its security practices by enforcing least privilege across all projects. Developers must be able to access Amazon EC2 resources but not Amazon RDS resources. Database administrators must have access only to Amazon RDS resources.

Every employee has a unique IAM user. There are already pre-existing IAM policies for developer and database administrator job functions. All AWS resources are already tagged with appropriate project tags. All the IAM users are tagged with the appropriate project and job function.

The company must ensure that each employee can access only the project that the employee is working on.

Which solution will meet these requirements? (Select THREE.)

Options:

For each project, create one IAM role for developers and one IAM role for database administrators. Tag the IAM roles with the corresponding projects and job functions.

Modify the pre-existing IAM policies to include a StringEquals condition that compares the ResourceTag for projects with the PrincipalTag value. Attach the modified policies to the IAM roles for each job function.

Create an IAM policy that allows users to assume a role only when the ResourceTag values match the PrincipalTag values for project tags and job function tags. Attach the new policy to all IAM users.

Create an IAM policy that allows users to assume a role only when the ResourceTag values match the PrincipalTag values for project tags and job function tags. Attach the new policy to the IAM roles for each job function.

Tag the pre-existing IAM policies with the appropriate projects and job functions. Attach the modified policies to IAM roles for each job function.

For each project, create one IAM group for developers and one IAM group for database administrators. Add the appropriate users to each group so the users can assume their respective IAM roles.

Question 52

A company has an application that runs on AWS Lambda and sends logs to Amazon CloudWatch Logs. An Amazon Kinesis data stream is subscribed to the log groups in CloudWatch Logs. A single consumer Lambda function processes the logs from the data stream and stores the logs in an Amazon S3 bucket.

The company ' s DevOps team has noticed high latency during the processing and ingestion of some logs.

Which combination of steps will reduce the latency? (Select THREE.)

Options:

Create a data stream consumer with enhanced fan-out. Set the Lambda function that processes the logs as the consumer.

Increase the ParallelizationFactor setting in the Lambda event source mapping.

Configure reserved concurrency for the Lambda function that processes the logs.

Increase the batch size in the Kinesis data stream.

Turn off the ReportBatchltemFailures setting in the Lambda event source mapping.

Increase the number of shards in the Kinesis data stream.

Answer:

A, B, C

Explanation:

The latency in processing and ingesting logs can be caused by several factors, such as the throughput of the Kinesis data stream, the concurrency of the Lambda function, and the configuration of the event source mapping. To reduce the latency, the following steps can be taken:

Create a data stream consumer with enhanced fan-out. Set the Lambda function that processes the logs as the consumer. This will allow the Lambda function to receive records from the data stream with dedicated throughput of up to 2 MB per second per shard, independent of other consumers1. This will reduce the contention and delay in accessing the data stream.

Increase the ParallelizationFactor setting in the Lambda event source mapping. This will allow the Lambda service to invoke more instances of the function concurrently to process the records from the data stream2. This will increase the processing capacity and reduce the backlog of records in the data stream.

Configure reserved concurrency for the Lambda function that processes the logs. This will ensure that the function has enough concurrency available to handle the increased load from the data stream3. This will prevent the function from being throttled by the account-level concurrency limit.

The other options are not effective or may have negative impacts on the latency. Option D is not suitable because increasing the batch size in the Kinesis data stream will increase the amount of data that the Lambda function has to process in each invocation, which may increase the execution time and latency4. Option E is not advisable because turning off the ReportBatchItemFailures setting in the Lambda event source mapping will prevent the Lambda service from retrying the failed records, which may result in data loss. Option F is not necessary because increasing the number of shards in the Kinesis data stream will increase the throughput of the data stream, but it will not affect the processing speed of the Lambda function, which is the bottleneck in this scenario.

1: Using AWS Lambda with Amazon Kinesis Data Streams - AWS Lambda

2: AWS Lambda event source mappings - AWS Lambda

3: Managing concurrency for a Lambda function - AWS Lambda

4: AWS Lambda function scaling - AWS Lambda

AWS Lambda event source mappings - AWS Lambda

Scaling Amazon Kinesis Data Streams with AWS CloudFormation - Amazon Kinesis Data Streams

Question 53

A development team wants to use AWS CloudFormation stacks to deploy an application. However, the developer IAM role does not have the required permissions to provision the resources that are specified in the AWS CloudFormation template. A DevOps engineer needs to implement a solution that allows the developers to deploy the stacks. The solution must follow the principle of least privilege.

Which solution will meet these requirements?

Options:

Create an IAM policy that allows the developers to provision the required resources. Attach the policy to the developer IAM role.

Create an IAM policy that allows full access to AWS CloudFormation. Attach the policy to the developer IAM role.

Create an AWS CloudFormation service role that has the required permissions. Grant the developer IAM role a cloudformation:* action. Use the new service role during stack deployments.

Create an AWS CloudFormation service role that has the required permissions. Grant the developer IAM role the iam:PassRole permission. Use the new service role during stack deployments.

Question 54

A company is storing 100 GB of log data in .csv format in an Amazon S3 bucket. SQL developers want to query this data and generate graphs to visualize it. The SQL developers also need an efficient, automated way to store metadata from the .csv file. Which combination of steps will meet these requirements with the LEAST amount of effort? (Select THREE.)

Options:

Filter the data through AWS X-Ray to visualize the data.

Filter the data through Amazon QuickSight to visualize the data.

Query the data with Amazon Athena.

Use the AWS Glue Data Catalog as the persistent metadata store.

Use Amazon DynamoDB as the persistent metadata store.

Query the data with Amazon Redshift.

Question 55

A company has a mobile application that makes HTTP API calls to an Application Load Balancer (ALB). The ALB routes requests to an AWS Lambda function. Many different versions of the application are in use at any given time, including versions that are in testing by a subset of users. The version of the application is defined in the user-agent header that is sent with all requests to the API.

After a series of recent changes to the API, the company has observed issues with the application. The company needs to gather a metric for each API operation by response code for each version of the application that is in use. A DevOps engineer has modified the Lambda function to extract the API operation name, version information from the user-agent header and response code.

Which additional set of actions should the DevOps engineer take to gather the required metrics?

Options:

Modify the Lambda function to write the API operation name, response code, and version number as a log line to an Amazon CloudWatch Logs log group. Configure a CloudWatch Logs metric filter that increments a metric for each API operation name. Specify response code and application version as dimensions for the metric.

Modify the Lambda function to write the API operation name, response code, and version number as a log line to an Amazon CloudWatch Logs log group. Configure a CloudWatch Logs Insights query to populate CloudWatch metrics from the log lines. Specify response code and application version as dimensions for the metric.

Configure the ALB access logs to write to an Amazon CloudWatch Logs log group. Modify the Lambda function to respond to the ALB with the API operation name, response code, and version number as response metadata. Configure a CloudWatch Logs metric filter that increments a metric for each API operation name. Specify response code and application version as dimensions for the metric.

Configure AWS X-Ray integration on the Lambda function. Modify the Lambda function to create an X-Ray subsegment with the API operation name, response code, and version number. Configure X-Ray insights to extract an aggregated metric for each API operation name and to publish the metric to Amazon CloudWatch. Specify response code and application version as dimensions for the metric.

Question 56

A company has deployed a critical application in two AWS Regions. The application uses an Application Load Balancer (ALB) in both Regions. The company has Amazon Route 53 alias DNS records for both ALBs.

The company uses Amazon Route 53 Application Recovery Controller to ensure that the application can fail over between the two Regions. The Route 53 ARC configuration includes a routing control for both Regions. The company uses Route 53 ARC to perform quarterly disaster recovery (DR) tests.

During the most recent DR test, a DevOps engineer accidentally turned off both routing controls. The company needs to ensure that at least one routing control is turned on at all times.

Which solution will meet these requirements?

Options:

In Route 53 ARC. create a new assertion safety rule. Apply the assertion safety rule to the two routing controls. Configure the rule with the ATLEAST type with a threshold of 1.

In Route 53 ARC, create a new gating safety rule. Apply the assertion safety rule to the two routing controls. Configure the rule with the OR type with a threshold of 1.

In Route 53 ARC, create a new resource set. Configure the resource set with an AWS: Route53: HealthCheck resource type. Specify the ARNs of the two routing controls as the target resource. Create a new readiness check for the resource set.

In Route 53 ARC, create a new resource set. Configure the resource set with an AWS: Route53RecoveryReadiness: DNSTargetResource resource type. Add the domain names of the two Route 53 alias DNS records as the target resource. Create a new readiness check for the resource set.

Question 57

A company is migrating its container-based workloads to an AWS Organizations multi-account environment. The environment consists of application workload accounts that the company uses to deploy and run the containerized workloads. The company has also provisioned a shared services account tor shared workloads in the organization.

The company must follow strict compliance regulations. All container images must receive security scanning before they are deployed to any environment. Images can be consumed by downstream deployment mechanisms after the images pass a scan with no critical vulnerabilities. Pre-scan and post-scan images must be isolated from one another so that a deployment can never use pre-scan images.

A DevOps engineer needs to create a strategy to centralize this process.

Which combination of steps will meet these requirements with the LEAST administrative overhead? (Select TWO.)

Options:

Create Amazon Elastic Container Registry (Amazon ECR) repositories in the shared services account: one repository for each pre-scan image and one repository for each post-scan image. Configure Amazon ECR image scanning to run on new image pushes to the pre-scan repositories. Use resource-based policies to grant the organization write access to the pre-scan repositories and read access to the post-scan repositories.

Create pre-scan Amazon Elastic Container Registry (Amazon ECR) repositories in each account that publishes container images. Create repositories for post-scan images in the shared services account. Configure Amazon ECR image scanning to run on new image pushes to the pre-scan repositories. Use resource-based policies to grant the organization read access to the post-scan repositories.

Configure image replication for each image from the image ' s pre-scan repository to the image ' s post-scan repository.

Create a pipeline in AWS CodePipeline for each pre-scan repository. Create a source stage that runs when new images are pushed to the pre-scan repositories. Create a stage that uses AWS CodeBuild as the action provider. Write a buildspec.yaml definition that determines the image scanning status and pushes images without critical vulnerabilities lo the post-scan repositories.

Create an AWS Lambda function. Create an Amazon EventBridge rule that reacts to image scanning completed events and invokes the Lambda function. Write function code that determines the image scanning status and pushes images without critical vulnerabilities to the post-scan repositories.

Answer:

A, C

Explanation:

 Step 1: Centralizing Image Scanning in a Shared Services Account

The first requirement is to centralize the image scanning process, ensuring pre-scan and post-scan images are stored separately. This can be achieved by creating separate pre-scan and post-scan repositories in the shared services account, with the appropriate resource-based policies to control access.

Action: Create separate ECR repositories for pre-scan and post-scan images in the shared services account. Configure resource-based policies to allow write access to pre-scan repositories and read access to post-scan repositories.

Why: This ensures that images are isolated before and after the scan, following the compliance requirements.

[Reference: AWS documentation on Amazon ECR and resource-based policies., This corresponds to Option A: Create Amazon Elastic Container Registry (Amazon ECR) repositories in the shared services account: one repository for each pre-scan image and one repository for each post-scan image. Configure Amazon ECR image scanning to run on new image pushes to the pre-scan repositories. Use resource-based policies to grant the organization write access to the pre-scan repositories and read access to the post-scan repositories.,  Step 2: Replication between Pre-Scan and Post-Scan RepositoriesTo automate the transfer of images from the pre-scan repositories to the post-scan repositories (after they pass the security scan), you can configure image replication between the two repositories., Action: Set up image replication between the pre-scan and post-scan repositories to move images that have passed the security scan., Why: Replication ensures that only scanned and compliant images are available for deployment, streamlining the process with minimal administrative overhead., Reference: AWS documentation on Amazon ECR image replication., This corresponds to Option C: Configure image replication for each image from the image's pre-scan repository to the image's post-scan repository., , , ]

Question 58

A company has an organization in AWS Organizations. The organization includes workload accounts that contain enterprise applications. The company centrally manages users from an operations account. No users can be created in the workload accounts. The company recently added an operations team and must provide the operations team members with administrator access to each workload account.

Which combination of actions will provide this access? (Choose three.)

Options:

Create a SysAdmin role in the operations account. Attach the AdministratorAccess policy to the role. Modify the trust relationship to allow the sts:AssumeRole action from the workload accounts.

Create a SysAdmin role in each workload account. Attach the AdministratorAccess policy to the role. Modify the trust relationship to allow the sts:AssumeRole action from the operations account.

Create an Amazon Cognito identity pool in the operations account. Attach the SysAdmin role as an authenticated role.

In the operations account, create an IAM user for each operations team member.

In the operations account, create an IAM user group that is named SysAdmins. Add an IAM policy that allows the sts:AssumeRole action for the SysAdmin role in each workload account. Add all operations team members to the group.

Create an Amazon Cognito user pool in the operations account. Create an Amazon Cognito user for each operations team member.

Question 59

A highly regulated company has a policy that DevOps engineers should not log in to their Amazon EC2 instances except in emergencies. It a DevOps engineer does log in the security team must be notified within 15 minutes of the occurrence.

Which solution will meet these requirements ' ?

Options:

Install the Amazon Inspector agent on each EC2 instance Subscribe to Amazon EventBridge notifications Invoke an AWS Lambda function to check if a message is about user logins If it is send a notification to the security team using Amazon SNS.

Install the Amazon CloudWatch agent on each EC2 instance Configure the agent to push all logs to Amazon CloudWatch Logs and set up a CloudWatch metric filter that searches for user logins. If a login is found send a notification to the security team using Amazon SNS.

Set up AWS CloudTrail with Amazon CloudWatch Logs. Subscribe CloudWatch Logs to Amazon Kinesis Attach AWS Lambda to Kinesis to parse and determine if a log contains a user login If it does, send a notification to the security team using Amazon SNS.

Set up a script on each Amazon EC2 instance to push all logs to Amazon S3 Set up an S3 event to invoke an AWS Lambda function which invokes an Amazon Athena query to run. The Athena query checks tor logins and sends the output to the security team using Amazon SNS.

Question 60

A company uses AWS Organizations to manage its AWS accounts. The organization root has a child OU that is named Department. The Department OU has a child OU that is named Engineering. The default FullAWSAccess policy is attached to the root, the Department OU. and the Engineering OU.

The company has many AWS accounts in the Engineering OU. Each account has an administrative 1AM role with the AdmmistratorAccess 1AM policy attached. The default FullAWSAccessPolicy is also attached to each account.

A DevOps engineer plans to remove the FullAWSAccess policy from the Department OU The DevOps engineer will replace the policy with a policy that contains an Allow statement for all Amazon EC2 API operations.

What will happen to the permissions of the administrative 1AM roles as a result of this change ' ?

Options:

All API actions on all resources will be allowed

All API actions on EC2 resources will be allowed. All other API actions will be denied.

All API actions on all resources will be denied

All API actions on EC2 resources will be denied. All other API actions will be allowed.

Question 61

A DevOps engineer at a company is supporting an AWS environment in which all users use AWS IAM Identity Center (AWS Single Sign-On). The company wants to immediately disable credentials of any new IAM user and wants the security team to receive a notification.

Which combination of steps should the DevOps engineer take to meet these requirements? (Choose three.)

Options:

Create an Amazon EventBridge rule that reacts to an IAM CreateUser API call in AWS CloudTrail.

Create an Amazon EventBridge rule that reacts to an IAM GetLoginProfile API call in AWS CloudTrail.

Create an AWS Lambda function that is a target of the EventBridge rule. Configure the Lambda function to disable any access keys and delete the login profiles that are associated with the IAM user.

Create an AWS Lambda function that is a target of the EventBridge rule. Configure the Lambda function to delete the login profiles that are associated with the IAM user.

Create an Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS) topic that is a target of the EventBridge rule. Subscribe the security team ' s group email address to the topic.

Create an Amazon Simple Queue Service (Amazon SQS) queue that is a target of the Lambda function. Subscribe the security team ' s group email address to the queue.

Question 62

A company deployed an Amazon CloudFront distribution that accepts requests and routes to an Amazon API Gateway HTTP API. During a recent security audit, the company discovered that requests from the internet could reach the HTTP API without using the CloudFront distribution.

A DevOps engineer must ensure that connections to the HTTP API use the CloudFront distribution.

Which solution will meet these requirements?

Options:

Enable VPC Flow Logs to identify requests that reach the HTTP API.

Deploy AWS WAF in front of the CloudFront distribution.

Implement an identity-based policy on the CloudFront distribution that requires authentication to make requests to the HTTP API.

Implement a custom header in the CloudFront distribution. Implement an AWS Lambda authorizer associated with the HTTP API that verifies the custom header.

Question 63

A DevOps team manages infrastructure for an application. The application uses long-running processes to process items from an Amazon Simple Queue Service (Amazon SQS) queue. The application is deployed to an Auto Scaling group.

The application recently experienced an issue where items were taking significantly longer to process. The queue exceeded the expected size, which prevented various business processes from functioning properly. The application records all logs to a third-party tool.

The team is currently subscribed to an Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS) topic that the team uses for alerts. The team needs to be alerted if the queue exceeds the expected size.

Which solution will meet these requirements with the MOST operational efficiency?

Options:

Create an Amazon CloudWatch metric alarm with a period of 1 hour and a static threshold to alarm if the average of the ApproximateNumberOfMessagesDelayed metric is greater than the expected value. Configure the alarm to notify the SNS topic.

Create an Amazon CloudWatch metric alarm with a period of 1 hour and a static threshold to alarm if the sum of the ApproximateNumberOfMessagesVisible metric is greater than the expected value. Configure the alarm to notify the SNS topic.

Create an AWS Lambda function that retrieves the ApproximateNumberOfMessages SQS queue attribute value and publishes it as a new CloudWatch custom metric. Create an Amazon EventBridge rule that is scheduled to run every 5 minutes and that invokes the Lambda function. Configure a CloudWatch metrics alarm with a period of 1 hour and a static threshold to alarm if the sum of the new custom metric is greater than the expected value.

Create an AWS Lambda function that checks the ApproximateNumberOfMessagesDelayed SQS queue attribute and compares the value to a defined expected size in the function. Create an Amazon EventBridge rule that is scheduled to run every 5 minutes and that invokes the Lambda function. When the ApproximateNumberOfMessagesDelayed SQS queue attribute exceeds the expected size, send a notification the SNS topic.

Answer:

Explanation:

The Amazon SQS service publishes several standard CloudWatch metrics by default, including ApproximateNumberOfMessagesVisible, which represents the number of messages available for retrieval from the queue (i.e., the number of messages waiting to be processed). This is the primary metric to monitor queue backlog and processing delays.

Using ApproximateNumberOfMessagesVisible to monitor the visible messages in the queue gives a direct and near real-time indication of processing delays or backlog.

CloudWatch metrics are automatically collected and available without the need to create custom metrics or Lambda functions, which increases operational efficiency by reducing complexity and maintenance overhead.

Setting a CloudWatch alarm on this metric with a static threshold and a reasonable evaluation period (such as 1 hour) is sufficient to alert the team when the queue grows beyond an expected size.

The alarm can be directly configured to send notifications to an existing SNS topic, maintaining seamless integration with the team’s alerting mechanisms.

The ApproximateNumberOfMessagesDelayed metric refers to messages that are delayed and not available for processing yet due to delay settings, which is not the direct backlog that causes business process delays.

Options C and D introduce unnecessary complexity by requiring Lambda functions and custom metrics or scheduled invocations, which reduce operational efficiency compared to using built-in CloudWatch metrics and alarms.

Reference from AWS Official Documentation and Study Guide:

Amazon SQS Monitoring with CloudWatch Metrics: " Amazon SQS automatically sends metrics to CloudWatch, including ApproximateNumberOfMessagesVisible, which shows the number of messages available for retrieval. " (Source: Amazon SQS Monitoring - AWS Documentation)

Setting CloudWatch Alarms for SQS Queues: " You can create CloudWatch alarms on SQS metrics such as ApproximateNumberOfMessagesVisible to receive notifications when the queue size exceeds a threshold. " (Source: Amazon CloudWatch Alarms - AWS Documentation)

AWS DevOps Engineer Professional Exam Guide: " Efficient alerting for queue backlogs should leverage native CloudWatch metrics to minimize operational overhead. " (Source: Official AWS Certified DevOps Engineer Professional Study Guide)

Question 64

A company has an application that includes AWS Lambda functions. The Lambda functions run Python code that is stored in an AWS CodeCommit repository. The company has recently experienced failures in the production environment because of an error in the Python code. An engineer has written unit tests for the Lambda functions to help avoid releasing any future defects into the production environment.

The company ' s DevOps team needs to implement a solution to integrate the unit tests into an existing AWS CodePipeline pipeline. The solution must produce reports about the unit tests for the company to view.

Which solution will meet these requirements?

Options:

Associate the CodeCommit repository with Amazon CodeGuru Reviewer. Create a new AWS CodeBuild project. In the CodePipeline pipeline, configure a test stage that uses the new CodeBuild project. Create a buildspec.yml file in the CodeCommit repository. In the buildspec.yml file, define the actions to run a CodeGuru review.

Create a new AWS CodeBuild project. In the CodePipeline pipeline, configure a test stage that uses the new CodeBuild project. Create a CodeBuild report group. Create a buildspec.yml file in the CodeCommit repository. In the buildspec.yml file, define the actions to run the unit tests with an output of JUNITXML in the build phase section. Configure the test reports to be uploaded to the new CodeBuild report group.

Create a new AWS CodeArtifact repository. Create a new AWS CodeBuild project. In the CodePipeline pipeline, configure a test stage that uses the new CodeBuild project. Create an appspec.yml file in the original CodeCommit repository. In the appspec.yml file, define the actions to run the unit tests with an output of CUCUMBERJSON in the build phase section. Configure the tests reports to be sent to the new CodeArtifact repository.

Create a new AWS CodeBuild project. In the CodePipeline pipeline, configure a test stage that uses the new CodeBuild project. Create a new Amazon S3 bucket. Create a buildspec.yml file in the CodeCommit repository. In the buildspec.yml file, define the actions to run the unit tests with an output of HTML in the phases section. In the reports section, upload the test reports to the S3 bucket.

Question 65

A company uses an organization in AWS Organizations that has all features enabled to manage multiple AWS accounts. The company has enabled AWS Config in all accounts. The company requires developers to create AWS CloudFormation stacks in a new AWS account to test features for a new application that the developers are building.

The company wants to ensure that the developers can use only approved Amazon EC2 instance types for the application.

Which solution will meet these requirements?

Options:

Create an AWS Lambda function that returns SUCCESS when the EC2 instance type property matches a value from a list of approved instance types. Activate a CloudFormation Guard Hook in the new AWS account to run the Lambda function.

Create an AWS Config rule that uses the desired-instance-type rule in the new AWS account. Provide the list of approved instance types in the rule configuration. Create a remediation for the AWS Config rule that uses the AWS-StopEC2Instance remediation action.

Create an SCP that includes a Deny effect for ec2:RunInstances when the ec2:InstanceType property does not match a value from a list of approved instance types. Attach the SCP to the root of the organization.

Create a CloudFormation Guard rule to ensure that the EC2 instance type matches a value from a list of approved instance types. Activate a Guard Hook in the new AWS account to run the Guard rule.

Question 66

A company uses a series of individual Amazon Cloud Formation templates to deploy its multi-Region Applications. These templates must be deployed in a specific order. The company is making more changes to the templates than previously expected and wants to deploy new templates more efficiently. Additionally, the data engineering team must be notified of all changes to the templates.

What should the company do to accomplish these goals?

Options:

Create an AWS Lambda function to deploy the Cloud Formation templates m the required order Use stack policies to alert the data engineering team.

Host the Cloud Formation templates in Amazon S3 Use Amazon S3 events to directly trigger CloudFormation updates and Amazon SNS notifications.

Implement CloudFormation StackSets and use drift detection to trigger update alerts to the data engineering team.

Leverage CloudFormation nested stacks and stack sets (or deployments Use Amazon SNS to notify the data engineering team.

Question 67

A DevOps engineer needs to configure an AWS CodePipeline pipeline that publishes container images to an Amazon Elastic Container Registry (Amazon ECR) repository. The pipeline must wait for the previous run to finish and must run when new Git tags are pushed to a Git repository that is connected to AWS CodeConnections. An existing deployment pipeline needs to run in response to the publication of new container images.

Which solution will meet these requirements?

Options:

Configure a CodePipeline V2 type pipeline that uses QUEUED mode. Add a trigger filter to the pipeline definition that includes all tags. Configure an Amazon EventBridge rule that matches container image pushes to start the existing deployment pipeline.

Configure a CodePipeline V2 type pipeline that uses SUPERSEDED mode. Add a trigger filter to the pipeline definition that includes all branches. Configure an Amazon EventBridge rule that matches container image pushes to start the existing deployment pipeline.

Configure a CodePipeline V1 type pipeline that uses SUPERSEDED mode. Add a trigger filter to the pipeline definition that includes all tags. Add a stage at the end of the pipeline to invoke the existing deployment pipeline.

Configure a CodePipeline V1 type pipeline that uses QUEUED mode. Add a trigger filter to the pipeline definition that includes all branches. Add a stage at the end of the pipeline to invoke the existing deployment pipeline.

Question 68

A company configured an Amazon S3 event source for an AWS Lambda function. The company needs the Lambda function to run when a new object is created or an existing object is modified in a specific S3 bucket. The Lambda function will use the S3 bucket name and the S3 object key of the incoming event to read the contents of the new or modified S3 object. The Lambda function will parse the contents and save the parsed contents to an Amazon DynamoDB table.

The Lambda function ' s execution role has permissions to ' eari from the S3 bucket and to Write to the DynamoDB table. During testing, a DevOpS engineer discovers that the Lambda fund on does rot run when objects are added to the S3 bucket or when existing objects are modified.

Which solution will resolve these problems?

Options:

Create an S3 bucket policy for the S3 bucket that grants the S3 bucket permission to invoke the Lambda function.

Create a resource policy for the Lambda function to grant Amazon S3 permission to invoke the Lambda function on the S3 bucket.

Configure an Amazon Simple Queue Service (Amazon SQS) queue as an OnFailure destination for the Lambda function. Update the Lambda function to process messages from the SQS queue and the S3 event notifications.

Configure an Amazon Simple Queue Service (Amazon SQS) queue as the destination for the S3 bucket event notifications. Update the Lambda function ' s execution role to have permission to read from the SQS queue. Update the Lambda function to consume messages from the SQS queue.

Question 69

A DevOps administrator is responsible for managing the security of a company ' s Amazon CloudWatch Logs log groups. The company’s security policy states that employee IDs must not be visible in logs except by authorized personnel. Employee IDs follow the pattern of Emp-XXXXXX, where each X is a digit.

An audit discovered that employee IDs are found in a single log file. The log file is available to engineers, but the engineers are not authorized to view employee IDs. Engineers currently have an AWS IAM Identity Center permission that allows logs:* on all resources in the account.

The administrator must mask the employee ID so that new log entries that contain the employee ID are not visible to unauthorized personnel.

Which solution will meet these requirements with the MOST operational efficiency?

Options:

Create a new data protection policy on the log group. Add an Emp-\d{6} custom data identifier configuration. Create an IAM policy that has a Deny action for the " Action " : " logs:Unmask " permission on the resource. Attach the policy to the engineering accounts.

Create a new data protection policy on the log group. Add managed data identifiers for the personal data category. Create an IAM policy that has a Deny action for the " NotAction " : " logs:Unmask " permission on the resource. Attach the policy to the engineering accounts.

Create an AWS Lambda function to parse a log file entry, remove the employee ID, and write the results to a new log file. Create a Lambda subscription filter on the log group and select the Lambda function. Grant the lambda:InvokeFunction permission to the log group.

Create an Amazon Data Firehose delivery stream that has an Amazon S3 bucket as the destination. Create a Firehose subscription filter on the log group that uses the Firehose delivery stream. Remove the " logs:* " permission on the engineering accounts. Create an Amazon Macie job on the S3 bucket that has an Emp-\d{6} custom identifier.

Question 70

A software team is using AWS CodePipeline to automate its Java application release pipeline The pipeline consists of a source stage, then a build stage, and then a deploy stage. Each stage contains a single action that has a runOrder value of 1.

The team wants to integrate unit tests into the existing release pipeline. The team needs a solution that deploys only the code changes that pass all unit tests.

Which solution will meet these requirements?

Options:

Modify the build stage. Add a test action that has a runOrder value of 1. Use AWS CodeDeploy as the action provider to run unit tests.

Modify the build stage Add a test action that has a runOrder value of 2 Use AWS CodeBuild as the action provider to run unit tests

Modify the deploy stage Add a test action that has a runOrder value of 1 Use AWS CodeDeploy as the action provider to run unit tests

Modify the deploy stage Add a test action that has a runOrder value of 2 Use AWS CodeBuild as the action provider to run unit tests

Question 71

A DevOps engineer is planning to use the AWS Cloud Development Kit (AWS CDK) to manage infrastructure as code (IaC) for a microservices-based application. The DevOps engineer must create reusable components for common infrastructure patterns and must apply the same cost allocation tags across different microservices.

Which solution will meet these requirements?

Options:

Create a custom CDK construct library that includes common infrastructure patterns. Create a CDK app. Use the TagManager class to add cost allocation tags to the whole app. Use the custom CDK construct library to write a higher-level construct that contains all the microservices. Deploy the microservices as a single CDK stack with environment-specific configurations.

Create a custom CDK construct library that includes common infrastructure patterns. Create a CDK app. Use the Tags class to add cost allocation tags to the whole app. Use the custom CDK construct library to write higher-level constructs for each microservice. Deploy the microservices as separate CDK stacks with environment-specific configurations.

Create AWS Service Catalog products that contain common infrastructure components. Create a CDK app. Use the TagManager class to add cost allocation tags to the whole app. Use the Service Catalog products to write a higher-level construct that contains all the microservices. Deploy the microservices as a single CDK stack with environment-specific configurations.

Create AWS Service Catalog products that contain common infrastructure components. Create a CDK app. Use the Tags class to add cost allocation tags to the whole app. Use the Service Catalog products to write higher-level constructs for each microservice. Deploy the microservices as separate CDK stacks with environment-specific configurations.

Question 72

A company uses an organization in AWS Organizations to manage multiple AWS accounts. The company needs a solution to detect sensitive information in Amazon S3 buckets in all the company’s accounts. When the solution detects sensitive data, the solution must collect all the findings and make them available to the company’s security officer in a single location. The solution must move S3 objects that contain sensitive information to a quarantine S3 bucket.

Which solutions will meet these requirements with the LEAST operational overhead? (Select TWO.)

Options:

Enable AWS Security Hub in the organization. Enable Amazon Macie for all the accounts in the organization. Configure Macie to send findings to Security Hub.

Create an AWS Service Catalog product to provision S3 buckets. Configure Service Catalog to create a new S3 bucket. Configure S3 Event Notifications to send ObjectCreated events to an Amazon Simple Queue Service (Amazon SQS) queue.

Create an AWS Lambda function to copy S3 objects from S3 buckets to a dedicated quarantine bucket. Configure the Lambda function to delete copied objects from the original buckets. Configure an Amazon EventBridge rule to invoke the Lambda function in response to sensitive information findings from Amazon Macie.

Configure an AWS Lambda function to run when new objects are created or when existing objects are updated. Configure the Lambda function to determine whether objects contain sensitive data. Configure the function to move objects that contain sensitive data to a quarantine bucket and to delete the original objects.

Configure SCPs to prevent the creation of S3 buckets and objects that contain suspected sensitive data. Configure the SCPs to move objects that are suspected to contain sensitive data to a dedicated quarantine S3 bucket.

Question 73

A company is running its ecommerce website on AWS. The website is currently hosted on a single Amazon EC2 instance in one Availability Zone. A MySQL database runs on the same EC2 instance. The company needs to eliminate single points of failure in the architecture to improve the website ' s availability and resilience. Which solution will meet these requirements with the LEAST configuration changes to the website?

Options:

Deploy the application by using AWS Fargate containers. Migrate the database to Amazon DynamoDB. Use Amazon API Gateway to route requests.

Deploy the application on EC2 instances across multiple Availability Zones. Put the EC2 instances into an Auto Scaling group behind an Application Load Balancer. Migrate the database to Amazon Aurora Multi-AZ. Use Amazon CloudFront for content delivery.

Use AWS Elastic Beanstalk to deploy the application across multiple AWS Regions. Migrate the database to Amazon Redshift. Use Amazon ElastiCache for session management.

Migrate the application to AWS Lambda functions. Use Amazon S3 for static content hosting. Migrate the database to Amazon DocumentDB (with MongoDB compatibility).

Question 74

A company has a single AWS account that runs hundreds of Amazon EC2 instances in a single AWS Region. New EC2 instances are launched and terminated each hour in the account. The account also includes existing EC2 instances that have been running for longer than a week.

The company ' s security policy requires all running EC2 instances to use an EC2 instance profile. If an EC2 instance does not have an instance profile attached, the EC2 instance must use a default instance profile that has no IAM permissions assigned.

A DevOps engineer reviews the account and discovers EC2 instances that are running without an instance profile. During the review, the DevOps engineer also observes that new EC2 instances are being launched without an instance profile.

Which solution will ensure that an instance profile is attached to all existing and future EC2 instances in the Region?

Options:

Configure an Amazon EventBridge rule that reacts to EC2 RunInstances API calls. Configure the rule to invoke an AWS Lambda function to attach the default instance profile to the EC2 instances.

Configure the ec2-instance-profile-attached AWS Config managed rule with a trigger type of configuration changes. Configure an automatic remediation action that invokes an AWS Systems Manager Automation runbook to attach the default instance profile to the EC2 instances.

Configure an Amazon EventBridge rule that reacts to EC2 StartInstances API calls. Configure the rule to invoke an AWS Systems Manager Automation runbook to attach the default instance profile to the EC2 instances.

Configure the iam-role-managed-policy-check AWS Config managed rule with a trigger type of configuration changes. Configure an automatic remediation action that invokes an AWS Lambda function to attach the default instance profile to the EC2 instances.

Question 75

A company is examining its disaster recovery capability and wants the ability to switch over its daily operations to a secondary AWS Region. The company uses AWS CodeCommit as a source control tool in the primary Region.

A DevOps engineer must provide the capability for the company to develop code in the secondary Region. If the company needs to use the secondary Region, developers can add an additional remote URL to their local Git configuration.

Which solution will meet these requirements?

Options:

Create a CodeCommit repository in the secondary Region. Create an AWS CodeBuild project to perform a Git mirror operation of the primary Region ' s CodeCommit repository to the secondary Region ' s CodeCommit repository. Create an AWS Lambda function that invokes the CodeBuild project. Create an Amazon EventBridge rule that reacts to merge events in the primary Region ' s CodeCommit repository. Configure the EventBridge rule to invoke the L

Create an Amazon S3 bucket in the secondary Region. Create an AWS Fargate task to perform a Git mirror operation of the primary Region ' s CodeCommit repository and copy the result to the S3 bucket. Create an AWS Lambda function that initiates the Fargate task. Create an Amazon EventBridge rule that reacts to merge events in the CodeCommit repository. Configure the EventBridge rule to invoke the Lambda function.

Create an AWS CodeArtifact repository in the secondary Region. Create an AWS CodePipeline pipeline that uses the primary Region ' s CodeCommit repository for the source action. Create a Cross-Region stage in the pipeline that packages the CodeCommit repository contents and stores the contents in the CodeArtifact repository when a pull request is merged into the CodeCommit repository.

Create an AWS Cloud9 environment and a CodeCommit repository in the secondary Region. Configure the primary Region ' s CodeCommit repository as a remote repository in the AWS Cloud9 environment. Connect the secondary Region ' s CodeCommit repository to the AWS Cloud9 environment.

Question 76

A media company has several thousand Amazon EC2 instances in an AWS account. The company is using Slack and a shared email inbox for team communications and important updates. A DevOps engineer needs to send all AWS-scheduled EC2 maintenance notifications to the Slack channel and the shared inbox. The solution must include the instances ' Name and Owner tags.

Which solution will meet these requirements?

Options:

Integrate AWS Trusted Advisor with AWS Config Configure a custom AWS Config rule to invoke an AWS Lambda function to publish notifications to an Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS) topic Subscribe a Slack channel endpoint and the shared inbox to the topic.

Use Amazon EventBridge to monitor for AWS Health Events Configure the maintenance events to target an Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS) topic Subscribe an AWS Lambda function to the SNS topic to send notifications to the Slack channel and the shared inbox.

Create an AWS Lambda function that sends EC2 maintenance notifications to the Slack channel and the shared inbox Monitor EC2 health events by using Amazon CloudWatch metrics Configure a CloudWatch alarm that invokes the Lambda function when a maintenance notification is received.

Configure AWS Support integration with AWS CloudTrail Create a CloudTrail lookup event to invoke an AWS Lambda function to pass EC2 maintenance notifications to Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS) Configure Amazon SNS to target the Slack channel and the shared inbox.

Question 77

A company uses AWS Organizations with CloudTrail trusted access. All events across accounts and Regions must be logged and retained in an audit account, and failed login attempts should trigger real-time notifications.

Which solution meets these requirements?

Options:

Publish CloudTrail logs to S3 in the audit account. Create an EventBridge rule for failed login events and notify via SNS.

Store logs in the management account and query using Athena + Lambda every 5 minutes.

Store logs in audit S3 + CloudWatch log group in management account + metric filter for failed logins → SNS.

Stream to Kinesis → Flink → SNS.

Question 78

A company runs an application on an Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service (Amazon EKS) cluster in the company ' s primary AWS Region and secondary Region. The company uses Auto Scaling groups to distribute each EKS cluster’s worker nodes across multiple Availability Zones. Both EKS clusters also have an Application Load Balancer (ALB) to distribute incoming traffic.

The company wants to deploy a new stateless application to its infrastructure. The company requires a multi-Region, fault tolerant solution.

Which solution will meet these requirements?

Options:

Deploy the new application to both EKS clusters. Create Amazon Route 53 records with health checks for both ALBs. Use a failover routing policy. Implement Kubernetes readiness and liveness probes.

Deploy the new application to the EKS cluster in the primary Region. Create Amazon Route 53 records with health checks for the primary Region ALB. Use a simple routing policy.

Deploy the new application to both EKS clusters. Create Amazon Route 53 records with a weighted routing policy that evenly splits traffic between both ALBs. Implement Kubernetes readiness and liveness probes.

Deploy the new application to the EKS cluster in the primary Region. Create Amazon Route 53 records with health checks for the primary Region ALB. Use a failover routing policy.

Question 79

A company is developing a new application. The application uses AWS Lambda functions for its compute tier. The company must use a canary deployment for any changes to the Lambda functions. Automated rollback must occur if any failures are reported.

The company’s DevOps team needs to create the infrastructure as code (IaC) and the CI/CD pipeline for this solution.

Which combination of steps will meet these requirements? (Choose three.)

Options:

Create an AWS CloudFormation template for the application. Define each Lambda function in the template by using the AWS::Lambda::Function resource type. In the template, include a version for the Lambda function by using the AWS::Lambda::Version resource type. Declare the CodeSha256 property. Configure an AWS::Lambda::Alias resource that references the latest version of the Lambda function.

Create an AWS Serverless Application Model (AWS SAM) template for the application. Define each Lambda function in the template by using the AWS::Serverless::Function resource type. For each function, include configurations for the AutoPublishAlias property and the DeploymentPreference property. Configure the deployment configuration type to LambdaCanary10Percent10Minutes.

Create an AWS CodeCommit repository. Create an AWS CodePipeline pipeline. Use the CodeCommit repository in a new source stage that starts the pipeline. Create an AWS CodeBuild project to deploy the AWS Serverless Application Model (AWS SAM) template. Upload the template and source code to the CodeCommit repository. In the CodeCommit repository, create a buildspec.yml file that includes the commands to build and deploy the SAM application.

Create an AWS CodeCommit repository. Create an AWS CodePipeline pipeline. Use the CodeCommit repository in a new source stage that starts the pipeline. Create an AWS CodeDeploy deployment group that is configured for canary deployments with a DeploymentPreference type of Canary10Percent10Minutes. Upload the AWS CloudFormation template and source code to the CodeCommit repository. In the CodeCommit repository, create an appspec.yml file that

Create an Amazon CloudWatch composite alarm for all the Lambda functions. Configure an evaluation period and dimensions for Lambda. Configure the alarm to enter the ALARM state if any errors are detected or if there is insufficient data.

Answer:

B, C, F

Explanation:

The requirement is to create the infrastructure as code (IaC) and the CI/CD pipeline for the Lambda application that uses canary deployment and automated rollback. To do this, the DevOps team needs to use the following steps:

Create an AWS Serverless Application Model (AWS SAM) template for the application. AWS SAM is a framework that simplifies the development and deployment of serverless applications on AWS. AWS SAM allows customers to define Lambda functions and other resources in a template by using a simplified syntax. For each Lambda function, the DevOps team can include configurations for the AutoPublishAlias property and the DeploymentPreference property. The AutoPublishAlias property specifies the name of the alias that points to the latest version of the function. The DeploymentPreference property specifies how CodeDeploy deploys new versions of the function. By configuring the deployment configuration type to LambdaCanary10Percent10Minutes, the DevOps team can enable canary deployment with 10% of traffic shifted to the new version every 10 minutes.

Create an AWS CodeCommit repository. Create an AWS CodePipeline pipeline. Use the CodeCommit repository in a new source stage that starts the pipeline. Create an AWS CodeBuild project to deploy the AWS SAM template. CodeCommit is a fully managed source control service that hosts Git repositories. CodePipeline is a fully managed continuous delivery service that automates the release process of software applications. CodeBuild is a fully managed continuous integration service that compiles source code and runs tests. By using these services, the DevOps team can create a CI/CD pipeline for the Lambda application. The pipeline should use the CodeCommit repository as the source stage, where the DevOps team can upload the SAM template and source code. The pipeline should also use a CodeBuild project as the build stage, where the SAM template can be built and deployed.

Create an Amazon CloudWatch alarm for each Lambda function. Configure the alarms to enter the ALARM state if any errors are detected. Configure an evaluation period, dimensions for each Lambda function and version, and the namespace as AWS/Lambda on the Errors metric. CloudWatch is a service that monitors and collects metrics from AWS resources and applications. CloudWatch alarms are actions that are triggered when a metric crosses a specified threshold. By creating CloudWatch alarms for each Lambda function, the DevOps team can monitor the health and performance of each function version during deployment. By configuring the alarms to enter the ALARM state if any errors are detected, the DevOps team can enable automated rollback if any failures are reported.

Question 80

A company runs an application on Amazon EC2 instances. The company uses a series of AWS CloudFormation stacks to define the application resources. A developer performs updates by building and testing the application on a laptop and then uploading the build output and CloudFormation stack templates to Amazon S3. The developer ' s peers review the changes before the developer performs the CloudFormation stack update and installs a new version of the application onto the EC2 instances.

The deployment process is prone to errors and is time-consuming when the developer updates each EC2 instance with the new application. The company wants to automate as much of the application deployment process as possible while retaining a final manual approval step before the modification of the application or resources.

The company already has moved the source code for the application and the CloudFormation templates to AWS CodeCommit. The company also has created an AWS CodeBuild project to build and test the application.

Which combination of steps will meet the company’s requirements? (Choose two.)

Options:

Create an application group and a deployment group in AWS CodeDeploy. Install the CodeDeploy agent on the EC2 instances.

Create an application revision and a deployment group in AWS CodeDeploy. Create an environment in CodeDeploy. Register the EC2 instances to the CodeDeploy environment.

Use AWS CodePipeline to invoke the CodeBuild job, run the CloudFormation update, and pause for a manual approval step. After approval, start the AWS CodeDeploy deployment.

Use AWS CodePipeline to invoke the CodeBuild job, create CloudFormation change sets for each of the application stacks, and pause for a manual approval step. After approval, run the CloudFormation change sets and start the AWS CodeDeploy deployment.

Use AWS CodePipeline to invoke the CodeBuild job, create CloudFormation change sets for each of the application stacks, and pause for a manual approval step. After approval, start the AWS CodeDeploy deployment.

Question 81

A DevOps engineer is researching the least expensive way to implement an image batch processing cluster on AWS. The application cannot run in Docker containers and must run on Amazon EC2. The batch job stores checkpoint data on an NFS volume and can tolerate interruptions. Configuring the cluster software from a generic EC2 Linux image takes 30 minutes.

What is the MOST cost-effective solution?

Options:

Use Amazon EFS (or checkpoint data. To complete the job, use an EC2 Auto Scaling group and an On-Demand pricing model to provision EC2 instances temporally.

Use GlusterFS on EC2 instances for checkpoint data. To run the batch job configure EC2 instances manually When the job completes shut down the instances manually.

Use Amazon EFS for checkpoint data Use EC2 Fleet to launch EC2 Spot Instances and utilize user data to configure the EC2 Linux instance on startup.

Use Amazon EFS for checkpoint data Use EC2 Fleet to launch EC2 Spot Instances Create a custom AMI for the cluster and use the latest AMI when creating instances.

Question 82

A DevOps engineer needs to implement a solution to install antivirus software on all the Amazon EC2 instances in an AWS account. The EC2 instances run the most recent version of Amazon Linux .

The solution must detect all instances and must use an AWS Systems Manager document to install the software if the software is not present.

Which solution will meet these requirements?

Options:

Create an association in Systems Manager State Manager . Target all the managed nodes. Include the software in the association. Configure the association to use the Systems Manager document.

Set up AWS Config to record all the resources in the account. Create an AWS Config custom rule to determine if the software is installed on all the EC2 instances. Configure an automatic remediation action that uses the Systems Manager document for noncompliant EC2 instances.

Activate Amazon EC2 scanning on Amazon Inspector to determine if the software is installed on all the EC2 instances. Associate the findings with the Systems Manager document.

Create an Amazon EventBridge rule that uses AWS CloudTrail to detect the RunInstances API call. Configure inventory collection in Systems Manager Inventory to determine if the software is installed on the EC2 instances. Associate the Systems Manager Inventory with the Systems Manager document.

Question 83

A company is hosting a static website from an Amazon S3 bucket. The website is available to customers at example.com. The company uses an Amazon Route 53 weighted routing policy with a TTL of 1 day. The company has decided to replace the existing static website with a dynamic web application. The dynamic web application uses an Application Load Balancer (ALB) in front of a fleet of Amazon EC2 instances.

On the day of production launch to customers, the company creates an additional Route 53 weighted DNS record entry that points to the ALB with a weight of 255 and a TTL of 1 hour. Two days later, a DevOps engineer notices that the previous static website is displayed sometimes when customers navigate to example.com.

How can the DevOps engineer ensure that the company serves only dynamic content for example.com?

Options:

Delete all objects, including previous versions, from the S3 bucket that contains the static website content.

Update the weighted DNS record entry that points to the S3 bucket. Apply a weight of 0. Specify the domain reset option to propagate changes immediately.

Configure webpage redirect requests on the S3 bucket with a hostname that redirects to the ALB.

Remove the weighted DNS record entry that points to the S3 bucket from the example.com hosted zone. Wait for DNS propagation to become complete.

Question 84

A company is building a web application on AWS. The application uses AWS CodeConnections to access a Git repository. The company sets up a pipeline in AWS CodePipeline that automatically builds and deploys the application to a staging environment when the company pushes code to the main branch. Bugs and integration issues sometimes occur in the main branch because there is no automated testing integrated into the pipeline.

The company wants to automatically run tests when code merges occur in the Git repository and to prevent deployments from reaching the staging environment if any test fails. Tests can run up to 20 minutes. Which solution will meet these requirements?

Options:

Add an AWS CodeBuild action to the pipeline. Add a buildspec.yml file to the Git repository to define commands to run tests. Configure the pipeline to stop the deployment if a test fails.

Configure Git webhooks to initiate an AWS Lambda function during each code merge. Configure the Lambda function to run tests programmatically and to stop the pipeline if a test fails.

Configure AWS Batch to use Docker images of test environments. Integrate AWS Batch into the pipeline. Add an AWS Lambda function to the pipeline that submits the batch jobs and reverts the code merge if a test fails.

Configure the Git repository to push code to an Amazon S3 bucket during each code merge. Use S3 Event Notifications to initiate tests and to revert the code merge if a test fails.

Question 85

A DevOps engineer notices that all Amazon EC2 instances running behind an Application Load Balancer in an Auto Scaling group are failing to respond to user requests. The EC2 instances are also failing target group HTTP health checks

Upon inspection, the engineer notices the application process was not running in any EC2 instances. There are a significant number of out of memory messages in the system logs. The engineer needs to improve the resilience of the application to cope with a potential application memory leak. Monitoring and notifications should be enabled to alert when there is an issue

Which combination of actions will meet these requirements? (Select TWO.)

Options:

Change the Auto Scaling configuration to replace the instances when they fail the load balancer ' s health checks.

Change the target group health check HealthChecklntervalSeconds parameter to reduce the interval between health checks.

Change the target group health checks from HTTP to TCP to check if the port where the application is listening is reachable.

Enable the available memory consumption metric within the Amazon CloudWatch dashboard for the entire Auto Scaling group Create an alarm when the memory utilization is high Associate an Amazon SNS topic to the alarm to receive notifications when the alarm goes off

Use the Amazon CloudWatch agent to collect the memory utilization of the EC2 instances in the Auto Scaling group Create an alarm when the memory utilization is high and associate an Amazon SNS topic to receive a notification.

Question 86

A company uses the AWS Cloud Development Kit (AWS CDK) to define its application. The company uses a pipeline that consists of AWS CodePipeline and AWS CodeBuild to deploy the CDK application. The company wants to introduce unit tests to the pipeline to test various infrastructure components. The company wants to ensure that a deployment proceeds if no unit tests result in a failure.

Which combination of steps will enforce the testing requirement in the pipeline? (Select TWO.)

Options:

Update the CodeBuild build phase commands to run the tests then to deploy the application. Set the OnFailure phase property to ABORT.

Update the CodeBuild build phase commands to run the tests then to deploy the application. Add the --rollback true flag to the cdk deploy command.

Update the CodeBuild build phase commands to run the tests then to deploy the application. Add the --require-approval any-change flag to the cdk deploy command.

Create a test that uses the AWS CDK assertions module. Use the template.hasResourceProperties assertion to test that resources have the expected properties.

Create a test that uses the cdk diff command. Configure the test to fail if any resources have changed.

Question 87

A company runs a website by using an Amazon Elastic Container Service (Amazon ECS) service that is connected to an Application Load Balancer (ALB). The service was in a steady state with tasks responding to requests successfully. A DevOps engineer updated the task definition with a new container image and deployed the new task definition to the service. The DevOps engineer noticed that the service is frequently stopping and starting new tasks because the ALB health checks are failing. What should the DevOps engineer do to troubleshoot the failed deployment?

Options:

Ensure that a security group associated with the service allows traffic from the ALB.

Increase the ALB health check grace period for the service.

Increase the service minimum healthy percent setting.

Decrease the ALB health check interval.

Question 88

A DevOps engineer manages a company ' s Amazon Elastic Container Service (Amazon ECS) cluster. The cluster runs on several Amazon EC2 instances that are in an Auto Scaling group. The DevOps

engineer must implement a solution that logs and reviews all stopped tasks for errors.

Which solution will meet these requirements?

Options:

Create an Amazon EventBridge rule to capture task state changes. Send the event to Amazon CloudWatch Logs. Use CloudWatch Logs Insights to investigate stopped tasks.

Configure tasks to write log data in the embedded metric format. Store the logs in Amazon CloudWatch Logs. Monitor the ContainerInstanceCount metric for changes.

Configure the EC2 instances to store logs in Amazon CloudWatch Logs. Create a CloudWatch Contributor Insights rule that uses the EC2 instance log data. Use the Contributor Insights rule to investigate stopped tasks.

Configure an EC2 Auto Scaling lifecycle hook for the EC2_INSTANCE_TERMINATING scale-in event. Write the SystemEventLog file to Amazon S3. Use Amazon Athena to query the log file for errors.

Question 89

A company runs several applications in the same AWS account. The applications send logs to Amazon CloudWatch.

A data analytics team needs to collect performance metrics and custom metrics from the applications. The analytics team needs to transform the metrics data before storing the data in an Amazon S3 bucket. The analytics team must automatically collect any new metrics that are added to the CloudWatch namespace.

Which solution will meet these requirements with the LEAST operational overhead?

Options:

Configure a CloudWatch metric stream to include metrics from the application and the CloudWatch namespace. Configure the metric stream to deliver the metrics to an Amazon Data Firehose delivery stream. Configure the Firehose delivery stream to invoke an AWS Lambda function to transform the data. Configure the delivery stream to send the transformed data to the S3 bucket.

Configure a CloudWatch metrics stream to include all the metrics and to deliver the metrics to an Amazon Data Firehose delivery stream. Configure the Firehose delivery stream to invoke an AWS Lambda function to transform the data. Configure the delivery stream to send the transformed data to the S3 bucket.

Configure metric filters for the CloudWatch logs to create custom metrics. Configure a CloudWatch metric stream to deliver the application metrics to the S3 bucket.

Configure subscription filters on the application log groups to target an Amazon Data Firehose delivery stream. Configure the Firehose delivery stream to invoke an AWS Lambda function to transform the data. Configure the delivery stream to send the transformed data to the S3 bucket.

Question 90

A company ' s DevOps engineer uses AWS Systems Manager to perform maintenance tasks. The company has a few Amazon EC2 instances that require a restart after notifications from AWS Health.

The DevOps engineer must implement an automated solution that uses Amazon EventBridge to remediate the notifications during the company ' s scheduled maintenance windows.

How should the DevOps engineer configure an EventBridge rule to meet these requirements?

Options:

Configure an event source of AWS Health. Configure event types that indicate scheduled instance termination and retirement. Target the AWS-RestartEC2Instance Systems Manager Automation runbook to restart the EC2 instances.

Configure an event source of Systems Manager. Configure an event type that indicates a maintenance window. Target the AWS-RestartEC2Instance Systems Manager Automation runbook to restart the EC2 instances.

Configure an event source of AWS Health. Configure event types that indicate scheduled instance termination and retirement. Target a newly created AWS Lambda function that registers a Systems Manager maintenance window task to restart the EC2 instances.

Configure an event source of EC2. Configure an event type that indicates instance state notification. Target a newly created AWS Lambda function that registers a Systems Manager maintenance window task to restart the EC2 instances.

Question 91

A DevOps engineer is supporting early-stage development for a developer platform running on Amazon EKS. Recently, the platform has experienced an increased rate of container restart failures. The DevOps engineer wants diagnostic information to isolate and resolve issues.

Which solution will meet this requirement?

Options:

Configure CloudWatch dashboards using default EKS service metrics.

Configure AWS CloudTrail for the EKS cluster.

Configure CloudTrail Insights for the EKS cluster.

Configure Amazon CloudWatch Container Insights for the EKS cluster by enabling the CloudWatch Observability add-on.

Question 92

A company has multiple AWS accounts. The company uses AWS IAM Identity Center (AWS Single Sign-On) that is integrated with AWS Toolkit for Microsoft Azure DevOps. The attributes for access control feature is enabled in IAM Identity Center.

The attribute mapping list contains two entries. The department key is mapped to ${path:enterprise.department}. The costCenter key is mapped to ${path:enterprise.costCenter}.

All existing Amazon EC2 instances have a department tag that corresponds to three company departments (d1, d2, d3). A DevOps engineer must create policies based on the matching attributes. The policies must minimize administrative effort and must grant each Azure AD user access to only the EC2 instances that are tagged with the user’s respective department name.

Which condition key should the DevOps engineer include in the custom permissions policies to meet these requirements?

Options:

Question 93

A company is divided into teams Each team has an AWS account and all the accounts are in an organization in AWS Organizations. Each team must retain full administrative rights to its AWS account. Each team also must be allowed to access only AWS services that the company approves for use AWS services must gam approval through a request and approval process.

How should a DevOps engineer configure the accounts to meet these requirements?

Options:

Use AWS CloudFormation StackSets to provision IAM policies in each account to deny access to restricted AWS services. In each account configure AWS Config rules that ensure that the policies are attached to IAM principals in the account.

Use AWS Control Tower to provision the accounts into OUs within the organization Configure AWS Control Tower to enable AWS IAM identity Center (AWS Single Sign-On). Configure 1AM Identity Center to provide administrative access Include deny policies on user roles for restricted AWS services.

Place all the accounts under a new top-level OU within the organization Create an SCP that denies access to restricted AWS services Attach the SCP to the OU.

Create an SCP that allows access to only approved AWS services. Attach the SCP to the root OU of the organization. Remove the FullAWSAccess SCP from the root OU of the organization.

Question 94

A company uses Amazon Redshift as its data warehouse solution. The company wants to create a dashboard to view changes to the Redshift users and the queries the users perform.

Which combination of steps will meet this requirement? (Select TWO.)

Options:

Create an Amazon CloudWatch log group. Create an AWS CloudTrail trail that writes to the CloudWatch log group.

Create a new Amazon S3 bucket. Configure default audit logging on the Redshift cluster. Configure the S3 bucket as the target.

Configure the Redshift cluster database audit logging to include user activity logs. Configure Amazon CloudWatch as the target.

Create an Amazon CloudWatch dashboard that has a log widget. Configure the widget to display user details from the Redshift logs.

Create an AWS Lambda function that uses Amazon Athena to query the Redshift logs. Create an Amazon CloudWatch dashboard that has a custom widget type that uses the Lambda function.

Question 95

A company wants to migrate its content sharing web application hosted on Amazon EC2 to a serverless architecture. The company currently deploys changes to its application by creating a new Auto Scaling group of EC2 instances and a new Elastic Load Balancer, and then shifting the traffic away using an Amazon Route 53 weighted routing policy.

For its new serverless application, the company is planning to use Amazon API Gateway and AWS Lambda. The company will need to update its deployment processes to work with the new application. It will also need to retain the ability to test new features on a small number of users before rolling the features out to the entire user base.

Which deployment strategy will meet these requirements?

Options:

Use AWS CDK to deploy API Gateway and Lambda functions. When code needs to be changed, update the AWS CloudFormation stack and deploy the new version of the APIs and Lambda functions. Use a Route 53 failover routing policy for the canary release strategy.

Use AWS CloudFormation to deploy API Gateway and Lambda functions using Lambda function versions. When code needs to be changed, update the CloudFormation stack with the new Lambda code and update the API versions using a canary release strategy. Promote the new version when testing is complete.

Use AWS Elastic Beanstalk to deploy API Gateway and Lambda functions. When code needs to be changed, deploy a new version of the API and Lambda functions. Shift traffic gradually using an Elastic Beanstalk blue/green deployment.

Use AWS OpsWorks to deploy API Gateway in the service layer and Lambda functions in a custom layer. When code needs to be changed, use OpsWorks to perform a blue/green deployment and shift traffic gradually.

Question 96

A company uses AWS Organizations and AWS Control Tower to manage all the company ' s AWS accounts. The company uses the Enterprise Support plan.

A DevOps engineer is using Account Factory for Terraform (AFT) to provision new accounts. When new accounts are provisioned, the DevOps engineer notices that the support plan for the new accounts is set to the Basic Support plan. The DevOps engineer needs to implement a solution to provision the new accounts with the Enterprise Support plan.

Which solution will meet these requirements?

Options:

Use an AWS Config conformance pack to deploy the account-part-of-organizations AWS Config rule and to automatically remediate any noncompliant accounts.

Create an AWS Lambda function to create a ticket for AWS Support to add the account to the Enterprise Support plan. Grant the Lambda function the support:ResolveCase permission.

Add an additional value to the control_tower_parameters input to set the AWSEnterpriseSupport parameter as the organization ' s management account number.

Set the aft_feature_enterprise_support feature flag to True in the AFT deployment input configuration. Redeploy AFT and apply the changes.

Question 97

A DevOps learn has created a Custom Lambda rule in AWS Config. The rule monitors Amazon Elastic Container Repository (Amazon ECR) policy statements for ecr: ' actions. When a noncompliant repository is detected, Amazon EventBridge uses Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS) to route the notification to a security team.

When the custom AWS Config rule is evaluated, the AWS Lambda function fails to run.

Which solution will resolve the issue?

Options:

Modify the Lambda function ' s resource policy to grant AWS Config permission to invoke the function.

Modify the SNS topic policy to include configuration changes for EventBridge to publish to the SNS topic.

Modify the Lambda function ' s execution role to include configuration changes for custom AWS Config rules.

Modify all the ECR repository policies to grant AWS Config access to the necessary ECR API actions.

Question 98

A company ' s application uses a fleet of Amazon EC2 On-Demand Instances to analyze and process data. The EC2 instances are in an Auto Scaling group. The Auto Scaling group is a target group for an Application Load Balancer (ALB). The application analyzes critical data that cannot tolerate interruption. The application also analyzes noncritical data that can withstand interruption.

The critical data analysis requires quick scalability in response to real-time application demand. The noncritical data analysis involves memory consumption. A DevOps engineer must implement a solution that reduces scale-out latency for the critical data. The solution also must process the noncritical data.

Which combination of steps will meet these requirements? (Select TWO.)

Options:

For the critical data, modify the existing Auto Scaling group. Create a warm pool instance in the stopped state. Define the warm pool size. Create a new version of the launch template that has detailed monitoring enabled. use Spot Instances.

For the critical data. modify the existing Auto Scaling group. Create a lifecycle hook to ensure that bootstrap scripts are completed successfully. Ensure that the application on the instances is ready to accept traffic before the instances are registered. Create a new version of the launch template that has detailed monitoring enabled.

For the noncritical data, create a second Auto Scaling group that uses a launch template. Configure the launch template to install the unified Amazon CloudWatch agent and to configure the CloudWatch agent with a custom memory utilization metric. Use Spot Instances. Add the new Auto Scaling group as the target group for the ALB. Modify the application to use two target groups for critical data and noncritical data.

For the noncritical data, create a second Auto Scaling group. Choose the predefined memory utilization metric type for the target tracking scaling policy. Use Spot Instances. Add the new Auto Scaling group as the target group for the ALB. Modify the application to use two target groups for critical data and noncritical data.

Question 99

An ecommerce company uses a large number of Amazon Elastic Block Store (Amazon EBS) backed Amazon EC2 instances. To decrease manual work across all the instances, a DevOps engineer is tasked with automating restart actions when EC2 instance retirement events are scheduled.

How can this be accomplished?

Options:

Create a scheduled Amazon EventBridge rule to run an AWS Systems Manager Automation runbook that checks if any EC2 instances are scheduled for retirement once a week If the instance is scheduled for retirement the runbook will hibernate the instance

Enable EC2Auto Recovery on all of the instances. Create an AWS Config rule to limit the recovery to occur during a maintenance window only

Reboot all EC2 instances during an approved maintenance window that is outside of standard business hours Set up Amazon CloudWatch alarms to send a notification in case any instance is failing EC2 instance status checks

Set up an AWS Health Amazon EventBridge rule to run AWS Systems Manager Automation runbooks that stop and start the EC2 instance when a retirement scheduled event occurs.

Question 100

A company is implementing an Amazon Elastic Container Service (Amazon ECS) cluster to run its workload. The company architecture will run multiple ECS services on the cluster. The architecture includes an Application Load Balancer on the front end and uses multiple target groups to route traffic.

A DevOps engineer must collect application and access logs. The DevOps engineer then needs to send the logs to an Amazon S3 bucket for near-real-time analysis.

Which combination of steps must the DevOps engineer take to meet these requirements? (Choose three.)

Options:

Download the Amazon CloudWatch Logs container instance from AWS. Configure this instance as a task. Update the application service definitions to include the logging task.

Install the Amazon CloudWatch Logs agent on the ECS instances. Change the logging driver in the ECS task definition to awslogs.

Use Amazon EventBridge to schedule an AWS Lambda function that will run every 60 seconds and will run the Amazon CloudWatch Logs create-export-task command. Then point the output to the logging S3 bucket.

Activate access logging on the ALB. Then point the ALB directly to the logging S3 bucket.

Activate access logging on the target groups that the ECS services use. Then send the logs directly to the logging S3 bucket.

Create an Amazon Kinesis Data Firehose delivery stream that has a destination of the logging S3 bucket. Then create an Amazon CloudWatch Logs subscription filter for Kinesis Data Firehose.

Question 101

A company hosts a security auditing application in an AWS account. The auditing application uses an IAM role to access other AWS accounts. All the accounts are in the same organization in AWS Organizations.

A recent security audit revealed that users in the audited AWS accounts could modify or delete the auditing application ' s IAM role. The company needs to prevent any modification to the auditing application ' s IAM role by any entity other than a trusted administrator IAM role.

Which solution will meet these requirements?

Options:

Create an SCP that includes a Deny statement for changes to the auditing application ' s IAM role. Include a condition that allows the trusted administrator IAM role to make changes. Attach the SCP to the root of the organization.

Create an SCP that includes an Allow statement for changes to the auditing application ' s IAM role by the trusted administrator IAM role. Include a Deny statement for changes by all other IAM principals. Attach the SCP to the IAM service in each AWS account where the auditing application has an IAM role.

Create an IAM permissions boundary that includes a Deny statement for changes to the auditing application ' s IAM role. Include a condition that allows the trusted administrator IAM role to make changes. Attach the permissions boundary to the audited AWS accounts.

Create an IAM permissions boundary that includes a Deny statement for changes to the auditing application’s IAM role. Include a condition that allows the trusted administrator IAM role to make changes. Attach the permissions boundary to the auditing application ' s IAM role in the AWS accounts.

Question 102

A global company manages multiple AWS accounts by using AWS Control Tower. The company hosts internal applications and public applications.

Each application team in the company has its own AWS account for application hosting. The accounts are consolidated in an organization in AWS Organizations. One of the AWS Control Tower member accounts serves as a centralized DevOps account with CI/CD pipelines that application teams use to deploy applications to their respective target AWS accounts. An 1AM role for deployment exists in the centralized DevOps account.

An application team is attempting to deploy its application to an Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service (Amazon EKS) cluster in an application AWS account. An 1AM role for deployment exists in the application AWS account. The deployment is through an AWS CodeBuild project that is set up in the centralized DevOps account. The CodeBuild project uses an 1AM service role for CodeBuild. The deployment is failing with an Unauthorized error during attempts to connect to the cross-account EKS cluster from CodeBuild.

Which solution will resolve this error?

Options:

Configure the application account ' s deployment 1AM role to have a trust relationship with the centralized DevOps account. Configure the trust relationship to allow the sts:AssumeRole action. Configure the application account ' s deployment 1AM role to have the required access to the EKS cluster. Configure the EKS cluster aws-auth ConfigMap to map the role to the appropriate system permissions.

Configure the centralized DevOps account ' s deployment I AM role to have a trust relationship with the application account. Configure the trust relationship to allow the sts:AssumeRole action. Configure the centralized DevOps account ' s deployment 1AM role to allow the required access to CodeBuild.

Configure the centralized DevOps account ' s deployment 1AM role to have a trust relationship with the application account. Configure the trust relationship to allow the sts:AssumeRoleWithSAML action. Configure the centralized DevOps account ' s deployment 1AM role to allow the required access to CodeBuild.

Configure the application account ' s deployment 1AM role to have a trust relationship with the AWS Control Tower management account. Configure the trust relationship to allow the sts:AssumeRole action. Configure the application account ' s deployment 1AM role to have the required access to the EKS cluster. Configure the EKS cluster aws-auth ConfigMap to map the role to the appropriate system permissions.

Question 103

A company uses Amazon S3 to store proprietary information. The development team creates buckets for new projects on a daily basis. The security team wants to ensure that all existing and future buckets have encryption logging and versioning enabled. Additionally, no buckets should ever be publicly read or write accessible.

What should a DevOps engineer do to meet these requirements?

Options:

Enable AWS CloudTrail and configure automatic remediation using AWS Lambda.

Enable AWS Conflg rules and configure automatic remediation using AWS Systems Manager documents.

Enable AWS Trusted Advisor and configure automatic remediation using Amazon EventBridge.

Enable AWS Systems Manager and configure automatic remediation using Systems Manager documents.

Question 104

A company is deploying a new application that uses Amazon EC2 instances. The company needs a solution to query application logs and AWS account API activity Which solution will meet these requirements?

Options:

Use the Amazon CloudWatch agent to send logs from the EC2 instances to Amazon CloudWatch Logs Configure AWS CloudTrail to deliver the API logs to Amazon S3 Use CloudWatch to query both sets of logs.

Use the Amazon CloudWatch agent to send logs from the EC2 instances to Amazon CloudWatch Logs Configure AWS CloudTrail to deliver the API logs to CloudWatch Logs Use CloudWatch Logs Insights to query both sets of logs.

Use the Amazon CloudWatch agent to send logs from the EC2 instances to Amazon Kinesis Configure AWS CloudTrail to deliver the API logs to Kinesis Use Kinesis to load the data into Amazon Redshift Use Amazon Redshift to query both sets of logs.

Use the Amazon CloudWatch agent to send logs from the EC2 instances to Amazon S3 Use AWS CloudTrail to deliver the API togs to Amazon S3 Use Amazon Athena to query both sets of logs in Amazon S3.

Question 105

A DevOps engineer is creating a CI/CD pipeline to build container images. The engineer needs to store container images in Amazon Elastic Container Registry (Amazon ECR) and scan the images for common vulnerabilities. The CI/CD pipeline must be resilient to outages in upstream source container image repositories.

Which solution will meet these requirements?

Options:

Create an ECR private repository in the private registry to store the container images and scan images when images are pushed to the repository. Configure a replication rule in the private registry to replicate images from upstream repositories.

Create an ECR public repository in the public registry to cache images from upstream source repositories. Create an ECR private repository to store images. Configure the private repository to scan images when images are pushed to the repository.

Create an ECR public repository in the public registry. Configure a pull through cache rule for the repository. Create an ECR private repository to store images. Configure the ECR private registry to perform basic scanning.

Create an ECR private repository in the private registry to store the container images. Enable basic scanning for the private registry, and create a pull through cache rule.

Question 106

A DevOps engineer needs to apply a core set of security controls to an existing set of AWS accounts. The accounts are in an organization in AWS Organizations. Individual teams will administer individual accounts by using the AdministratorAccess AWS managed policy. For all accounts. AWS CloudTrail and AWS Config must be turned on in all available AWS Regions. Individual account administrators must not be able to edit or delete any of the baseline resources. However, individual account administrators must be able to edit or delete their own CloudTrail trails and AWS Config rules.

Which solution will meet these requirements in the MOST operationally efficient way?

Options:

Enable AWS Control Tower. Enroll the existing accounts in AWS Control Tower. Grant the individual account administrators access to CloudTrail and AWS Config.

Designate an AWS Config management account. Create AWS Config recorders in all accounts by using AWS CloudFormation StackSets. Deploy AWS Config rules to the organization by using the AWS Config management account. Create a CloudTrail organization trail in the organization’s management account. Deny modification or deletion of the AWS Config recorders by using an SCP.

Create an AWS CloudFormation template that defines the standard account resources. Deploy the template to all accounts from the organization ' s management account by using Cloud Formation StackSets Create an SCP that prevents updates or deletions to CloudTrail resources or AWS Config resources unless the principal is an administrator of the organization ' s management account.

Question 107

A DevOps engineer is setting up a container-based architecture. The engineer has decided to use AWS CloudFormation to automatically provision an Amazon ECS cluster and an Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling group to launch the EC2 container instances. After successfully creating the CloudFormation stack, the engineer noticed that, even though the ECS cluster and the EC2 instances were created successfully and the stack finished the creation, the EC2 instances were associating with a different cluster.

How should the DevOps engineer update the CloudFormation template to resolve this issue?

Options:

Reference the EC2 instances in the AWS: ECS: Cluster resource and reference the ECS cluster in the AWS: ECS: Service resource.

Reference the ECS cluster in the AWS: AutoScaling: LaunchConfiguration resource of the UserData property.

Reference the ECS cluster in the AWS:EC2: lnstance resource of the UserData property.

Reference the ECS cluster in the AWS: CloudFormation: CustomResource resource to trigger an AWS Lambda function that registers the EC2 instances with the appropriate ECS cluster.

Question 108

An application runs on Amazon EC2 instances behind an Application Load Balancer (ALB). A DevOps engineer is using AWS CodeDeploy to release a new version. The deployment fails during the AlIowTraffic lifecycle event, but a cause for the failure is not indicated in the deployment logs.

What would cause this?

Options:

The appspec. yml file contains an invalid script that runs in the AllowTraffic lifecycle hook.

The user who initiated the deployment does not have the necessary permissions to interact with the ALB.

The health checks specified for the ALB target group are misconfigured.

The CodeDeploy agent was not installed in the EC2 instances that are pad of the ALB target group.

Question 109

A company has a new AWS account that teams will use to deploy various applications. The teams will create many Amazon S3 buckets for application- specific purposes and to store AWS CloudTrail logs. The company has enabled Amazon Macie for the account.

A DevOps engineer needs to optimize the Macie costs for the account without compromising the account ' s functionality.

Which solutions will meet these requirements? (Select TWO.)

Options:

Exclude S3 buckets that contain CloudTrail logs from automated discovery.

Exclude S3 buckets that have public read access from automated discovery.

Configure scheduled daily discovery jobs for all S3 buckets in the account.

Configure discovery jobs to include S3 objects based on the last modified criterion.

Configure discovery jobs to include S3 objects that are tagged as production only.

Question 110

A company runs an Amazon EKS cluster and must implement comprehensive logging for the control plane and nodes. The company must analyze API requests and monitor container performance.

Which solution will meet these requirements with the LEAST operational overhead?

Options:

Enable AWS CloudTrail for control plane logging and deploy Logstash on nodes.

Enable control plane logging to CloudWatch and use CloudWatch Container Insights for node and pod metrics.

Enable API server logging to S3 and deploy Kubernetes Event Exporter to nodes.

Use AWS Distro for OpenTelemetry and stream logs to Amazon Redshift.

Question 111

A video-sharing company stores its videos in an Amazon S3 bucket. The company needs to analyze user access patterns such as the number of users who access a specific video each month.

Which solution will meet these requirements with the LEAST development effort?

Options:

Enable Amazon S3 server access logging. Load the access logs into an Amazon Aurora database. Run SQL queries on the Aurora database to analyze the user access patterns.

Enable Amazon S3 server access logging. Use Amazon Athena to create an external table that contains the access logs. Run SQL queries on the Athena table to analyze the user access patterns.

Invoke an AWS Lambda function for every S3 object access event. Configure the Lambda function to write the file access information, including user ID, S3 bucket ID, and file key, to an Amazon Aurora database. Run SQL queries on the Aurora database to analyze the user access patterns.

Record a log message in Amazon CloudWatch Logs for every S3 object access event. Configure a log stream in CloudWatch Logs to write the file access information, including user ID, S3 bucket ID, and file key, to an Amazon Managed Service for Apache Flink application. Perform a sliding window analysis on the user access patterns.

Question 112

A company ' s production environment uses an AWS CodeDeploy blue/green deployment to deploy an application. The deployment incudes Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling groups that launch instances that run Amazon Linux 2.

A working appspec. ymi file exists in the code repository and contains the following text.

A DevOps engineer needs to ensure that a script downloads and installs a license file onto the instances before the replacement instances start to handle request traffic. The DevOps engineer adds a hooks section to the appspec. yml file.

Which hook should the DevOps engineer use to run the script that downloads and installs the license file?

Options:

AfterBlockTraffic

BeforeBlockTraffic

Beforelnstall

Down load Bundle

Question 113

A company ' s application teams use AWS CodeCommit repositories for their applications. The application teams have repositories in multiple AWS

accounts. All accounts are in an organization in AWS Organizations.

Each application team uses AWS IAM Identity Center (AWS Single Sign-On) configured with an external IdP to assume a developer IAM role. The developer role allows the application teams to use Git to work with the code in the repositories.

A security audit reveals that the application teams can modify the main branch in any repository. A DevOps engineer must implement a solution that

allows the application teams to modify the main branch of only the repositories that they manage.

Which combination of steps will meet these requirements? (Select THREE.)

Options:

Update the SAML assertion to pass the user ' s team name. Update the IAM role ' s trust policy to add an access-team session tag that has the team name.

Create an approval rule template for each team in the Organizations management account. Associate the template with all the repositories. Add the developer role ARN as an approver.

Create an approval rule template for each account. Associate the template with all repositories. Add the " aws:ResourceTag/access-team " : " $ ;{aws:PrincipaITag/access-team} " condition to the approval rule template.

For each CodeCommit repository, add an access-team tag that has the value set to the name of the associated team.

Attach an SCP to the accounts. Include the following statement:

Create an IAM permissions boundary in each account. Include the following statement:

Answer:

A, D, F

Explanation:

Short Explanation: To meet the requirements, the DevOps engineer should update the SAML assertion to pass the user’s team name, update the IAM role’s trust policy to add an access-team session tag that has the team name, create an IAM permissions boundary in each account, and for each CodeCommit repository, add an access-team tag that has the value set to the name of the associated team.

Updating the SAML assertion to pass the user’s team name allows the DevOps engineer to use IAM tags to identify which team a user belongs to. This can help enforce fine-grained access control based on the user’s team membership1.

Updating the IAM role’s trust policy to add an access-team session tag that has the team name allows the DevOps engineer to use IAM condition keys to restrict access based on the session tag value2. For example, the DevOps engineer can use the aws:PrincipalTag condition key to match the access-team tag of the user with the access-team tag of the repository3.

Creating an IAM permissions boundary in each account allows the DevOps engineer to set the maximum permissions that an identity-based policy can grant to an IAM entity. An entity’s permissions boundary allows it to perform only the actions that are allowed by both its identity-based policies and its permissions boundaries4. For example, the DevOps engineer can use a permissions boundary policy to limit the actions that a user can perform on CodeCommit repositories based on their access-team tag5.

For each CodeCommit repository, adding an access-team tag that has the value set to the name of the associated team allows the DevOps engineer to use resource tags to identify which team manages a repository. This can help enforce fine-grained access control based on the resource tag value6.

The other options are incorrect because:

Creating an approval rule template for each team in the Organizations management account is not a valid option, as approval rule templates are not supported by AWS Organizations. Approval rule templates are specific to CodeCommit and can only be associated with one or more repositories in the same AWS Region where they are created7.

Creating an approval rule template for each account is not a valid option, as approval rule templates are not designed to restrict access to modify branches. Approval rule templates are designed to require approvals from specified users or groups before merging pull requests8.

Attaching an SCP to the accounts is not a valid option, as SCPs are not designed to restrict access based on tags. SCPs are designed to restrict access based on service actions and resources across all users and roles in an organization’s account9.

Question 114

A company has multiple development groups working in a single shared AWS account. The Senior Manager of the groups wants to be alerted via a third-party API call when the creation of resources approaches the service limits for the account.

Which solution will accomplish this with the LEAST amount of development effort?

Options:

Create an Amazon CloudWatch Event rule that runs periodically and targets an AWS Lambda function. Within the Lambda function, evaluate the current state of the AWS environment and compare deployed resource values to resource limits on the account. Notify the Senior Manager if the account is approaching a service limit.

Deploy an AWS Lambda function that refreshes AWS Trusted Advisor checks, and configure an Amazon CloudWatch Events rule to run the Lambda function periodically. Create another CloudWatch Events rule with an event pattern matching Trusted Advisor events and a target Lambda function. In the target Lambda function, notify the Senior Manager.

Deploy an AWS Lambda function that refreshes AWS Personal Health Dashboard checks, and configure an Amazon CloudWatch Events rule to run the Lambda function periodically. Create another CloudWatch Events rule with an event pattern matching Personal Health Dashboard events and a target Lambda function. In the target Lambda function, notify the Senior Manager.

Add an AWS Config custom rule that runs periodically, checks the AWS service limit status, and streams notifications to an Amazon SNS topic. Deploy an AWS Lambda function that notifies the Senior Manager, and subscribe the Lambda function to the SNS topic.

Question 115

A company manages an application that stores logs in Amazon CloudWatch Logs. The company wants to archive the logs to an Amazon S3 bucket Logs are rarely accessed after 90 days and must be retained tor 10 years.

Which combination of steps should a DevOps engineer take to meet these requirements? (Select TWO.)

Options:

Configure a CloudWatch Logs subscription filter to use AWS Glue to transfer all logs to an S3 bucket.

Configure a CloudWatch Logs subscription filter to use Amazon Kinesis Data Firehose to stream all logs to an S3 bucket.

Configure a CloudWatch Logs subscription fitter to stream all logs to an S3 bucket.

Configure the S3 bucket lifecycle policy to transition logs to S3 Glacier after 90 days and to expire logs after 3.650 days.

Configure the S3 bucket lifecycle policy to transition logs to Reduced Redundancy after 90 days and to expire logs after 3.650 days.

Question 116

A company runs an application with an Amazon EC2 and on-premises configuration. A DevOps engineer needs to standardize patching across both environments. Company policy dictates that patching only happens during non-business hours.

Which combination of actions will meet these requirements? (Choose three.)

Options:

Add the physical machines into AWS Systems Manager using Systems Manager Hybrid Activations.

Attach an IAM role to the EC2 instances, allowing them to be managed by AWS Systems Manager.

Create IAM access keys for the on-premises machines to interact with AWS Systems Manager.

Run an AWS Systems Manager Automation document to patch the systems every hour.

Use Amazon EventBridge scheduled events to schedule a patch window.

Use AWS Systems Manager Maintenance Windows to schedule a patch window.

Question 117

A growing company manages more than 50 accounts in an organization in AWS Organizations. The company has configured its applications to send logs to Amazon CloudWatch Logs.

A DevOps engineer needs to aggregate logs so that the company can quickly search the logs to respond to future security incidents. The DevOps engineer has created a new AWS account for centralized monitoring.

Which combination of steps should the DevOps engineer take to make the application logs searchable from the monitoring account? (Select THREE.)

Options:

In the monitoring account, download an AWS CloudFormation template from CloudWatch to use in Organizations. Use CloudFormation StackSets in the organization ' s management account to deploy the CloudFormation template to the entire organization.

Create an AWS CloudFormation template that defines an IAM role. Configure the role to allow logs-amazonaws.com to perform the logs:Link action if the aws:ResourceAccount property is equal to the monitoring account ID. Use CloudFormation StackSets in the organization ' s management account to deploy the CloudFormation template to the entire organization.

Create an IAM role in the monitoring account. Attach a trust policy that allows logs.amazonaws.com to perform the iam:CreateSink action if the aws:PrincipalOrgld property is equal to the organization ID.

In the organization ' s management account, enable the logging policies for the organization.

use CloudWatch Observability Access Manager in the monitoring account to create a sink. Allow logs to be shared with the monitoring account. Configure the monitoring account data selection to view the Observability data from the organization ID.

In the monitoring account, attach the CloudWatchLogsReadOnlyAccess AWS managed policy to an IAM role that can be assumed to search the logs.

Question 118

A company uses AWS Organizations to manage its AWS accounts. A DevOps engineer must ensure that all users who access the AWS Management Console are authenticated through the company ' s corporate identity provider (IdP).

Which combination of steps will meet these requirements? (Select TWO.)

Options:

Use Amazon GuardDuty with a delegated administrator account. Use GuardDuty to enforce denial of 1AM user logins

Use AWS 1AM Identity Center to configure identity federation with SAML 2.0.

Create a permissions boundary in AWS 1AM Identity Center to deny password logins for 1AM users.

Create 1AM groups in the Organizations management account to apply consistent permissions for all 1AM users.

Create an SCP in Organizations to deny password creation for 1AM users.

Question 119

A company provides an application to customers. The application has an Amazon API Gateway REST API that invokes an AWS Lambda function. On initialization, the Lambda function loads a large amount of data from an Amazon DynamoDB table. The data load process results in long cold-start times of 8-10 seconds. The DynamoDB table has DynamoDB Accelerator (DAX) configured.

Customers report that the application intermittently takes a long time to respond to requests. The application receives thousands of requests throughout the day. In the middle of the day, the application experiences 10 times more requests than at any other time of the day. Near the end of the day, the application ' s request volume decreases to 10% of its normal total.

A DevOps engineer needs to reduce the latency of the Lambda function at all times of the day.

Which solution will meet these requirements?

Options:

Configure provisioned concurrency on the Lambda function with a concurrency value of 1. Delete the DAX cluster for the DynamoDB table.

Configure reserved concurrency on the Lambda function with a concurrency value of 0.

Configure provisioned concurrency on the Lambda function. Configure AWS Application Auto Scaling on the Lambda function with provisioned concurrency values set to a minimum of 1 and a maximum of 100.

Configure reserved concurrency on the Lambda function. Configure AWS Application Auto Scaling on the API Gateway API with a reserved concurrency maximum value of 100.

Question 120

A company uses an organization in AWS Organizations that has all features enabled. The company uses AWS Backup in a primary account and uses an AWS Key Management Service (AWS KMS) key to encrypt the backups.

The company needs to automate a cross-account backup of the resources that AWS Backup backs up in the primary account. The company configures cross-account backup in the Organizations management account. The company creates a new AWS account in the organization and configures an AWS Backup backup vault in the new account. The company creates a KMS key in the new account to encrypt the backups. Finally, the company configures a new backup plan in the primary account. The destination for the new backup plan is the backup vault in the new account.

When the AWS Backup job in the primary account is invoked, the job creates backups in the primary account. However, the backups are not copied to the new account ' s backup vault.

Which combination of steps must the company take so that backups can be copied to the new account ' s backup vault? (Select TWO.)

Options:

Edit the backup vault access policy in the new account to allow access to the primary account.

Edit the backup vault access policy in the primary account to allow access to the new account.

Edit the backup vault access policy in the primary account to allow access to the KMS key in the new account.

Edit the key policy of the KMS key in the primary account to share the key with the new account.

Edit the key policy of the KMS key in the new account to share the key with the primary account.

Question 121

A company uses AWS and has a VPC that contains critical compute infrastructure with predictable traffic patterns. The company has configured VPC flow logs that are published to a log group in Amazon CloudWatch Logs.

The company ' s DevOps team needs to configure a monitoring solution for the VPC flow logs to identify anomalies in network traffic to the VPC over time. If the monitoring solution detects an anomaly, the company needs the ability to initiate a response to the anomaly.

How should the DevOps team configure the monitoring solution to meet these requirements?

Options:

Create an Amazon Kinesis data stream. Subscribe the log group to the data stream. Configure Amazon Kinesis Data Analytics to detect log anomalies in the data stream. Create anAWS Lambda function to use as the output of the data stream. Configure the Lambda function to write to the default Amazon EventBridge event bus in the event of an anomaly finding.

Create an Amazon Kinesis Data Firehose delivery stream that delivers events to an Amazon S3 bucket. Subscribe the log group to the delivery stream. Configure Amazon Lookout for Metrics to monitor the data in the S3 bucket for anomalies. Create an AWS Lambda function to run in response to Lookout for Metrics anomaly findings. Configure the Lambda function to publish to the default Amazon EventBridge event bus.

Create an AWS Lambda function to detect anomalies. Configure the Lambda function to publish an event to the default Amazon EventBridge event bus if the Lambda function detects an anomaly. Subscribe the Lambda function to the log group.

Create an Amazon Kinesis data stream. Subscribe the log group to the data stream. Create an AWS Lambda function to detect log anomalies. Configure the Lambda function to write to the default Amazon EventBridge event bus if the Lambda function detects an anomaly. Set the Lambda function as the processor for the data stream.

Question 122

A company has a guideline that every Amazon EC2 instance must be launched from an AMI that the company ' s security team produces Every month the security team sends an email message with the latest approved AMIs to all the development teams.

The development teams use AWS CloudFormation to deploy their applications. When developers launch a new service they have to search their email for the latest AMIs that the security department sent. A DevOps engineer wants to automate the process that the security team uses to provide the AMI IDs to the development teams.

What is the MOST scalable solution that meets these requirements?

Options:

Direct the security team to use CloudFormation to create new versions of the AMIs and to list! the AMI ARNs in an encrypted Amazon S3 object as part of the stack ' s Outputs Section Instruct the developers to use a cross-stack reference to load the encrypted S3 object and obtain the most recent AMI ARNs.

Direct the security team to use a CloudFormation stack to create an AWS CodePipeline pipeline that builds new AMIs and places the latest AMI ARNs in an encrypted Amazon S3 object as part of the pipeline output Instruct the developers to use a cross-stack reference within their own CloudFormation template to obtain the S3 object location and the most recent AMI ARNs.

Direct the security team to use Amazon EC2 Image Builder to create new AMIs and to place the AMI ARNs as parameters in AWS Systems Manager Parameter Store Instruct the developers to specify a parameter of type SSM in their CloudFormation stack to obtain the most recent AMI ARNs from Parameter Store.

Direct the security team to use Amazon EC2 Image Builder to create new AMIs and to create an Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS) topic so that every development team can receive notifications. When the development teams receive a notification instruct them to write an AWS Lambda function that will update their CloudFormation stack with the most recent AMI ARNs.

Question 123

A company frequently creates Docker images of an application. The company stores the images in Amazon Elastic Container Registry (Amazon ECR) . The company creates both tagged images and untagged images.

The company wants to implement a solution to automatically delete images that have not been updated for a long time and are not frequently used. The solution must retain at least a specified number of images.

Which solution will meet these requirements with the LEAST operational overhead ?

Options:

Use Amazon S3 Lifecycle policies on the ECR repository to automatically delete images based on image age or the absence of tags on the image.

Use Amazon ECR lifecycle policies to delete images based on age or the number of images that need to be retained in the repository.

Configure an AWS Lambda function to run on a schedule to delete images based on age or the number of images that need to be retained in the repository.

Use AWS Systems Manager to run a script by using the aws:executeScript action to automatically delete images based on image age or the absence of tags on the image.

Question 124

To run an application, a DevOps engineer launches an Amazon EC2 instance with public IP addresses in a public subnet. A user data script obtains the application artifacts and installs them on the instances upon launch. A change to the security classification of the application now requires the instances to run with no access to the internet. While the instances launch successfully and show as healthy, the application does not seem to be installed.

Which of the following should successfully install the application while complying with the new rule?

Options:

Launch the instances in a public subnet with Elastic IP addresses attached. Once the application is installed and running, run a script to disassociate the Elastic IP addresses afterwards.

Set up a NAT gateway. Deploy the EC2 instances to a private subnet. Update the private subnet ' s route table to use the NAT gateway as the default route.

Publish the application artifacts to an Amazon S3 bucket and create a VPC endpoint for S3. Assign an IAM instance profile to the EC2 instances so they can read the application artifacts from the S3 bucket.

Create a security group for the application instances and allow only outbound traffic to the artifact repository. Remove the security group rule once the install is complete.

Question 125

A company uses Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Services (Amazon EKS) to host containerized applications that are available in Amazon Elastic Container Registry (Amazon ECR).

The company currently launches EKS clusters in the company ' s development environment by using the AWS CLI aws eks create-cluster command. The company uses the aws eks create-addon command to install required add-ons. All installed add-ons are currently version compatible with the version of Kubernetes that the company uses. All clusters exclusively use managed node groups for compute capacity.

Some of the EKS clusters require a version upgrade. A DevOps engineer must ensure that upgrades continuously occur within the AWS standard support schedule.

Which solution will meet this requirement with the LEAST operational overhead?

Options:

Run the aws eks update-cluster-version command, providing appropriate arguments such as cluster name and version number.

Enable EKS Auto Mode on all EKS clusters. Remove all existing managed node groups.

Run the eksctl command to upgrade the EKS clusters. Provide appropriate arguments such as cluster name and version number.

Refactor the environment to create EKS clusters by using infrastructure as code (IaC). Upgrade the clusters by using code changes.

Question 126

A DevOps engineer is building a continuous deployment pipeline for a serverless application that uses AWS Lambda functions. The company wants to reduce the customer impact of an unsuccessful deployment. The company also wants to monitor for issues.

Which deploy stage configuration will meet these requirements?

Options:

Use an AWS Serverless Application Model (AWS SAM) template to define the serverless application. Use AWS CodeDeploy to deploy the Lambda functions with the Canary10Percent15Minutes Deployment Preference Type. Use Amazon CloudWatch alarms to monitor the health of the functions.

Use AWS CloudFormation to publish a new stack update, and include Amazon CloudWatch alarms on all resources. Set up an AWS CodePipeline approval action for a developer to verify and approve the AWS CloudFormation change set.

Use AWS CloudFormation to publish a new version on every stack update, and include Amazon CloudWatch alarms on all resources. Use the RoutingConfig property of the AWS::Lambda::Alias resource to update the traffic routing during the stack update.

Use AWS CodeBuild to add sample event payloads for testing to the Lambda functions. Publish a new version of the functions, and include Amazon CloudWatch alarms. Update the production alias to point to the new version. Configure rollbacks to occur when an alarm is in the ALARM state.

Question 127

A company has a mission-critical application on AWS that uses automatic scaling The company wants the deployment lilecycle to meet the following parameters.

• The application must be deployed one instance at a time to ensure the remaining fleet continues to serve traffic

• The application is CPU intensive and must be closely monitored

• The deployment must automatically roll back if the CPU utilization of the deployment instance exceeds 85%.

Which solution will meet these requirements?

Options:

Use AWS CloudFormalion to create an AWS Step Functions state machine and Auto Scaling hfecycle hooks to move to one instance at a time into a wait state Use AWS Systems Manager automation to deploy the update to each instance and move it back into the Auto Scaling group using the heartbeat timeout

Use AWS CodeDeploy with Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling. Configure an alarm tied to the CPU utilization metric. Use the CodeDeployDefault OneAtAtime configuration as a deployment strategy Configure automatic rollbacks within the deployment group to roll back the deployment if the alarm thresholds are breached

Use AWS Elastic Beanstalk for load balancing and AWS Auto Scaling Configure an alarm tied to the CPU utilization metric Configure rolling deployments with a fixed batch size of one instance Enable enhanced health to monitor the status of the deployment and roll back based on the alarm previously created.

Use AWS Systems Manager to perform a blue/green deployment with Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling Configure an alarm tied to the CPU utilization metric Deploy updates one at a time Configure automatic rollbacks within the Auto Scaling group to roll back the deployment if the alarm thresholds are breached

Load More DOP-C02 Questions

Spring Sale Discount Flat 70% Offer - Ends in 0d 00h 00m 00s - Coupon code: 70diswrap

Dumpswrap Top Menu

breadcrumb

Amazon Web Services DOP-C02 Dumps

DOP-C02 Free PDF Questions

AWS Certified DevOps Engineer - Professional Questions and Answers

Options:

Answer:

Explanation:

Options:

Answer:

Explanation:

Options:

Answer:

Explanation:

Options:

Answer:

Explanation:

Options:

Answer:

Options:

Answer:

Explanation:

Options:

Answer:

Explanation:

Options:

Answer:

Explanation:

Options:

Answer:

Options:

Answer:

Explanation:

Options:

Answer:

Explanation:

Options:

Answer:

Explanation:

Options:

Answer:

Options:

Answer:

Options:

Answer:

Explanation:

Options:

Answer:

Explanation:

Options:

Answer:

Explanation:

Options:

Answer:

Explanation:

Options:

Answer:

Options:

Answer:

Explanation:

Options:

Answer:

Explanation:

Options:

Answer:

Explanation:

Options:

Answer:

Explanation:

Options:

Answer:

Explanation:

Options:

Answer:

Explanation:

Options:

Answer:

Explanation:

Options: