Amazon Web Services Real Dumps Practice Exam Questions by Dumpswarp

AWS Certified Solutions Architect - Professional Questions and Answers

Question 1

A company is running a serverless application that consists of several AWS Lambda functions and Amazon DynamoDB tables. The company has created new functionality that requires the Lambda functions to access an Amazon Neptune DB cluster. The Neptune DB cluster is located in three subnets in a VPC.

Which of the possible solutions will allow the Lambda functions to access the Neptune DB cluster and DynamoDB tables? (Select TWO.)

Options:

Create three public subnets in the Neptune VPC, and route traffic through an internet gateway. Host the Lambda functions in the three new public subnets.

Create three private subnets in the Neptune VPC, and route internet traffic through a NAT gateway. Host the Lambda functions in the three new private subnets.

Host the Lambda functions outside the VPC. Update the Neptune security group to allow access from the IP ranges of the Lambda functions.

Host the Lambda functions outside the VPC. Create a VPC endpoint for the Neptune database, and have the Lambda functions access Neptune over the VPC endpoint.

Create three private subnets in the Neptune VPC. Host the Lambda functions in the three new isolated subnets. Create a VPC endpoint for DynamoDB, and route DynamoDB traffic to the VPC endpoint.

Question 2

A solutions architect has created a single VPC on AWS. The VPC has one internet gateway and one NAT gateway. The VPC extends across three Availability Zones. Each Availability Zone includes one public subnet and one private subnet. The three private subnets contain Amazon EC2 instances that must be able to connect to the internet.

Which solution will increase the network resiliency of this architecture?

Options:

Add two NAT gateways so that each Availability Zone has a NAT gateway. Configure a route table for each private subnet to send traffic to the NAT gateway in the subnet's Availability Zone.

Add two NAT gateways so that each Availability Zone has a NAT gateway. Configure a route table for each public subnet to send traffic to the NAT gateway in the subnet's Availability Zone.

Add two internet gateways so that each Availability Zone has an internet gateway. Configure a route table for each private subnet to send traffic to the internet gateway in the subnet's Availability Zone.

Add two internet gateways so that each Availability Zone has an internet gateway. Configure a route table for each public subnet to send traffic to the internet gateway in the subnet's Availability Zone.

Question 3

A company uses Microsoft Active Directory for user management and Microsoft Entra ID as an identity provider (IdP). The company uses an organization in AWS Organizations to manage multiple AWS accounts. The company establishes an AWS IAM Identity Center instance that is integrated with the IdP and creates the required user groups.

Multiple company departments and applications use Amazon S3. The company uses S3 bucket policies to manage permissions. As a result of the granular permissions the company creates, the policies grow so large that they reach the quota for S3 bucket policy length. The company needs to simplify the process of managing granular S3 bucket permissions for company identities.

Which solution will meet this requirement with the LEAST operational overhead?

Options:

Create an S3 Access Grant. Associate the S3 Access Grant with the IAM Identity Center instance. Create S3 Access Grants for the user groups based on business requirements by specifying the appropriate S3 bucket. Use the Amazon S3 API to grant the user groups temporary credentials to access the required S3 buckets.

Create an S3 access point for each of the S3 buckets. Create an AWS Lambda function to query data from Amazon S3 based on user permissions. Create an Object Lambda Access Point for the S3 access points. Associate the Lambda function with the Object Lambda Access Point.

Create an S3 access point for each of the S3 buckets. Block public access in the S3 access point settings. Create an access policy based on user requirements. Attach the access policy to the S3 access point. Use the S3 access point to access the S3 bucket.

Group users into appropriate OUs in Organizations. Create SCPs to grant access to specific S3 buckets based on business requirements. Attach the SCPs to the appropriate OUs. Use permission sets in IAM Identity Center to grant access the S3 buckets.

Answer:

Explanation:

The company has many S3 buckets and many identities across multiple AWS accounts. It currently uses S3 bucket policies for granular authorization. As requirements grow, the bucket policies have become very large and have hit the maximum size limits. The company needs a way to express granular, identity-based access to S3 resources without relying on increasingly complex bucket policies.

AWS provides S3 Access Grants to centrally manage S3 data access based on identities. S3 Access Grants integrate with IAM Identity Center and external identity providers such as Microsoft Entra ID (formerly Azure AD). With S3 Access Grants, you define grants that associate specific identities or groups (from IAM Identity Center) with permissions on specific S3 buckets, prefixes, or objects. Access Grants maintain a mapping between identities and S3 resources without requiring large, per-bucket policies.

Option A describes exactly this approach. You create an S3 Access Grant configuration associated with the IAM Identity Center instance that is already integrated with the company’s IdP. You then define S3 Access Grants for the various user groups according to business requirements, specifying the appropriate S3 buckets and prefixes. When users access S3 through AWS tools that support S3 Access Grants, temporary credentials are issued that reflect the grants. This centralizes authorization management, reduces the size and complexity of S3 bucket policies, and minimizes operational overhead because you manage permissions per identity group rather than constantly editing long bucket policies.

Option B uses S3 access points and Object Lambda Access Points with a Lambda function for data filtering. This is more suitable for content transformation or redaction rather than primary authorization management. It adds operational complexity by requiring custom Lambda code and Object Lambda configuration, and it does not directly solve the problem of large bucket policies for fine-grained permissions.

Option C uses per-bucket S3 access points with attached policies. While access points can simplify some aspects of access control and allow per-application policies, using many access points with detailed policies can still lead to significant policy complexity. It also does not take advantage of the existing IAM Identity Center integration and does not centrally align permissions with identity groups.

Option D uses AWS Organizations service control policies (SCPs). SCPs are intended to define high-level guardrails and maximum permissions at the account or organizational unit level, not detailed, per-bucket or per-prefix access control for individual users or groups. Using SCPs to express granular S3 bucket permissions would be complex, hard to maintain, and not aligned with the purpose of SCPs.

Therefore, using S3 Access Grants integrated with IAM Identity Center (option A) provides a centralized, identity-aware, low-overhead way to manage granular S3 access without hitting S3 bucket policy size limits.

[References:AWS documentation on S3 Access Grants for identity-based, fine-grained access control to S3 resources integrated with IAM Identity Center.AWS best practices for separating high-level guardrails (SCPs) from resource-level permissions and using identity-aware S3 controls instead of overly large bucket policies., ]

Question 4

A company needs to create and manage multiple AWS accounts for a number of departments from a central location. The security team requires read-only access to all accounts from its own AWS account. The company is using AWS Organizations and created an account for the security team.

How should a solutions architect meet these requirements?

Options:

Use the OrganizationAccountAccessRole IAM role to create a new IAM policy with read-only access in each member account. Establish a trust relationship between the IAM policy in each member account and the security account. Ask the security team to use the IAM policy to gain access.

Use the Organization AccountAccessRole IAM role to create a new IAM role with read-only access in each member account. Establish a trust relationship between the IAM role in each member account and the security account. Ask the security team to use the IAM role to gain access.

Ask the security team to use AWS Security Token Service (AWS STS) lo call the AssumeRole API tor the Organization AccountAccessRole IAM role in the management account from the security account. Use the generated temporary credentials to gain access.

Ask the security team to use AWS Security Token Service (AWS STS) to call the AssumeRole API for the Organization AccountAccessRole IAM role in the member account from the security account. Use the generated temporary credentials to gain access.

Question 5

A company is developing a new service that will be accessed using TCP on a static port A solutions architect must ensure that the service is highly available, has redundancy across Availability Zones, and is accessible using the DNS name myservice.com, which is publicly accessible The service must use fixed address assignments so other companies can add the addresses to their allow lists.

Assuming that resources are deployed in multiple Availability Zones in a single Region, which solution will meet these requirements?

Options:

Create Amazon EC2 instances with an Elastic IP address for each instance Create a Network Load Balancer (NLB) and expose the static TCP port Register EC2instances with the NLB Create a new name server record set named my service com, and assign the Elastic IP addresses of the EC2 instances to the record set Provide the Elastic IP addresses of the EC2 instances to the other companies to add to their allow lists

Create an Amazon ECS cluster and a service definition for the application Create and assign public IP addresses for the ECS cluster Create a Network Load Balancer (NLB) and expose the TCP port Create a target group and assign the ECS cluster name to the NLB Create a new A record set named my service com and assign the public IP addresses of the ECS cluster to the record set Provide the public IP addresses of the ECS cluster to the other com

Create Amazon EC2 instances for the service Create one Elastic IP address for each Availability Zone Create a Network Load Balancer (NLB) and expose the assigned TCP port Assign the Elastic IP addresses to the NLB for each Availability Zone Create a target group and register the EC2 instances with the NLB Create a new A (alias) record set named my service com, and assign the NLB DNS name to the record set.

Create an Amazon ECS cluster and a service definition for the application Create and assign public IP address for each host in the cluster Create an Application Load Balancer (ALB) and expose the static TCP port Create a target group and assign the ECS service definition name to the ALB Create a new CNAME record set and associate the public IP addresses to the record set Provide the Elastic IP addresses of the Amazon EC2 instances to the ot

Question 6

A company is running an application in the AWS Cloud. The application consists of microservices that run on a fleet of Amazon EC2 instances in multiple Availability Zones behind an Application Load Balancer. The company recently added a new REST API that was implemented in Amazon API Gateway. Some of the older microservices that run on EC2 instances need to call this new API.

The company does not want the API to be accessible from the public internet and does not want proprietary data to traverse the public internet

What should a solutions architect do to meet these requirements?

Options:

Create an AWS Site-to-Site VPN connection between the VPC and the API Gateway. Use API Gateway to generate a unique API key for each microservice. Configure the API methods to require the key.

Create an interface VPC endpoint for API Gateway, and set an endpoint policy to only allow access to the specific API Add a resource policy to API Gateway to only allow access from the VPC endpoint. Change the API Gateway endpoint type to private.

Modify the API Gateway to use 1AM authentication. Update the 1AM policy for the 1AM role that is assigned to the EC2 Instances to allow access to the API Gateway. Move the API Gateway into a new VPC Deploy a transit gateway and connect the VPCs.

Create an accelerator in AWS Global Accelerator, and connect the accelerator to the API Gateway. Update the route table for all VPC subnets with a route to the created Global Accelerator endpoint IP address. Add an API key for each service to use for authentication.

Question 7

A financial services company loaded millions of historical stock trades into an Amazon DynamoDB table. The table uses on-demand capacity mode. Once each day at midnight, a few million new records are loaded into the table. Application read activity against the table happens in bursts throughout the day. and a limited set of keys are repeatedly looked up. The company needs to reduce costs associated with DynamoDB.

Which strategy should a solutions architect recommend to meet this requirement?

Options:

Deploy an Amazon ElastiCache cluster in front of the DynamoDB table.

Deploy DynamoDB Accelerator (DAX). Configure DynamoDB auto scaling. Purchase Savings Plans in Cost Explorer

Use provisioned capacity mode. Purchase Savings Plans in Cost Explorer.

Deploy DynamoDB Accelerator (DAX). Use provisioned capacity mode. Configure DynamoDB auto scaling.

Question 8

A company is running a web application in the AWS Cloud. The application consists of dynamic content that is created on a set of Amazon EC2 instances. The

EC2 instances run in an Auto Scaling group that is configured as a target group for an Application Load Balancer (ALB).

The company is using an Amazon CloudFront distribution to distribute the application globally. The CloudFront distribution uses the ALB as an origin. The company uses Amazon Route 53 for DNS and has created an A record of for the CloudFront distribution.

A solutions architect must configure the application so that itis highly available and fault tolerant.

Which solution meets these requirements?

Options:

Provision a full, secondary application deployment in a different AWS Region. Update the Route 53 A record to be a failover record. Add both of the CloudFront distributions as values. Create Route 53 health checks.

Provision an ALB, an Auto Scaling group, and EC2 instances in a different AWS Region. Update the CloudFront distribution, and create a second origin for the new ALB. Create an origin group for the two origins. Configure one origin as primary and one origin as secondary.

Provision an Auto Scaling group and EC2 instances in a different AWS Region. Create a second target for the new Auto Scaling group in the ALB. Set up the failover routing algorithm on the ALB.

Provision a full, secondary application deployment in a different AWS Region. Create a second CloudFront distribution, and add the new application setup as an origin. Create an AWS Global Accelerator accelerator. Add both of the CloudFront distributions as endpoints.

Question 9

A company is hosting a monolithic REST-based API for a mobile app on five Amazon EC2 instances in public subnets of a VPC. Mobile clients connect to the API by using a domain name that is hosted on Amazon Route 53. The company has created a Route 53 multivalue answer routing policy with the IP addresses of all the EC2 instances. Recently, the app has been overwhelmed by large and sudden increases to traffic. The app has not been able to keep up with the traffic.

A solutions architect needs to implement a solution so that the app can handle the new and varying load.

Which solution will meet these requirements with the LEAST operational overhead?

Options:

Separate the API into individual AWS Lambda functions. Configure an Amazon API Gateway REST API with Lambda integration for the backend. Update the Route 53 record to point to the API Gateway API.

Containerize the API logic. Create an Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service (Amazon EKS) cluster. Run the containers in the cluster by using Amazon EC2. Create a Kubernetes ingress. Update the Route 53 record to point to the Kubernetes ingress.

Create an Auto Scaling group. Place all the EC2 instances in the Auto Scaling group. Configure the Auto Scaling group to perform scaling actions that are based on CPU utilization. Create an AWS Lambda function that reacts to Auto Scaling group changes and updates the Route 53 record.

Create an Application Load Balancer (ALB) in front of the API. Move the EC2 instances to private subnets in the VPC. Add the EC2 instances as targets for the ALB. Update the Route 53 record to point to the ALB.

Question 10

A company has an on-premises Microsoft SOL Server database that writes a nightly 200 GB export to a local drive. The company wants to move the backups to more robust cloud storage on Amazon S3. The company has set up a 10 Gbps AWS Direct Connect connection between the on-premises data center and AWS.

Which solution meets these requirements MOST cost-effectively?

Options:

Create a new S3 bucket. Deploy an AWS Storage Gateway file gateway within the VPC that Is connected to the Direct Connect connection. Create a new SMB file share. Write nightly database exports to the new SMB file share.

Create an Amazon FSx for Windows File Server Single-AZ file system within the VPC that is connected to the Direct Connect connection. Create a new SMB file share. Write nightly database exports to an SMB file share on the Amazon FSx file system. Enable nightly backups.

Create an Amazon FSx for Windows File Server Multi-AZ file system within the VPC that is connected to the Direct Connect connection. Create a new SMB file share. Write nightly database exports to an SMB file share on the Amazon FSx file system. Enable nightly backups.

Create a new S3 bucket. Deploy an AWS Storage Gateway volume gateway within the VPC that Is connected to the Direct Connect connection. Create a new SMB file share. Write nightly database exports to the new SMB file share on the volume gateway, and automate copies of this data to an S3 bucket.

Question 11

A company has an organization that has many AWS accounts in AWS Organizations. A solutions architect must improve how the company manages common security group rules for the AWS accounts in the organization.

The company has a common set of IP CIDR ranges in an allow list in each AWS account to allow access to and from the company's on-premises network.

Developers within each account are responsible for adding new IP CIDR ranges to their security groups. The security team has its own AWS account. Currently, the security team notifies the owners of the other AWS accounts when changes are made to the allow list.

The solutions architect must design a solution that distributes the common set of CIDR ranges across all accounts.

Which solution meets these requirements with the LEAST amount of operational overhead?

Options:

Set up an Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS) topic in the security team's AWS account. Deploy an AWS Lambda function in each AWS account. Configure the Lambda function to run every time an SNS topic receives a message. Configure the Lambda function to take an IP address as input and add it to a list of security groups in the account. Instruct the security team to distribute changes by publishing messages to its SNS topic.

Create new customer-managed prefix lists in each AWS account within the organization. Populate the prefix lists in each account with all internal CIDR ranges. Notify the owner of each AWS account to allow the new customer-managed prefix list IDs in their accounts in their security groups. Instruct the security team to share updates with each AWS account owner.

Create a new customer-managed prefix list in the security team's AWS account. Populate the customer-managed prefix list with all internal CIDR ranges. Share the customer-managed prefix list with the organization by using AWS Resource Access Manager. Notify the owner of each AWS account to allow the new customer-managed prefix list ID in their security groups.

Create an IAM role in each account in the organization. Grant permissions to update security groups. Deploy an AWS Lambda function in the security team's AWS account. Configure the Lambda function to take a list of internal IP addresses as input, assume a role in each organization account, and add the list of IP addresses to the security groups in each account.

Question 12

A solutions architect has developed a web application that uses an Amazon API Gateway Regional endpoint and an AWS Lambda function. The consumers of the web application are all close to the AWS Region where the application will be deployed. The Lambda function only queries an Amazon Aurora MySQL database. The solutions architect has configured the database to have three read replicas.

During testing, the application does not meet performance requirements. Under high load, the application opens a large number of database connections. The solutions architect must improve the application's performance.

Which actions should the solutions architect take to meet these requirements? (Choose two.)

Options:

Use the cluster endpoint of the Aurora database.

Use RDS Proxy to set up a connection pool to the reader endpoint of the Aurora database.

Use the Lambda Provisioned Concurrency feature.

Move the code for opening the database connection in the Lambda function outside of the event handler.

Change the API Gateway endpoint to an edge-optimized endpoint.

Question 13

A large company is migrating ils entire IT portfolio to AWS. Each business unit in the company has a standalone AWS account that supports both development and test environments. New accounts to support production workloads will be needed soon.

The finance department requires a centralized method for payment but must maintain visibility into each group's spending to allocate costs.

The security team requires a centralized mechanism to control 1AM usage in all the company's accounts.

What combination of the following options meet the company's needs with the LEAST effort? (Select TWO.)

Options:

Use a collection of parameterized AWS CloudFormation templates defining common 1AM permissions that are launched into each account. Require all new and existing accounts to launch the appropriate stacks to enforce the least privilege model.

Use AWS Organizations to create a new organization from a chosen payer account and define an organizational unit hierarchy. Invite the existing accounts to join the organization and create new accounts using Organizations.

Require each business unit to use its own AWS accounts. Tag each AWS account appropriately and enable Cost Explorer to administer chargebacks.

Enable all features of AWS Organizations and establish appropriate service control policies that filter 1AM permissions for sub-accounts.

Consolidate all of the company's AWS accounts into a single AWS account. Use tags for billing purposes and the lAM's Access Advisor feature to enforce the least privilege model.

Answer:

B, D

Explanation:

Option B is correct because AWS Organizations allows a company to create a new organization from a chosen payer account and define an organizational unit hierarchy. This way, the finance department can have a centralized method for payment but also maintain visibility into each group’s spending to allocate costs. The company can also invite the existing accounts to join the organization and create new accounts using Organizations, which simplifies the account management process.

Option D is correct because enabling all features of AWS Organizations and establishing appropriate service control policies (SCPs) that filter IAM permissions for sub-accounts allows the security team to have a centralized mechanism to control IAM usage in all the company’s accounts. SCPs are policies that specify the maximum permissions for an organization or organizational unit (OU), and they can be used to restrict access to certain services or actions across all accounts in an organization.

Option A is incorrect because using a collection of parameterized AWS CloudFormation templates defining common IAM permissions that are launched into each account requires more effort than using SCPs. Moreover, it does not provide a centralized mechanism to control IAM usage, as each account would have to launch the appropriate stacks to enforce the least privilege model.

Option C is incorrect because requiring each business unit to use its own AWS accounts does not provide a centralized method for payment or a centralized mechanism to control IAM usage. Tagging each AWS account appropriately and enabling Cost Explorer to administer chargebacks may help with cost allocation, but it is not as efficient as using AWS Organizations.

Option E is incorrect because consolidating all of the company’s AWS accounts into a single AWS account does not provide visibility into each group’s spending or a way to control IAM usage for different business units. Using tags for billing purposes and the IAM’s Access Advisor feature to enforce the least privilege model may help with cost optimization and security, but it is not as scalable or flexible as using AWS Organizations.

AWS Organizations

Service Control Policies

AWS CloudFormation

Cost Explorer

IAM Access Advisor

Question 14

A solutions architect is preparing to deploy a new security tool into several previously unused AWS Regions. The solutions architect will deploy the tool by using an AWS CloudFormation stack set. The stack set's template contains an 1AM role that has a custom name. Upon creation of the stack set. no stack instances are created successfully.

What should the solutions architect do to deploy the stacks successfully?

Options:

Enable the new Regions in all relevant accounts. Specify the CAPABILITY_NAMED_IAM capability during the creation of the stack set.

Use the Service Quotas console to request a quota increase for the number of CloudFormation stacks in each new Region in all relevant accounts. Specify the CAPABILITYJAM capability during the creation of the stack set.

Specify the CAPABILITY_NAMED_IAM capability and the SELF_MANAGED permissions model during the creation of the stack set.

Specify an administration role ARN and the CAPABILITYJAM capability during the creation of the stack set.

Question 15

A company wants to migrate its data analytics environment from on premises to AWS The environment consists of two simple Node js applications One of the applications collects sensor data and loads it into a MySQL database The other application aggregates the data into reports When the aggregation jobs run. some of the load jobs fail to run correctly

The company must resolve the data loading issue The company also needs the migration to occur without interruptions or changes for the company's customers

What should a solutions architect do to meet these requirements?

Options:

Set up an Amazon Aurora MySQL database as a replication target for the on-premises database Create an Aurora Replica for the Aurora MySQL database, and move the aggregation jobs to run against the Aurora Replica Set up collection endpomts as AWS Lambda functions behind a Network Load Balancer (NLB). and use Amazon RDS Proxy to wnte to the Aurora MySQL database When the databases are synced disable the replication job and restart the Aurora

Set up an Amazon Aurora MySQL database Use AWS Database Migration Service (AWS DMS) to perform continuous data replication from the on-premises database to Aurora Move the aggregation jobs to run against the Aurora MySQL database Set up collection endpomts behind an Application Load Balancer (ALB) as Amazon EC2 instances in an Auto Scaling group When the databases are synced, point the collector DNS record to the ALB Disable the AWS DMS syn

Set up an Amazon Aurora MySQL database Use AWS Database Migration Service (AWS DMS) to perform continuous data replication from the on-premises database to Aurora Create an AuroraReplica for the Aurora MySQL database and move the aggregation jobs to run against the Aurora Replica Set up collection endpoints as AWS Lambda functions behind an Application Load Balancer (ALB) and use Amazon RDS Proxy to write to the Aurora MySQL database When t

Set up an Amazon Aurora MySQL database Create an Aurora Replica for the Aurora MySQL database and move the aggregation jobs to run against the Aurora Replica Set up collection endpoints as an Amazon Kinesis data stream Use Amazon Kinesis Data Firehose to replicate the data to the Aurora MySQL database When the databases are synced disable the replication job and restart the Aurora Replica as the primary instance Point the collector DNS reco

Question 16

A company runs many workloads on AWS and uses AWS Organizations to manage its accounts. The workloads are hosted on Amazon EC2. AWS Fargate. and AWS Lambda. Some of the workloads have unpredictable demand. Accounts record high usage in some months and low usage in other months.

The company wants to optimize its compute costs over the next 3 years A solutions architect obtains a 6-month average for each of the accounts across the organization to calculate usage.

Which solution will provide the MOST cost savings for all the organization's compute usage?

Options:

Purchase Reserved Instances for the organization to match the size and number of the most common EC2 instances from the member accounts.

Purchase a Compute Savings Plan for the organization from the management account by using the recommendation at the management account level

Purchase Reserved Instances for each member account that had high EC2 usage according to the data from the last 6 months.

Purchase an EC2 Instance Savings Plan for each member account from the management account based on EC2 usage data from the last 6 months.

Question 17

A company is using AWS CloudFormation to deploy its infrastructure. The company is concerned that, if a production CloudFormation stack is deleted, important data stored in Amazon RDS databases or Amazon EBS volumes might also be deleted.

How can the company prevent users from accidentally deleting data in this way?

Options:

Modify the CloudFormation templates to add a DeletionPolicy attribute to RDS and EBS resources.

Configure a stack policy that disallows the deletion of RDS and EBS resources.

Modify 1AM policies to deny deleting RDS and EBS resources that are tagged with an "awsrcloudformation: stack-name" tag.

Use AWS Config rules to prevent deleting RDS and EBS resources.

Question 18

A retail company has an on-premises data center in Europe. The company also has a multi-Region AWS presence that includes the eu-west-1 and us-east-1 Regions. The company wants to be able to route network traffic from its on-premises infrastructure into VPCs in either of those Regions. The company also needs to support traffic that is routed directly between VPCs in those Regions. No single points of failure can exist on the network.

The company already has created two 1 Gbps AWS Direct Connect connections from its on-premises data center. Each connection goes into a separate Direct Connect location in Europe for high availability. These two locations are named DX-A and DX-B, respectively. Each Region has a single AWS Transit Gateway that is configured to route all inter-VPC traffic within that Region.

Which solution will meet these requirements?

Options:

Create a private VIF from the DX-A connection into a Direct Connect gateway. Create a private VIF from the DX-B connection into the same Direct Connect gateway for high availability. Associate both the eu-west-1 and us-east-1 transit gateways with the Direct Connect gateway. Peer the transit gateways with each other to support cross-Region routing.

Create a transit VIF from the DX-A connection into a Direct Connect gateway. Associate the eu-west-1 transit gateway with this Direct Connect gateway. Create a transit VIF from the DX-B connection into a separate Direct Connect gateway. Associate the us-east-1 transit gateway with this separate Direct Connect gateway. Peer the Direct Connect gateways with each other to support high availability and cross-Region routing.

Create a transit VIF from the DX-A connection into a Direct Connect gateway. Create a transit VIF from the DX-B connection into the same Direct Connect gateway for high availability. Associate both the eu-west-1 and us-east-1 transit gateways with this Direct Connect gateway. Configure the Direct Connect gateway to route traffic between the transit gateways.

Create a transit VIF from the DX-A connection into a Direct Connect gateway. Create a transit VIF from the DX-B connection into the same Direct Connect gateway for high availability. Associate both the eu-west-1 and us-east-1 transit gateways with this Direct Connect gateway. Peer the transit gateways with each other to support cross-Region routing.

Question 19

A company has a project that is launching Amazon EC2 instances that are larger than required. The project's account cannot be part of the company's organization in AWS Organizations due to policy restrictions to keep this activity outside of corporate IT. The company wants to allow only the launch of t3.small

EC2 instances by developers in the project's account. These EC2 instances must be restricted to the us-east-2 Region.

What should a solutions architect do to meet these requirements?

Options:

Create a new developer account. Move all EC2 instances, users, and assets into us-east-2. Add the account to the company's organization in AWS Organizations. Enforce a tagging policy that denotes Region affinity.

Create an SCP that denies the launch of all EC2 instances except t3.small EC2 instances in us-east-2. Attach the SCP to the project's account.

Create and purchase a t3.small EC2 Reserved Instance for each developer in us-east-2. Assign each developer a specific EC2 instance with their name as the tag.

Create an IAM policy than allows the launch of only t3.small EC2 instances in us-east-2. Attach the policy to the roles and groups that the developers use in the project's account.

Question 20

A company has an application that uses an on-premises Oracle database. The company is migrating the database to the AWS Cloud. The database contains customer data and stored procedures.

The company needs to migrate the database as quickly as possible with minimum downtime. The solution on AWS must provide high availability and must use managed services for the database.

Which solution will meet these requirements?

Options:

Use AWS DMS to replicate data from the on-premises Oracle database to a new Amazon RDS for Oracle database. Transfer the database files to an Amazon S3 bucket. Configure the RDS database to use the S3 bucket as database storage. Set up S3 replication for high availability. Redirect the application to the RDS DB instance.

Create a database backup of the on-premises Oracle database. Upload the backup to an Amazon S3 bucket. Shut down the on-premises Oracle database to avoid any new transactions. Restore the backup to a new Oracle cluster that consists of Amazon EC2 instances across two Availability Zones. Redirect the application to the EC2 instances.

Use AWS DMS to replicate data from the on-premises Oracle database to a new Amazon DynamoDB table. Use DynamoDB Accelerator (DAX) and implement global tables for high availability. Rewrite the stored procedures in AWS Lambda. Run the stored procedures in DAX. After replication, redirect the application to the DAX cluster endpoint.

Use AWS DMS to replicate data from the on-premises Oracle database to a new Amazon Aurora PostgreSQL database. Use AWS SCT to convert the schema and stored procedures. Redirect the application to the Aurora DB cluster.

Question 21

A company wants to use Amazon S3 to back up its on-premises file storage solution. The company's on-premises file storage solution supports NFS, and the company wants its new solution to support NFS. The company wants to archive the backup files after 5 days. If the company needs archived files for disaster recovery, t he company is willing to wait a few days for the retrieval of those files.

Which solution meets these requirements MOST cost-effectively?

Options:

Deploy an AWS Storage Gateway files gateway that is associated with an S3 bucket. Move the files from the on-premises file storage solution to the file gateway. Create an S3 Lifecycle rule to move the file to S3 Standard-Infrequent Access (S3 Standard-IA) after 5 days.

Deploy an AWS Storage Gateway volume gateway that is associated with an S3 bucket. Move the files from the on-premises file storage solution to the volume gateway. Create an S3 Lifecycle rule to move the files to S3 Glacier Deep Archive after 5 days.

Deploy an AWS Storage Gateway tape gateway that is associated with an S3 bucket. Move the files from the on-premises file storage solution to the tape gateway. Create an S3 Lifecycle rule to move the files to S3 Standard-Infrequent Access (S3 Standard-IA) after 5 days.

Deploy an AWS Storage Gateway file gateway that is associated with an S3 bucket. Move the files from the on-premises file storage solution to the tape gateway. Create an S3 Lifecycle rule to move the files to S3 Standard-Infrequent Access (S3 Standard-IA) after 5 days.

Deploy an AWS Storage Gateway file gateway that is associated with an S3 bucket. Move the files from the on-premises file storage solution to the file gateway. Create an S3 Lifecycle rule to move the files to S3 Glacier Deep Archive after 5 days.

Question 22

A company runs applications in hundreds of production AWS accounts. The company uses AWS Organizations with all features enabled and has a centralized backup

operation that uses AWS Backup.

The company is concerned about ransomware attacks. To address this concern, the company has created a new policy that all backups must be resilient to breaches of privileged-user credentials in any production account.

Which combination of steps will meet this new requirement? (Select THREE.)

Options:

Implement cross-account backup with AWS Backup vaults in designated non-production accounts.

Add an SCP that restricts the modification of AWS Backup vaults.

Implement AWS Backup Vault Lock in compliance mode.

Configure the backup frequency, lifecycle, and retention period to ensure that at least one backup always exists in the cold tier.

Configure AWS Backup to write all backups to an Amazon S3 bucket in a designated non-production account. Ensure that the S3 bucket has S3 Object Lock enabled.

Implement least privilege access for the IAM service role that is assigned to AWS Backup.

Question 23

A company needs to audit the security posture of a newly acquired AWS account. The company’s data security team requires a notification only when an Amazon S3 bucket becomes publicly exposed. The company has already established an Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS) topic that has the data security team's email address subscribed.

Which solution will meet these requirements?

Options:

Create an S3 event notification on all S3 buckets for the isPublic event. Select the SNS topic as the target for the event notifications.

Create an analyzer in AWS Identity and Access Management Access Analyzer. Create an Amazon EventBridge rule for the event type “Access Analyzer Finding” with a filter for “isPublic: true.” Select the SNS topic as the EventBridge rule target.

Create an Amazon EventBridge rule for the event type “Bucket-Level API Call via CloudTrail” with a filter for “PutBucketPolicy.” Select the SNS topic as the EventBridge rule target.

Activate AWS Config and add the cloudtrail-s3-dataevents-enabled rule. Create an Amazon EventBridge rule for the event type “Config Rules Re-evaluation Status” with a filter for “NON_COMPLIANT.” Select the SNS topic as the EventBridge rule target.

Question 24

A company is building a call center by using Amazon Connect. The company’s operations team is defining a disaster recovery (DR) strategy across AWS Regions. The contact center has dozens of contact flows, hundreds of users, and dozens of claimed phone numbers.

Which solution will provide DR with the LOWEST RTO?

Options:

Create an AWS Lambda function to check the availability of the Amazon Connect instance and to send a notification to the operations team in case of unavailability. Create an Amazon EventBridge rule to invoke the Lambda function every 5 minutes. After notification, instruct the operations team to use the AWS Management Console to provision a new Amazon Connect instance in a second Region. Deploy the contact flows, users, and claimed phone nu

Provision a new Amazon Connect instance with all existing users in a second Region. Create an AWS Lambda function to check the availability of the Amazon Connect instance. Create an Amazon EventBridge rule to invoke the Lambda function every 5 minutes. In the event of an issue, configure the Lambda function to deploy an AWS CloudFormation template that provisions contact flows and claimed numbers in the second Region.

Provision a new Amazon Connect instance with all existing contact flows and claimed phone numbers in a second Region. Create an Amazon Route 53 health check for the URL of the Amazon Connect instance. Create an Amazon CloudWatch alarm for failed health checks. Create an AWS Lambda function to deploy an AWS CloudFormation template that provisions all users. Configure the alarm to invoke the Lambda function.

Provision a new Amazon Connect instance with all existing users and contact flows in a second Region. Create an Amazon Route 53 health check for the URL of the Amazon Connect instance. Create an Amazon CloudWatch alarm for failed health checks. Create an AWS Lambda function to deploy an AWS CloudFormation template that provisions claimed phone numbers. Configure the alarm to invoke the Lambda function.

Question 25

A solutions architect needs to assess a newly acquired company’s portfolio of applications and databases. The solutions architect must create a business case to migrate the portfolio to AWS. The newly acquired company runs applications in an on-premises data center. The data center is not well documented. The solutions architect cannot immediately determine how many applications and databases exist. Traffic for the applications is variable. Some applications are batch processes that run at the end of each month.

The solutions architect must gain a better understanding of the portfolio before a migration to AWS can begin.

Which solution will meet these requirements?

Options:

Use AWS Server Migration Service (AWS SMS) and AWS Database Migration Service (AWS DMS) to evaluate migration. Use AWS Service Catalog to understand application and database dependencies.

Use AWS Application Migration Service. Run agents on the on-premises infrastructure. Manage the agents by using AWS Migration Hub. Use AWS Storage Gateway to assess local storage needs and database dependencies.

Use Migration Evaluator to generate a list of servers. Build a report for a business case. Use AWS Migration Hub to view the portfolio. Use AWS Application Discovery Service to gain anunderstanding of application dependencies.

Use AWS Control Tower in the destination account to generate an application portfolio. Use AWS Server Migration Service (AWS SMS) to generate deeper reports and a business case. Use a landing zone for core accounts and resources.

Question 26

A company wants to send data from its on-premises systems to Amazon S3 buckets. The company created the S3 buckets in three different accounts. The company must send the data privately without the data traveling across the internet The company has no existing dedicated connectivity to AWS

Which combination of steps should a solutions architect take to meet these requirements? (Select TWO.)

Options:

Establish a networking account in the AWS Cloud Create a private VPC in the networking account. Set up an AWS Direct Connect connection with a private VIF between the on-premises environment and the private VPC.

Establish a networking account in the AWS Cloud Create a private VPC in the networking account. Set up an AWS Direct Connect connection with a public VlF between the on-premises environment and the private VPC.

Create an Amazon S3 interface endpoint in the networking account.

Create an Amazon S3 gateway endpoint in the networking account.

Establish a networking account in the AWS Cloud Create a private VPC in the networking account. Peer VPCs from the accounts that host the S3 buckets with the VPC in the network account.

Question 27

A company is replicating an application in a secondary AWS Region. The application in the primary Region reads from and writes to several Amazon DynamoDB tables. The application also reads customer data from an Amazon RDS for MySQL DB instance. The company plans to use the secondary Region as part of a disaster recovery plan. The application in the secondary Region must function without dependencies on the primary Region. Which solution will meet these requirements with the LEAST development effort?

Options:

Configure DynamoDB global tables. Replicate the required tables to the secondary Region. Create a read replica of the RDS DB instance in the secondary Region. Configure the secondary application to use the DynamoDB tables and the read replica in the secondary Region.

Use DynamoDB Accelerator (DAX) to cache the required tables in the secondary Region. Create a read replica of the RDS DB instance in the secondary Region. Configure the secondary application to use DAX and the read replica in the secondary Region.

Configure DynamoDB global tables. Replicate the required tables to the secondary Region. Enable Multi-AZ for the RDS DB instance. Configure the standby replica to be created in the secondary Region. Configure the secondary application to use the DynamoDB tables and the standby replica in the secondary Region.

Set up DynamoDB streams from the primary Region. Process the streams in the secondary Region to populate new DynamoDB tables. Create a read replica of the RDS DB instance in the secondary Region. Configure the secondary application to use the DynamoDB tables and the read replica in the secondary Region.

Question 28

A company is migrating a document processing workload to AWS. The company has updated many applications to natively use the Amazon S3 API to store, retrieve, and modify documents that a processing server generates at a rate of approximately 5 documents every second. After the document processing is finished, customers can download the documents directly from Amazon S3.

During the migration, the company discovered that it could not immediately update the processing server that generates many documents to support the S3 API. The server runs on Linux and requires fast local access to the files that the server generates and modifies. When the server finishes processing, the files must be available to the public for download within 30 minutes.

Which solution will meet these requirements with the LEAST amount of effort?

Options:

Migrate the application to an AWS Lambda function. Use the AWS SDK for Java to generate, modify, and access the files that the company stores directly in Amazon S3.

Set up an Amazon S3 File Gateway and configure a file share that is linked to the document store. Mount the file share on an Amazon EC2 instance by using NFS. When changes occur in Amazon S3, initiate a RefreshCache API call to update the S3 File Gateway.

Configure Amazon FSx for Lustre with an import and export policy. Link the new file system to an S3 bucket. Install the Lustre client and mount the document store to an Amazon EC2 instance by using NFS.

Configure AWS DataSync to connect to an Amazon EC2 instance. Configure a task to synchronize the generated files to and from Amazon S3.

Answer:

Explanation:

The company should configure Amazon FSx for Lustre with an import and export policy. The company should link the new file system to an S3 bucket. The company should install the Lustre client and mount the document store to an Amazon EC2 instance by using NFS. This solution will meet the requirements with the least amount of effort because Amazon FSx for Lustre is a fully managed service that provides a high-performance filesystem optimized for fast processing of workloads such as machine learning, highperformance computing, video processing, financial modeling, and electronic design automation1. Amazon FSx for Lustre can be linked to an S3 bucket and can import data from and export data to the bucket2. The import and export policy can be configured to automatically import new or changed objects from S3 and export new or changed files to S33. This will ensure that the files are available to the public for download within 30 minutes. Amazon FSx for Lustre supports NFS version 3.0 protocol for Linux clients.

The other options are not correct because:

Migrating the application to an AWS Lambda function would require a lot of effort and may not be feasible for the existing server that generates many documents. Lambda functions have limitations on execution time, memory, disk space, and network bandwidth.

Setting up an Amazon S3 File Gateway would not work because S3 File Gateway does not support write-back caching, which means that files written to the file share are uploaded to S3 immediately and are not available locally until they are downloaded again. This would not provide fast local access to the files that the server generates and modifies.

Configuring AWS DataSync to connect to an Amazon EC2 instance would not meet the requirement of making the files available to the public for download within 30 minutes. DataSync is a service that transfers data between on-premises storage systems and AWS storage services over the internet or AWS Direct Connect. DataSync tasks can be scheduled to run at specific times or intervals, but they are not triggered by file changes.

[References:, https://aws.amazon.com/fsx/lustre/, https://docs.aws.amazon.com/fsx/latest/LustreGuide/create-fs-linked-data-repo.html, https://docs.aws.amazon.com/fsx/latest/LustreGuide/import-export-data-repositories.html, https://docs.aws.amazon.com/fsx/latest/LustreGuide/mounting-on-premises.html, https://docs.aws.amazon.com/lambda/latest/dg/gettingstarted-limits.html, https://docs.aws.amazon.com/storagegateway/latest/userguide/StorageGatewayConcepts.html, https://docs.aws.amazon.com/datasync/latest/userguide/what-is-datasync.html, , , , , , ]

Question 29

A company has used infrastructure as code (IaC) to provision a set of two Amazon EC2 instances. The instances have remained the same for several years.

The company's business has grown rapidly in the past few months. In response the company's operations team has implemented an Auto Scaling group to manage the sudden increases in traffic. Company policy requires a monthly installation of security updates on all operating systems that are running.

The most recent security update required a reboot. As a result, the Auto Scaling group terminated the instances and replaced them with new, unpatched instances.

Which combination of steps should a solutions architect recommend to avoid a recurrence of this issue? (Choose two.)

Options:

Modify the Auto Scaling group by setting the Update policy to target the oldest launch configuration for replacement.

Create a new Auto Scaling group before the next patch maintenance. During the maintenance window, patch both groups and reboot the instances.

Create an Elastic Load Balancer in front of the Auto Scaling group. Configure monitoring to ensure that target group health checks return healthy after the Auto Scaling group replaces the terminated instances.

Create automation scripts to patch an AMI, update the launch configuration, and invoke an Auto Scaling instance refresh.

Create an Elastic Load Balancer in front of the Auto Scaling group. Configure termination protection on the instances.

Question 30

A research center is migrating to the AWS Cloud and has moved its on-premises 1 PB object storage to an Amazon S3 bucket. One hundred scientists are using this object storage to store their work-related documents. Each scientist has a personal folder on the object store. All the scientists are members of a single IAMuser group.

The research center's compliance officer is worried that scientists will be able to access each other's work. The research center has a strict obligation to report on which scientist accesses which documents.

The team that is responsible for these reports has little AWS experience and wants a ready-to-use solution that minimizes operational overhead.

Which combination of actions should a solutions architect take to meet these requirements? (Select TWO.)

Options:

Create an identity policy that grants the user read and write access. Add a condition that specifies that the S3 paths must be prefixed with ${aws:username}. Apply the policy on the scientists' IAM user group.

Configure a trail with AWS CloudTrail to capture all object-level events in the S3 bucket. Store the trail output in another S3 bucket. Use Amazon Athena to query the logs and generate reports.

Enable S3 server access logging. Configure another S3 bucket as the target for log delivery. Use Amazon Athena to query the logs and generate reports.

Create an S3 bucket policy that grants read and write access to users in the scientists' IAM user group.

Configure a trail with AWS CloudTrail to capture all object-level events in the S3 bucket and write the events to Amazon CloudWatch. Use the Amazon Athena CloudWatch connector to query the logs and generate reports.

Question 31

A company has many AWS accounts in an organization in AWS Organizations. The accounts contain many Amazon EC2 instances that run different types of workloads. The workloads have different usage patterns.

The company needs recommendations for how to rightsize the EC2 instances based on CPU and memory usage during the last 90 days.

Which combination of steps will provide these recommendations? (Select THREE.)

Options:

Opt in to AWS Compute Optimizer and enable trusted access for Compute Optimizer for the organization.

Configure a delegated administrator account for AWS Systems Manager for the organization.

Use an AWS CloudFormation stack set to enable detailed monitoring for all the EC2 instances.

Install and configure the Amazon CloudWatch agent on all the EC2 instances to send memory utilization metrics to CloudWatch.

Activate enhanced metrics in AWS Compute Optimizer.

Configure AWS Systems Manager to pass metrics to AWS Trusted Advisor.

Question 32

Question:

A company is modernizing a legacy.NET Frameworkapplication backed by SQL Server. Requirements:

Containerize into microservices.

Control OS patches and storage.

Add load balancing.

Ensure high availability.Which solution meets all of these with minimal refactoring?

Options:

Use App2Container to deploy on ECS EC2 with ALB and RDS for SQL Server.

Use App2Container on ECS EC2 with NLB and Aurora MySQL.

Use Porting Assistant and EKS with Fargate and Aurora MySQL.

Use Porting Assistant and EKS with Fargate and RDS SQL Server.

Question 33

A company has AWS accounts that are in an organization in AWS Organizations. The company wants to track Amazon EC2 usage as a metric. The company's architecture

team must receive a daily alert if the EC2 usage is more than 10% higher thanthe average EC2 usage from the last 30 days.

Which solution will meet these requirements?

Options:

Configure AWS Budgets in the organization's management account. Specify a usage type of EC2 running hours. Specify a daily period. Set the budget amountto be 10% more than the reported average usage for the last 30 days from AWS Cost Explorer. Configure an alert to notify the architecture team if the usagethreshold is met.

Configure AWS Cost Anomaly Detection in the organization's management account. Configure a monitor type of AWS Service. Apply a filter of Amazon EC2.Configure an alert subscription to notify the architecture team if the usage is 10% more than the average usage for the last 30 days.

Enable AWS Trusted Advisor in the organization's management account. Configure a cost optimization advisory alert to notify the architecture team if the EC2usage is 10% more than the reported average usage for the last 30 days.

Configure Amazon Detective in the organization's management account. Configure an EC2 usage anomaly alert to notify the architecture team if Detectiveidentifies a usage anomaly of more than 10%.

Question 34

A company is building an image service on the web that will allow users to upload and search random photos. At peak usage, up to 10.000 users worldwide will upload their images. The service will then overlay text on the uploaded images, which will then be published on the company website.

Which design should a solutions architect implement?

Options:

Store the uploaded images in Amazon Elastic File System (Amazon EFS). Send application log information about each image to Amazon CloudWatch Logs Create a fleet of Amazon EC2 instances that use CloudWatch Logs to determine which images need to be processed Place processed images in another directory in Amazon EFS. Enable Amazon CloudFront and configure the origin to be the one of the EC2 instances in the fleet

Store the uploaded images in an Amazon S3 bucket and configure an S3 bucket event notification to send a message to Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS) Create a fleet of Amazon EC2 instances behind an Application Load Balancer (ALB) to pull messages from Amazon SNS to process the images and place them in Amazon Elastic File System (Amazon EFS) Use Amazon CloudWatch metrics for the SNS message volume to scale out EC2 instances. E

Store the uploaded images in an Amazon S3 bucket and configure an S3 bucket event notification to send a message to the Amazon Simple Queue Service (Amazon SQS) queue Create a fleet of Amazon EC2 instances to pull messages from the SQS queue to process the images and place them in another S3 bucket. Use Amazon CloudWatch metncs for queue depth to scale out EC2 instances Enable Amazon CloudFront and configure the origin to be the S3 bucket t

Store the uploaded images on a shared Amazon Elastic Block Store (Amazon EBS) volume amounted to a fleet of Amazon EC2 Spot instances. Create an AmazonDynamoDB table that contains information about each uploaded image and whether it has been processed Use an Amazon EventBndge rule to scale out EC2 instances. Enable Amazon CloudFront and configure the origin to reference an Elastic Load Balancer in front of the fleet of EC2 instances.

Question 35

A company is migrating an application to AWS. It wants to use fully managed services as much as possible during the migration The company needs to store large, important documents within the application with the following requirements

1 The data must be highly durable and available

2. The data must always be encrypted at rest and in transit.

3 The encryption key must be managed by the company and rotated periodically

Which of the following solutions should the solutions architect recommend?

Options:

Deploy the storage gateway to AWS in file gateway mode Use Amazon EBS volume encryption using an AWS KMS key to encrypt the storage gateway volumes

Use Amazon S3 with a bucket policy to enforce HTTPS for connections to the bucket and to enforce server-side encryption and AWS KMS for object encryption.

Use Amazon DynamoDB with SSL to connect to DynamoDB Use an AWS KMS key to encrypt DynamoDB objects at rest.

Deploy instances with Amazon EBS volumes attached to store this data Use EBS volume encryption using an AWS KMS key to encrypt the data.

Question 36

A company is planning to migrate an Amazon RDS for Oracle database to an RDS for PostgreSQL DB instance in another AWS account. A solutions architect needs to design a migration strategy that will require no downtime and that will minimize the amount of time necessary to complete the migration. The migration strategy must replicate all existing data and any new data that is created during the migration The target database must be identical to the source database at completion of the migration process

All applications currently use an Amazon Route 53 CNAME record as their endpoint for communication with the RDS for Oracle DB instance The RDS for Oracle DB instance is in a private subnet.

Which combination of steps should the solutions architect take to meet these requirements? (Select THREE)

Options:

Create a new RDS for PostgreSQL DB instance in the target account Use the AWS Schema Conversion Tool (AWS SCT) to migrate the database schema from the source database to the target database

Use the AWS Schema Conversion Tool (AWS SCT) to create a new RDS for PostgreSQL DB instance in the target account with the schema and initial data from thesource database

Configure VPC peering between the VPCs in the two AWS accounts to provide connectivity to both DB instances from the target account. Configure the security groups that are attached to each DB instance to allow traffic on the database port from the VPC in the target account.

Temporarily allow the source DB instance to be publicly accessible to provide connectivity from the VPC in the target account Configure the security groups that are attached to each DB instance to allow traffic on the database port from the VPC in the target account.

Use AWS Database Migration Service (AWS DMS) in the target account to perform a full load plus change data capture (CDC) migration from the source database to the target database When the migration is complete, change the CNAME record to point to the target DB instance endpoint

Use AWS Database Migration Service (AWS DMS) in the target account to perform a change data capture (CDC) migration from the source database to the target database When the migration is complete change the CNAME record to pointto the target DB instance endpoint.

Question 37

A company creates an Amazon API Gateway API and shares the API with an external development team. The API uses AWS Lambda functions and is deployed to a stage that is named Production.

The external development team is the sole consumer of the API. The API experiences sudden increases of usage at specific times, leading to concerns about increased costs. The company needs to limit cost and usage without reworking the Lambda functions.

Which solution will meet these requirements MOST cost-effectivery?

Options:

Configure the API to send requests to Amazon SQS queues instead of directly to the Lambda functions. Update the Lambda functions to consume messages from the queues and to process the requests. Set up the queues to invoke the Lambda functions when new messages arrive.

Configure provisioned concurrency for each Lambda function. Use AWS Application Auto Scaling to register the Lambda functions as targets. Set up scaling schedules to increase and decrease capacity to match changes in API usage.

Create an API Gateway API key and an AWS WAF Regional web ACL. Associate the web ACL with the Production stage. Add a rate-based rule to the web ACL. In the rule, specify the rate limit and a custom request aggregation that uses the X-API-Key header. Share the API key with the external development team.

Create an API Gateway API key and usage plan. Define throttling limits and quotas in the usage plan. Associate the usage plan with the Production stage and the API key. Share the API key with the external development team.

Question 38

A financial services company runs a complex, multi-tier application on Amazon EC2 instances and AWS Lambda functions. The application stores temporary data in Amazon S3. The S3 objects are valid for only 45 minutes and are deleted after 24 hours.

The company deploys each version of the application by launching an AWS CloudFormation stack. The stack creates all resources that are required to run the application. When the company deploys and validates a new application version, the company deletes the CloudFormation stack of the old version.

The company recently tried to delete the CloudFormation stack of an old application version, but the operation failed. An analysis shows that CloudFormation failed to delete an existing S3 bucket. A solutions architect needs to resolve this issue without making major changes to the application's architecture.

Which solution meets these requirements?

Options:

Implement a Lambda function that deletes all files from a given S3 bucket. Integrate this Lambda function as a custom resource into the CloudFormation stack. Ensure that the custom resource has a DependsOn attribute that points to the S3 bucket's resource.

Modify the CloudFormation template to provision an Amazon Elastic File System (Amazon EFS) file system to store the temporary files there instead of in Amazon S3. Configure the Lambda functions to run in the same VPC as the file system. Mount the file system to the EC2 instances and Lambda functions.

Modify the CloudFormation stack to create an S3 Lifecycle rule that expires all objects 45 minutes after creation. Add a DependsOn attribute that points to the S3 bucket's resource.

Modify the CloudFormation stack to attach a DeletionPolicy attribute with a value of Delete to the S3 bucket.

Question 39

A company needs to migrate its customer transactions database from on premises to AWS. The database resides on an Oracle DB instance that runs on a Linux server. According to a new security requirement, the company must rotate the database password each year.

Which solution will meet these requirements with the LEAST operational overhead?

Options:

Convert the database to Amazon DynamoDB by using the AWS Schema Conversion Tool (AWS SCT). Store the password in AWS Systems Manager Parameter Store. Create an Amazon CloudWatch alarm to invoke an AWS Lambda function for yearly password rotation.

Migrate the database to Amazon RDS for Oracle. Store the password in AWS Secrets Manager. Turn on automatic rotation. Configure a yearly rotation schedule.

Migrate the database to an Amazon EC2 instance. Use AWS Systems Manager Parameter Store to keep and rotate the connection string by using an AWS Lambda function on a yearly schedule

Migrate the database to Amazon Neptune by using the AWS Schema Conversion Tool {AWS SCT). Create an Amazon CloudWatch alarm to invoke an AWS Lambda function for yearly password rotation.

Question 40

A company has a legacy application that runs on multiple .NET Framework components. The components share the same Microsoft SQL Server database and

communicate with each other asynchronously by using Microsoft Message Queueing (MSMQ).

The company is starting a migration to containerized .NET Core components and wants to refactor the application to run on AWS. The .NET Core components require complex orchestration. The company must have full control over networking and host configuration. The application's database model is strongly relational.

Which solution will meet these requirements?

Options:

Host the .NET Core components on AWS App Runner. Host the database on Amazon RDS for SQL Server. Use Amazon EventBridge for asynchronous messaging.

Host the .NET Core components on Amazon Elastic Container Service (Amazon ECS) with the AWS Fargate launch type. Host the database on Amazon DynamoDB. Use Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS) for asynchronous messaging.

Host the .NET Core components on AWS Elastic Beanstalk. Host the database on Amazon Aurora PostgreSQL Serverless v2. Use Amazon Managed Streaming for Apache Kafka (Amazon MSK) for asynchronous messaging.

Host the .NET Core components on Amazon Elastic Container Service (Amazon ECS) with the Amazon EC2 launch type. Host the database on Amazon Aurora MySQL Serverless v2. Use Amazon Simple Queue Service (Amazon SQS) for asynchronous messaging.

Question 41

A company ingests and processes streaming market data. The data rate is constant. A nightly process that calculates aggregate statistics is run, and each execution takes about 4 hours to complete. The statistical analysis is not mission critical to the business, and previous data points are picked up on the next execution if a particular run fails.

The current architecture uses a pool of Amazon EC2 Reserved Instances with 1-year reservations running full time to ingest and store the streaming data in attached Amazon EBS volumes. On-Demand EC2 instances are launched each night to perform the nightly processing, accessing the stored data from NFS shares on the ingestion servers, and terminating the nightly processing servers when complete. The Reserved Instance reservations are expiring, and the company needs to determine whether to purchase new reservations or implement a new design.

Which is the most cost-effective design?

Options:

Update the ingestion process to use Amazon Kinesis Data Firehose to save data to Amazon S3. Use a scheduled script to launch a fleet of EC2 On-Demand Instances each night to perform the batch processing of the S3 data. Configure the script to terminate the instances when the processing is complete.

Update the ingestion process to use Amazon Kinesis Data Firehose to save data to Amazon S3. Use AWS Batch with Spot Instances to perform nightlyprocessing with a maximum Spot price that is 50% of the On-Demand price.

Update the ingestion process to use a fleet of EC2 Reserved Instances with 3-year reservations behind a Network Load Balancer. Use AWS Batch with SpotInstances to perform nightly processing with a maximum Spot price that is 50% of the On-Demand price.

Update the ingestion process to use Amazon Kinesis Data Firehose to save data to Amazon Redshift. Use Amazon EventBridge to schedule an AWS Lambdafunction to run nightly to query Amazon Redshift to generate the daily statistics.

Question 42

A solutions architect is planning to migrate critical Microsoft SOL Server databases to AWS. Because the databases are legacy systems, the solutions architect will move the databases to a modern data architecture. The solutions architect must migrate the databases with near-zero downtime.

Which solution will meet these requirements?

Options:

Use AWS Application Migration Service and the AWS Schema Conversion Tool (AWS SCT). Perform an In-place upgrade before the migration. Export the migrated data to Amazon Aurora Serverless after cutover. Repoint the applications to Amazon Aurora.

Use AWS Database Migration Service (AWS DMS) to Rehost the database. Set Amazon S3 as a target. Set up change data capture (CDC) replication. When the source and destination are fully synchronized, load the data from Amazon S3 into an Amazon RDS for Microsoft SQL Server DB Instance.

Use native database high availability tools Connect the source system to an Amazon RDS for Microsoft SQL Server DB instance Configure replication accordingly. When data replication is finished, transition the workload to an Amazon RDS for Microsoft SQL Server DB instance.

Use AWS Application Migration Service. Rehost the database server on Amazon EC2. When data replication is finished, detach the database and move the database to an Amazon RDS for Microsoft SQL Server DB instance. Reattach the database and then cut over all networking.

Question 43

A company is building an electronic document management system in which users upload their documents. The application stack is entirely serverless and runs on AWS in the eu-central-1 Region. The system includes a web application that uses an Amazon CloudFront distribution for delivery with Amazon S3 as the origin. The web application communicates with Amazon API Gateway Regional endpoints. The API Gateway APIs call AWS Lambda functions that store metadata in an Amazon Aurora Serverless database and put the documents into an S3 bucket.

The company is growing steadily and has completed a proof of concept with its largest customer. The company must improve latency outside of Europe.

Which combination of actions will meet these requirements? (Select TWO.)

Options:

Enable S3 Transfer Acceleration on the S3 bucket. Ensure that the web application uses the Transfer Acceleration signed URLs.

Create an accelerator in AWS Global Accelerator. Attach the accelerator to the CloudFront distribution.

Change the API Gateway Regional endpoints to edge-optimized endpoints.

Provision the entire stack in two other locations that are spread across the world. Use global databases on the Aurora Serverless cluster.

Add an Amazon RDS proxy between the Lambda functions and the Aurora Serverless database.

Question 44

A company has created an OU in AWS Organizations for each of its engineering teams Each OU owns multiple AWS accounts. The organization has hundreds of AWS accounts A solutions architect must design a solution so that each OU can view a breakdown of usage costs across its AWS accounts. Which solution meets these requirements?

Options:

Create an AWS Cost and Usage Report (CUR) for each OU by using AWS Resource Access Manager Allow each team to visualize the CUR through an Amazon QuickSight dashboard.

Create an AWS Cost and Usage Report (CUR) from the AWS Organizations management account- Allow each team to visualize the CUR through an Amazon QuickSight dashboard

Create an AWS Cost and Usage Report (CUR) in each AWS Organizations member account Allow each team to visualize the CUR through an Amazon QuickSight dashboard.

Create an AWS Cost and Usage Report (CUR) by using AWS Systems Manager Allow each team to visualize the CUR through Systems Manager OpsCenter dashboards

Question 45

A North American company with headquarters on the East Coast is deploying a new web application running on Amazon EC2 in the us-east-1 Region. The application should dynamically scale to meet user demand and maintain resiliency. Additionally, the application must have disaster recover capabilities in an active-passive configuration with the us-west-1 Region.

Which steps should a solutions architect take after creating a VPC in the us-east-1 Region?

Options:

Create a VPC in the us-west-1 Region. Use inter-Region VPC peering to connect both VPCs. Deploy an Application Load Balancer (ALB) spanning multiple Availability Zones (AZs) to the VPC in the us-east-1 Region. Deploy EC2 instances across multiple AZs in each Region as part of an Auto Scaling group spanning both VPCs and served by the ALB.

Deploy an Application Load Balancer (ALB) spanning multiple Availability Zones (AZs) to the VPC in the us-east-1 Region. Deploy EC2 instances across multiple AZs as part of an Auto Scaling group served by the ALB. Deploy the same solution to the us-west-1 Region. Create an Amazon Route 53 record set with a failover routing policy and health checks enabled to provide high availability across both Regions.

Create a VPC in the us-west-1 Region. Use inter-Region VPC peering to connect both VPCs. Deploy an Application Load Balancer (ALB) that spans both VPCs. Deploy EC2 instances across multiple Availability Zones as part of an Auto Scaling group in each VPC served by the ALB. Create an Amazon Route 53 record that points to the ALB.

Deploy an Application Load Balancer (ALB) spanning multiple Availability Zones (AZs) to the VPC in the us-east-1 Region. Deploy EC2 instances across multiple AZs as part of an Auto Scaling group served by the ALB. Deploy the same solution to the us-west-1 Region. Create separate Amazon Route 53 records in each Region that point to the ALB in the Region. Use Route 53 health checks to provide high availability across both Regions.

Question 46

A company needs to move some on-premises Oracle databases to AWS. The company has chosen to keep some of the databases on premises for business compliance reasons. The on-premises databases contain spatial data and run cron jobs for maintenance. The company needs to connect to the on-premises systems directly from AWS to query data as a foreign table. Which solution will meet these requirements?

Options:

Create Amazon DynamoDB global tables with auto scaling enabled. Use AWS SCT and AWS DMS to move the data from on premises to DynamoDB. Create an AWS Lambda function to move the spatial data to Amazon S3. Query the data by using Amazon Athena. Use Amazon EventBridge to schedule jobs in DynamoDB for maintenance. Use Amazon API Gateway for foreign table support.

Create an Amazon RDS for Microsoft SQL Server DB instance. Use native replication to move the data from on premises to the DB instance. Use AWS SCT to modify the SQL Server schema as needed after replication. Move the spatial data to Amazon Redshift. Use stored procedures for system maintenance. Create AWS Glue crawlers to connect to the on-premises Oracle databases for foreign table support.

Launch Amazon EC2 instances to host the Oracle databases. Place the EC2 instances in an Auto Scaling group. Use AWS Application Migration Service to move the data from on premises to the EC2 instances and for real-time bidirectional change data capture (CDC) synchronization. Use Oracle native spatial data support. Create an AWS Lambda function to run maintenance jobs as part of an AWS Step Functions workflow. Create an internet gateway for

Create an Amazon RDS for PostgreSQL DB instance. Use AWS SCT and AWS DMS to move the data from on premises to the DB instance. Use PostgreSQL native spatial data support. Run cron jobs on the DB instance for maintenance. Use AWS Direct Connect to connect the DB instance to the on-premises environment for foreign table support.

Question 47

A company wants to modernize a monolithic application in the company's data center and deploy the application on AWS. The monolithic application consists of an event broker in a central account and multiple microservices in individual AWS accounts. The event broker and the microservices are deployed on Amazon ECS clusters that use the Fargate launch type.

Multiple microservices need access to the same events from the event broker. The company wants to distribute events from the central event broker to each microservice across accounts.

Which solution will meet these requirements?

Options:

Create an Amazon SNS topic in the central account. Add a topic policy to allow other accounts to subscribe to the topic. Create an Amazon SQS queue in each individual AWS account. Subscribe the SQS queue to the SNS topic. Configure the microservices to read events from their own SQS queue.

Create a new Amazon EventBridge event bus in the central account with the required permissions. Add EventBridge rules filtered by service for each microservice. Invoke the rules to route events to other accounts.

Create a data stream in Amazon Kinesis Data Streams in the central account. Create an IAM policy to grant the necessary permissions to access the data stream. Set each of the microservices as an event source on the Kinesis stream. Configure the stream to invoke each microservice.

Create a new Amazon SQS queue as the event broker in the central account. Grant the required permissions. Configure each of the microservices to read messages from the central SQS queue.

Answer:

Explanation:

This explanation is based on AWS documentation and best practices but is paraphrased, not a literal extract.

The scenario describes a central event broker and multiple microservices running in separate AWS accounts that all need to consume the same events. The requirement is to distribute events from a central location to many microservices across accounts in a scalable and loosely coupled way, as part of modernizing to a microservices architecture.

Amazon EventBridge is a serverless event bus service designed for event-driven architectures. It supports centralized event buses, rich content-based filtering with rules, and cross-account event routing. With EventBridge, you can create an event bus in a central account and define rules that match specific event patterns (for example, by microservice or event type). Each rule can have one or more targets, including event buses in other AWS accounts. This supports the pattern of having a central event bus in one account and distributing relevant events to other accounts, where each microservice consumes events either directly from its own event bus or through additional rules and targets in its own account.

In this solution, you create a new EventBridge event bus in the central account and grant the appropriate permissions for cross-account access (option B). You then define EventBridge rules on the central event bus, filtered per microservice or per event category, and configure the rules to send events to the respective event buses or targets in the microservices’ accounts. EventBridge handles the fan-out and delivery of events across accounts in a managed, scalable way, which aligns with the modernization goal and reduces the operational overhead of managing custom routing or polling logic.

Option A uses an SNS topic with SQS queues in each account. This is a valid fan-out pattern and supports cross-account subscriptions, but it is more suited to traditional pub/sub messaging and does not provide the event routing, filtering, and observability features that EventBridge offers for modern event-driven microservices. In scenarios that explicitly mention an event broker and modernization, EventBridge is the recommended service.

Option C is incorrect because Kinesis Data Streams is designed for high-throughput streaming data and requires building and managing consumer applications. The description in the option is also technically inaccurate; Kinesis does not “invoke” microservices directly as event targets in the same way as EventBridge or SNS does. Instead, applications must read from the stream.

Option D uses a single central SQS queue that all microservices read from. SQS provides at-least-once delivery to competing consumers, which means multiple consumers reading from the same queue will typically share messages rather than each getting all messages. This does not satisfy the requirement for multiple microservices to each receive the same events independently. It also reduces decoupling and observability compared to an event bus model.

Therefore, creating an Amazon EventBridge event bus in the central account with rules to distribute events across accounts (option B) best meets the requirements for distributing events from a central broker to multiple microservices across accounts in a modernized architecture.

[References:AWS documentation on Amazon EventBridge event buses, cross-account event routing, and rule-based filtering and targeting.AWS guidance for event-driven microservices architectures and centralized event broker patterns.]

Question 48

A company is serving files to its customers through an SFTP server that is accessible over the internet The SFTP server is running on a single Amazon EC2 instance with an Elastic IP address attached Customers connect to the SFTP server through its Elastic IP address and use SSH for authentication The EC2 instance also has an attached security group that allows access from all customer IP addresses.

A solutions architect must implement a solution to improve availability minimize the complexity of infrastructure management and minimize the disruption to customers who access files. The solution must not change the way customers connect

Which solution will meet these requirements?

Options:

Disassociate the Elastic IP address from the EC2 instance Create an Amazon S3 bucket to be used for SFTP file hosting Create an AWS Transfer Family server. Configure the Transfer Family server with a publicly accessible endpoint Associate the SFTP Elastic IP address with the new endpoint. Point the Transfer Family server to the S3 bucket Sync all files from the SFTP server to the S3 bucket.

Disassociate the Elastic IP address from the EC2 instance Create an Amazon S3 bucket to be used for SFTP file hosting Create an AWS Transfer Family Server Configure the Transfer Family server with a VPC-hosted, internet-facing endpoint Associate the SFTP Elastic IP address with the new endpoint Attach the security group with customer IP addresses to the new endpoint Point the Transfer Family server to the S3 bucket. Sync all files from the

Disassociate the Elastic IP address from the EC2 instance. Create a new Amazon Elastic File System (Amazon EFS) file system to be used for SFTP file hosting. Create an AWS Fargate task definition to run an SFTP server Specify the EFS file system as a mount in the task definition Create a Fargate service by using the task definition, and place a Network Load Balancer (NLB) in front of the service. When configuring the service, attach the sec

Disassociate the Elastic IP address from the EC2 instance. Create a multi-attach Amazon Elastic Block Store (Amazon EBS) volume to be used for SFTP file hosting. Create a Network Load Balancer (NLB) with the Elastic IP address attached. Create an Auto Scaling group with EC2 instances that run an SFTP server. Define in the Auto Scaling group that instances that are launched should attach the new multi-attach EBS volume Configure the Auto Sca

Question 49

A company is running a critical stateful web application on two Linux Amazon EC2 instances behind an Application Load Balancer (ALB) with an Amazon RDS for MySQL database The company hosts the DNS records for the application in Amazon Route 53 A solutions architect must recommend a solution to improve the resiliency of the application

The solution must meet the following objectives:

• Application tier RPO of 2 minutes. RTO of 30 minutes

• Database tier RPO of 5 minutes RTO of 30 minutes

The company does not want to make significant changes to the existing application architecture The company must ensure optimal latency after a failover

Which solution will meet these requirements?

Options:

Configure the EC2 instances to use AWS Elastic Disaster Recovery Create a cross-Region read replica for the RDS DB instance Create an ALB in a second AWS Region Create an AWS Global Accelerator endpoint and associate the endpoint with the ALBs Update DNS records to point to the Global Accelerator endpoint

Configure the EC2 instances to use Amazon Data Lifecycle Manager (Amazon DLM) to take snapshots of the EBS volumes Configure RDS automated backups Configure backup replication to a second AWS Region Create an ALB in the second Region Create an AWS Global Accelerator endpoint, and associate the endpoint with the ALBs Update DNS records to point to the Global Accelerator endpoint

Create a backup plan in AWS Backup for the EC2 instances and RDS DB instance Configure backup replication to a second AWS Region Create an ALB in the second Region Configure an Amazon CloudFront distribution in front of the ALB Update DNS records to point to CloudFront

Configure the EC2 instances to use Amazon Data Lifecycle Manager (Amazon DLM) to take snapshots of the EBS volumes Create a cross-Region read replica for the RDS DB instance Create an ALB in a second AWS Region Create an AWS Global Accelerator endpoint and associate the endpoint with the ALBs

Question 50

A solutions architect is determining the DNS strategy for an existing VPC. The VPC is provisioned to use the 10.24.34.0/24 CIDR block. The VPC also uses Amazon Route 53 Resolver for DNS. New requirements mandate that DNS queries must use private hosted zones. Additionally, instances that have public IP addresses must receive corresponding public hostnames.

Which solution will meet these requirements to ensure that the domain names are correctly resolved within the VPC?

Options:

Create a private hosted zone. Activate the enableDnsSupport attribute and the enableDnsHostnames attribute for the VPC. Update the VPC DHCP options set to include domain-name-servers-10.24.34.2.

Create a private hosted zone. Associate the private hosted zone with the VPC. Activate the enableDnsSupport attribute and the enableDnsHostnames attribute for the VPC. Create a new VPC DHCP options set, and configure domain-name-servers=AmazonProvidedDNS. Associate the new DHCP options set with the VPC.

Deactivate the enableDnsSupport attribute for the VPC. Activate the enableDnsHostnames attribute for the VPC. Create a new VPC DHCP options set, and configure domain-name-servers=10.24.34.2. Associate the new DHCP options set with the VPC.

Create a private hosted zone. Associate the private hosted zone with the VPC. Activate the enableDnsSupport attribute for the VPC. Deactivate the enableDnsHostnames attribute for the VPC. Update the VPC DHCP options set to include domain-name-servers=AmazonProvidedDNS.

Question 51

A company runs its sales reporting application in an AWS Region in the United States. The application uses an Amazon API Gateway Regional API and AWS Lambda functions to generate on-demand reports from data in an Amazon RDS for MySQL database. The frontend of the application is hosted on Amazon S3 and is accessed by users through an Amazon CloudFront distribution. The company is using Amazon Route 53 as the DNS service for the domain. Route 53 is configured with a simple routing policy to route traffic to the API Gateway API.

In the next 6 months, the company plans to expand operations to Europe. More than 90% of the database traffic is read-only traffic. The company has already deployed an API Gateway API and Lambda functions in the new Region.

A solutions architect must design a solution that minimizes latency for users who download reports.

Which solution will meet these requirements?

Options:

Use an AWS Database Migration Service (AWS DMS) task with full load to replicate the primary database in the original Region to the database in the new Region. Change the Route 53 record to latency-based routing to connect to the API Gateway API.

Use an AWS Database Migration Service (AWS DMS) task with full load plus change data capture (CDC) to replicate the primary database in the original Region to the database in the new Region. Change the Route 53 record to geolocation routing to connect to the API Gateway API.

Configure a cross-Region read replica for the RDS database in the new Region. Change the Route 53 record to latency-based routing to connect to the API Gateway API.

Configure a cross-Region read replica for the RDS database in the new Region. Change the Route 53 record to geolocation routing to connect to the API

Answer:

Explanation:

The company should configure a cross-Region read replica for the RDS database in the new Region. The company should change the Route 53 record to latency-based routing to connect to the API Gateway API. This solution will meet the requirements because a cross-Region read replica is a feature that enables you to create a MariaDB, MySQL, Oracle, PostgreSQL, or SQL Server read replica in a different Region from the source DB instance. You can use cross-Region read replicas to improve availability and disaster recovery, scale out globally, or migrate an existing database to a new Region1. By creating a cross-Region read replica for the RDS database in the new Region, the company can have a standby copy of its primary database that can serve read-only traffic from users in Europe. A latency-based routing policy is a feature that enables you to route traffic based on the latency between your users and your resources. You can use latency-based routing to route traffic to the resource that provides the best latency2. By changing the Route 53 record to latency-based routing, the company can minimize latency for users who download reports by connecting them to the API Gateway API in the Region that provides the best response time.

The other options are not correct because:

Using AWS Database Migration Service (AWS DMS) to replicate the primary database in the original Region to the database in the new Region would not be as cost-effective or simple as using a cross-Region read replica. AWS DMS is a service that enables you to migrate relational databases, data warehouses, NoSQL databases, and other types of data stores. You can use AWS DMS to perform one-time migrations or continuous data replication with high availability and consolidate databases intoa petabyte-scale data warehouse3. However, AWS DMS requires more configuration and management than creating a cross-Region read replica, which is fully managed by Amazon RDS. AWS DMS also incurs additional charges for replication instances and tasks.

Creating an Amazon API Gateway Data API service integration with Amazon Redshift would not help with disaster recovery or minimizing latency. The Data API is a feature that enables you to query your Amazon Redshift cluster using HTTP requests, without needing a persistent connection or a SQL client. It is useful forbuilding applications that interact with Amazon Redshift, but not for replicating or recovering data from an RDS database.

Creating an AWS Data Exchange datashare by connecting AWS Data Exchange to the Redshift cluster would not help with disaster recovery or minimizing latency. AWS Data Exchange is a service that makes it easy for AWS customers to exchange data in the cloud. You can use AWS Data Exchange to subscribe to a diverse selection of third-party data products or offer your own data products to other AWS customers. A datashare is a feature that enables you to share live and secure access to your Amazon Redshift data across your accounts or with third parties without copying or moving the underlying data. It is useful for sharing query results and views with other users, but not for replicating or recovering data from an RDS database.

[References:, https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonRDS/latest/UserGuide/Concepts.RDS_Fea_Regions_DB-eng.Feature.CrossRegionReadReplicas.html, https://docs.aws.amazon.com/Route53/latest/DeveloperGuide/routing-policy.html#routing-policy-latency, https://aws.amazon.com/dms/, https://docs.aws.amazon.com/redshift/latest/mgmt/data-api.html, https://aws.amazon.com/data-exchange/, https://docs.aws.amazon.com/redshift/latest/dg/datashare-overview.html, , , , , , ]

Question 52

A company recently wanted a web application from an on-premises data center to the AWS Cloud. The web application infrastructure consists of an Amazon CloudFront distribution that routes to an Application Load Balancer (ALB), with Amazon Elastic Container Service (Amazon ECS) to process requests. A recent security audit revealed that the web application is accessible by using both CloudFront and ALB endpoints. However. the company requires that the web application must be accessible only by using the CloudFront endpoint.

Which solution will meet this requirement with the LEAST amount of effort?

Options:

Create a new security group and attach it to the CloudFront distribution. Update the ALB security group ingress to allow access only from the CloudFront security group.

Update ALB security group ingress to allow access only from the CloudFront managed prefix list.

Create a VPC interface endpoint for Elastic Load Balancing. Update the ALB scheme from internet-facing to internal_

Extract CloudFront IPS from the AWS provided ip-ranges.json document. Update ALB security group ingress to allow access only from CloudFront IPs.

Question 53

An events company runs a ticketing platform on AWS. The company's customers configure and schedule their events on the platform The events result in large increases of traffic to the platform The company knows the date and time of each customer's events

The company runs the platform on an Amazon Elastic Container Service (Amazon ECS) cluster The ECS cluster consists of Amazon EC2 On-Demand Instances that are in an Auto Scaling group. The Auto Scaling group uses a predictive scaling policy

The ECS cluster makes frequent requests to an Amazon S3 bucket to download ticket assets The ECS cluster and the S3 bucket are in the same AWS Region and the same AWS account Traffic between the ECS cluster and the S3 bucket flows across a NAT gateway

The company needs to optimize the cost of the platform without decreasing the platform's availability

Which combination of steps will meet these requirements? (Select TWO)

Options:

Create a gateway VPC endpoint for the S3 bucket

Add another ECS capacity provider that uses an Auto Scaling group of Spot Instances Configure the new capacity provider strategy to have the same weight as the existing capacity provider strategy

Create On-Demand Capacity Reservations for the applicable instance type for the time period of the scheduled scaling policies

Enable S3 Transfer Acceleration on the S3 bucket

Replace the predictive scaling policy with scheduled scaling policies for the scheduled events

Question 54

A company runs an application on AWS. The company curates data from several different sources. The company uses proprietary algorithms to perform data transformations and aggregations. After the company performs E TL processes, the company stores the results in Amazon Redshift tables. The company sells this data to other companies. The company downloads the data as files from the Amazon Redshift tables and transmits the files to several data customers by using FTP. The number of data customers has grown significantly. Management of the data customers has become difficult.

The company will use AWS Data Exchange to create a data product that the company can use to share data with customers. The company wants to confirm the identities of the customers before the company shares data. The customers also need access to the most recent data when the company publishes the data.

Which solution will meet these requirements with the LEAST operational overhead?

Options:

Use AWS Data Exchange for APIs to share data with customers. Configure subscription verification. In the AWS account of the company that produces the data, create an Amazon API Gateway Data API service integration with Amazon Redshift. Require the data customers to subscribe to the data product.

In the AWS account of the company that produces the data, create an AWS Data Exchange datashare by connecting AWS Data Exchange to the Redshift cluster. Configure subscription verification. Require the data customers to subscribe to the data product.

Download the data from the Amazon Redshift tables to an Amazon S3 bucket periodically. Use AWS Data Exchange for S3 to share data with customers. Configure subscription verification. Require the data customers to subscribe to the data product.

Publish the Amazon Redshift data to an Open Data on AWS Data Exchange. Require the customers to subscribe to the data product in AWS Data Exchange. In the AWS account of the company that produces the data, attach 1AM resource-based policies to the Amazon Redshift tables to allow access only to verified AWS accounts.

Answer:

Explanation:

The company should download the data from the Amazon Redshift tables to an Amazon S3 bucket periodically and use AWS Data Exchange for S3 to share data with customers. The company should configure subscription verification and require the data customers to subscribe to the data product. This solution will meet the requirements with the least operational overhead because AWS Data Exchange for S3 is a feature that enables data subscribers to access third-party data files directly from data providers’ Amazon S3 buckets. Subscribers can easily use these files for their data analysis with AWS services without needing to create or manage data copies. Data providers can easily set up AWS Data Exchange for S3 on top of their existing S3 buckets to share direct access to an entire S3 bucket or specific prefixes and S3 objects. AWS Data Exchange automatically manages subscriptions, entitlements, billing, and payment1.

The other options are not correct because:

Using AWS Data Exchange for APIs to share data with customers would not work because AWS Data Exchange for APIs is a feature that enables data subscribers to access third-party APIs directly from data providers’ AWS accounts. Subscribers can easily use these APIs for their data analysis with AWS services without needing to manage API keys or tokens. Data providers can easily set up AWS Data Exchangefor APIs on top of their existing API Gateway resources to share direct access to an entire API or specific routes and stages2. However, this feature is not suitable for sharing data from Amazon Redshift tables, which are not exposed as APIs.

Creating an Amazon API Gateway Data API service integration with Amazon Redshift would not work because the Data API is a feature that enables you to query your Amazon Redshift cluster using HTTP requests, without needing a persistent connection or a SQL client3. It is useful for building applications that interact with Amazon Redshift, but not for sharing data files with customers.

Creating an AWS Data Exchange datashare by connecting AWS Data Exchange to the Redshift cluster would not work because AWS Data Exchange does not support datashares for Amazon Redshift clusters. A datashare is a feature that enables you to share live and secure access to your Amazon Redshift data across your accounts or with third parties without copying or moving the underlying data4. It is useful for sharing query results and views with other users, but not for sharing data files with customers.

Publishing the Amazon Redshift data to an Open Data on AWS Data Exchange would not work because Open Data on AWS Data Exchange is a feature that enables you to find and use free and public datasets from AWS customers and partners. It is useful for accessing open and free data, but not for confirming the identities of the customers or charging them for the data.

[References:, https://aws.amazon.com/data-exchange/why-aws-data-exchange/s3/, https://aws.amazon.com/data-exchange/why-aws-data-exchange/api/, https://docs.aws.amazon.com/redshift/latest/mgmt/data-api.html, https://docs.aws.amazon.com/redshift/latest/dg/datashare-overview.html, https://aws.amazon.com/data-exchange/open-data/, , , , , ]

Question 55

A life sciences company is using a combination of open source tools to manage data analysis workflows and Docker containers running on servers in its on-premises data center to process genomics data Sequencing data is generated and stored on a local storage area network (SAN), and then the data is processed. The research and development teams are running into capacity issues and have decided to re-architect their genomics analysis platform on AWS to scale based on workload demands and reduce the turnaround time from weeks to days

The company has a high-speed AWS Direct Connect connection Sequencers will generate around 200 GB of data for each genome, and individual jobs can take several hours to process the data with ideal compute capacity. The end result will be stored in Amazon S3. The company is expecting 10-15 job requests each day

Which solution meets these requirements?

Options:

Use regularly scheduled AWS Snowball Edge devices to transfer the sequencing data into AWS When AWS receives the Snowball Edge device and the data is loaded into Amazon S3 use S3 events to trigger an AWS Lambda function to process the data

Use AWS Data Pipeline to transfer the sequencing data to Amazon S3 Use S3 events to trigger an Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling group to launch custom-AMI EC2 instances running the Docker containers to process the data

Use AWS DataSync to transfer the sequencing data to Amazon S3 Use S3 events to trigger an AWS Lambda function that starts an AWS Step Functions workflow Store the Docker images in Amazon Elastic Container Registry (Amazon ECR) and trigger AWS Batch to run the container and process the sequencing data

Use an AWS Storage Gateway file gateway to transfer the sequencing data to Amazon S3 Use S3 events to trigger an AWS Batch job that runs on Amazon EC2 instances running the Docker containers to process the data

Question 56

A solutions architect is creating an AWS CloudFormation template from an existing manually created non-production AWS environment The CloudFormation template can be destroyed and recreated as needed The environment contains an Amazon EC2 instance The EC2 instance has an instance profile that the EC2 instance uses to assume a role in a parent account

The solutions architect recreates the role in a CloudFormation template and uses the same role name When the CloudFormation template is launched in the child account, the EC2 instance can no longer assume the role in the parent account because of insufficient permissions

What should the solutions architect do to resolve this issue?

Options:

In the parent account edit the trust policy for the role that the EC2 instance needs to assume Ensure that the target role ARN in the existing statement that allows the sts AssumeRole action is correct Save the trust policy

In the parent account edit the trust policy for the role that the EC2 instance needs to assume Add a statement that allows the sts AssumeRole action for the root principal of the child account Save the trust policy

Update the CloudFormation stack again Specify only the CAPABILITY_NAMED_IAM capability

Update the CloudFormation stack again Specify the CAPABIUTYJAM capability and the CAPABILITY_NAMEDJAM capability

Question 57

A company needs to modernize an application and migrate the application to AWS. The application stores user profile data as text in a single table in an on-premises MySQL database.

After the modernization, users will use the application to upload video files that are up to 4 GB in size. Other users must be able to download the video files from the application. The company needs a video storage solution that provides rapid scaling. The solution must not affect application performance.

Which solution will meet these requirements?

Options:

Migrate the database to Amazon Aurora PostgreSQL by using AWS DMS. Store the videos as base64-encoded strings in a TEXT column in the database.

Migrate the database to Amazon DynamoDB by using AWS DMS with AWS SCT. Store the videos as objects in Amazon S3. Store the S3 key in the corresponding DynamoDB item.

Migrate the database to Amazon Keyspaces by using AWS DMS with AWS SCT. Store the videos as objects in Amazon S3. Store the S3 object identifier in the corresponding Amazon Keyspaces entry.

Migrate the database to Amazon DynamoDB by using AWS DMS with AWS SCT. Store the videos as base64-encoded strings in the corresponding DynamoDB item.

Answer:

Explanation:

The modernized application needs to store and serve video files up to 4 GB. Large binary content should not be stored directly in a database because it negatively affects database performance, scaling, and backup/restore times. The standard AWS pattern is to store large objects in Amazon S3 and keep only references (such as keys or URLs) in the database.

User profile data is simple, text-based, and currently lives in a single table. This is a good fit for a key-value or document-style data model such as Amazon DynamoDB, which provides fully managed horizontal scaling and predictable performance at scale.

Option B migrates the profile table to DynamoDB using AWS DMS with AWS Schema Conversion Tool (SCT). Video files are stored as objects in Amazon S3, which is designed for large, durable, and highly scalable object storage. The DynamoDB item stores only the S3 key that corresponds to each user’s video, keeping the database small and responsive. S3 can scale rapidly and independently of the database, and offloads the heavy I/O load of large objects away from the transactional store, so overall application performance is not negatively impacted by video storage or retrieval.

Option A stores the videos as base64-encoded strings in a TEXT column in a relational database. Storing multi-gigabyte objects directly in a relational database table leads to large row sizes, larger indexes, longer backup times, and degraded performance as the table grows. This does not meet the requirement to avoid affecting application performance.

Option C uses Amazon Keyspaces (for Apache Cassandra) as the profile store and S3 for video. While storing videos in S3 is correct, Keyspaces is typically chosen when there is already a Cassandra-based workload or a need for Cassandra-compatible interfaces. For a simple single-table user profile store being migrated from MySQL, DynamoDB is the more natural, managed choice and aligns better with AWS migration and modernization guidance.

Option D stores the videos as base64-encoded strings in DynamoDB items. DynamoDB has a maximum item size of 400 KB, which is far smaller than the 4 GB video size requirement. This makes option D technically infeasible.

Therefore, migrating user profile data to DynamoDB and storing video files in Amazon S3, with S3 keys stored in the corresponding DynamoDB items (option B), provides scalable video storage and protects application performance.

[References:AWS guidance on storing large binary objects in Amazon S3 and storing only references in databases for scalable architectures.AWS best practices for using Amazon DynamoDB as a scalable key-value store for user profiles and metadata.]

Question 58

An external audit of a company's serverless application reveals IAM policies that grant too many permissions. These policies are attached to the company's AWS Lambda execution roles. Hundreds of the company's Lambda functions have broad access permissions, such as full access to Amazon S3 buckets and Amazon DynamoDB tables. The company wants each function to have only the minimum permissions that the function needs to complete its task.

A solutions architect must determine which permissions each Lambda function needs.

What should the solutions architect do to meet this requirement with the LEAST amount of effort?

Options:

Set up Amazon CodeGuru to profile the Lambda functions and search for AWS API calls. Create an inventory of the required API calls and resources for each Lambda function. Create new IAM access policies for each Lambda function. Review the new policies to ensure that they meet the company's business requirements.

Turn on AWS CloudTrail logging for the AWS account. Use AWS Identity and Access Management Access Analyzer to generate IAM access policies based on the activity recorded in the CloudTrail log. Review the generated policies to ensure that they meet the company's business requirements.

Turn on AWS CloudTrail logging for the AWS account. Create a script to parse the CloudTrail log, search for AWS API calls by Lambda execution role, and create a summary report. Review the report. Create IAM access policies that provide more restrictive permissions for each Lambda function.

Turn on AWS CloudTrail logging for the AWS account. Export the CloudTrail logs to Amazon S3. Use Amazon EMR to process the CloudTrail logs in Amazon S3 and produce a report of API calls and resources used by each execution role. Create a new IAM access policy for each role. Export the generated roles to an S3 bucket. Review the generated policies to ensure that they meet the company's business requirements.

Question 59

A company needs to migrate an on-premises SFTP site to AWS. The SFTP site currently runs on a Linux VM. Uploaded files are made available to downstream applications through an NFS share.

As part of the migration to AWS, a solutions architect must implement high availability. The solution must provide external vendors with a set of static public IP addresses that the vendors can allow. The company has set up an AWS Direct Connect connection between its on-premises data center and its VPC.

Which solution will meet these requirements with the least operational overhead?

Options:

Create an AWS Transfer Family server, configure an internet-facing VPC endpoint for the Transfer Family server, specify an Elastic IP address for each subnet, configure the Transfer Family server to pace files into an Amazon Elastic Files System (Amazon EFS) file system that is deployed across multiple Availability Zones Modify the configuration on the downstream applications that access the existing NFS share to mount the EFS endpoint inst

Create an AWS Transfer Family server. Configure a publicly accessible endpoint for the Transfer Family server. Configure the Transfer Family server to place files into an Amazon Elastic Files System [Amazon EFS} the system that is deployed across multiple Availability Zones. Modify the configuration on the downstream applications that access the existing NFS share to mount the its endpoint instead.

Use AWS Application Migration service to migrate the existing Linux VM to an Amazon EC2 instance. Assign an Elastic IP address to the EC2 instance. Mount an Amazon Elastic Fie system (Amazon EFS) the system to the EC2 instance. Configure the SFTP server to place files in. the EFSfile system. Modify the configuration on the downstream applications that access the existing NFS share to mount the EFS endpoint instead.

Use AWS Application Migration Service to migrate the existing Linux VM to an AWS Transfer Family server. Configure a publicly accessible endpoint for the Transfer Family server. Configure the Transfer Family sever to place files into an Amazon FSx for Luster the system that is deployed across multiple Availability Zones. Modify the configuration on the downstream applications that access the existing NFS share to mount the FSx for Luster en

Question 60

A company uses a Grafana data visualization solution that runs on a single Amazon EC2 instance to monitor the health of the company's AWS workloads. The company has invested time and effort to create dashboards that the company wants to preserve. The dashboards need to be highly available and cannot be down for longer than 10 minutes. The company needs to minimize ongoing maintenance.

Which solution will meet these requirements with the LEAST operational overhead?

Options:

Migrate to Amazon CloudWatch dashboards. Recreate the dashboards to match the existing Grafana dashboards. Use automatic dashboards where possible.

Create an Amazon Managed Grafana workspace. Configure a new Amazon CloudWatch data source. Export dashboards from the existing Grafana instance. Import the dashboards into the new workspace.

Create an AMI that has Grafana pre-installed. Store the existing dashboards in Amazon Elastic File System (Amazon EFS). Create an Auto Scaling group that uses the new AMI. Set the Auto Scaling group's minimum, desired, and maximum number of instances to one. Create an Application Load Balancer that serves at least two Availability Zones.

Configure AWS Backup to back up the EC2 instance that runs Grafana once each hour. Restore the EC2 instance from the most recent snapshot in an alternate Availability Zone when required.

Question 61

The company needs to determine which costs on the monthly AWS bill are attributable to each application or team. The company also must be able to create reports to compare costs from the last 12 months and to help forecast costs for the next 12 months. A solutions architect must recommend an AWS Billing and Cost Management solution that provides these cost reports.

Which combination of actions will meet these requirements? (Select THREE.)

Options:

Activate the user-defined cost allocation tags that represent the application and the team.

Activate the AWS generated cost allocation tags that represent the application and the team.

Create a cost category for each application in Billing and Cost Management.

Activate IAM access to Billing and Cost Management.

Create a cost budget.

Enable Cost Explorer.

Question 62

A company runs a software-as-a-service

Which solution meets these requirements'?

Options:

Create an Amazon CloudWatch alarm action that triggers a Lambda function to add an Amazon RDS for MySQL read replica when resource utilization hits a threshold

Migrate the database to Amazon Aurora, and add a read replica Add a database connection pool outside of the Lambda handler function

Migrate the database to Amazon Aurora and add a read replica Use Amazon Route 53 weighted records

Migrate the database to Amazon Aurora and add an Aurora Replica Configure Amazon RDS Proxy to manage database connection pools

Question 63

A company is developing an application that will display financial reports. The company needs a solution that can store financial Information that comes from multiple systems. The solution must provide the reports through a web interface and must serve the data will less man 500 milliseconds or latency to end users. The solution also must be highly available and must have an RTO or 30 seconds.

Which solution will meet these requirements?

Options:

Use an Amazon Redshift cluster to store the data. Use a state website that is hosted on Amazon S3 with backend APIs that ate served by an Amazon Elastic Cubemates Service (Amazon EKS) cluster to provide the reports to the application.

Use Amazon S3 to store the data Use Amazon Athena to provide the reports to the application. Use AWS App Runner to serve the application to view the reports.

Use Amazon DynamoDB to store the data, use an embedded Amazon QuickStight dashboard with direct Query datasets to provide the reports to the application.

Use Amazon Keyspaces (for Apache Cassandra) to store the data, use AWS Elastic Beanstalk to provide the reports to the application.

Question 64

A solutions architect is reviewing an application's resilience before launch. The application runs on an Amazon EC2 instance that is deployed in a private subnet of a VPC.

The EC2 instance is provisioned by an Auto Scaling group that has a minimum capacity of I and a maximum capacity of I. The application stores data on an Amazon RDS for MySQL DB instance. The VPC has subnets configured in three Availability Zones and is configured with a single NAT gateway.

The solutions architect needs to recommend a solution to ensure that the application will operate across multiple Availability Zones.

Which solution will meet this requirement?

Options:

Deploy an additional NAT gateway in the other Availability Zones. Update the route tables with appropriate routes. Modify the RDS for MySQL DB instance to aMulti-AZ configuration. Configure the Auto Scaling group to launch instances across Availability Zones. Set the minimum capacity and maximum capacity of theAuto Scaling group to 3.

Replace the NAT gateway with a virtual private gateway. Replace the RDS for MySQL DB instance with an Amazon Aurora MySQL DB cluster. Configure theAuto Scaling group to launch instances across all subnets in the VPC. Set the minimum capacity and maximum capacity of the Auto Scaling group to 3.

Replace the NAT gateway with a NAT instance. Migrate the RDS for MySQL DB instance to an RDS for PostgreSQL DB instance. Launch a new EC2 instance in the other Availability Zones.

Deploy an additional NAT gateway in the other Availability Zones. Update the route tables with appropriate routes. Modify the RDS for MySQL DB instance toturn on automatic backups and retain the backups for 7 days. Configure the Auto Scaling group to launch instances across all subnets in the VPC. Keeptheminimum capacity and the maximum capacity of the Auto Scaling group at 1.

Question 65

A company runs an application on a fleet of Amazon EC2 instances that are in private subnets behind an internet-facing Application Load Balancer (ALB). The ALB is the origin for an Amazon CloudFront distribution. An AWS WAF web ACL that contains various AWS managed rules is associated with the CloudFront distribution.

The company needs a solution that will prevent internet traffic from directly accessing the ALB.

Which solution will meet these requirements with the LEAST operational overhead?

Options:

Create a new web ACL that contains the same rules that the existing web ACL contains. Associate the new web ACL with the ALB.

Associate the existing web ACL with the ALB.

Add a security group rule to the ALB to allow traffic from the AWS managed prefix list for CloudFront only.

Add a security group rule to the ALB to allow only the various CloudFront IP address ranges.

Question 66

A company is designing an AWS environment tor a manufacturing application. The application has been successful with customers, and the application's user base has increased. The company has connected the AWS environment to the company's on-premises data center through a 1 Gbps AWS Direct Connect connection. The company has configured BGP for the connection.

The company must update the existing network connectivity solution to ensure that the solution is highly available, fault tolerant, and secure.

Which solution win meet these requirements MOST cost-effectively?

Options:

Add a dynamic private IP AWS Site-to-Site VPN as a secondary path to secure data in transit and provide resilience for the Direct Conned connection. Configure MACsec to encrypt traffic inside the Direct Connect connection.

Provision another Direct Conned connection between the company's on-premises data center and AWS to increase the transfer speed and provide resilience. Configure MACsec to encrypt traffic inside the Dried Conned connection.

Configure multiple private VIFs. Load balance data across the VIFs between the on-premises data center and AWS to provide resilience.

Add a static AWS Site-to-Site VPN as a secondary path to secure data in transit and to provide resilience for the Direct Connect connection.

Question 67

A company is hosting a critical application on a single Amazon EC2 instance. The application uses an Amazon ElastiCache for Redis single-node cluster for an in-memory data store. The application uses an Amazon RDS for MariaDB DB instance for a relational database. For the application to function, each piece of the infrastructure must be healthy and must be in an active state.

A solutions architect needs to improve the application's architecture so that the infrastructure can automatically recover from failure with the least possible downtime.

Which combination of steps will meet these requirements? (Select THREE.)

Options:

Use an Elastic Load Balancer to distribute traffic across multiple EC2 instances. Ensure that the EC2 instances are part of an Auto Scaling group that has a minimum capacity of two instances.

Use an Elastic Load Balancer to distribute traffic across multiple EC2 instances Ensure that the EC2 instances are configured in unlimited mode.

Modify the DB instance to create a read replica in the same Availability Zone. Promote the read replica to be the primary DB instance in failure scenarios.

Modify the DB instance to create a Multi-AZ deployment that extends across two Availability Zones.

Create a replication group for the ElastiCache for Redis cluster. Configure the cluster to use an Auto Scaling group that has a minimum capacity of two instances.

Create a replication group for the ElastiCache for Redis cluster. Enable Multi-AZ on the cluster.

Question 68

A company's solutions architect is analyzing costs of a multi-application environment. The environment is deployed across multiple Availability Zones in a single AWS Region. After a recent acquisition, the company manages two organizations in AWS Organizations. The company has created multiple service provider applications as AWS PrivateLink-powered VPC endpoint services in one organization. The company has created multiple service consumer applications in the other organization.

Data transfer charges are much higher than the company expected, and the solutions architect needs to reduce the costs. The solutions architect must recommend guidelines for developers to follow when they deploy services. These guidelines must minimize data transfer charges for the whole environment.

Which guidelines meet these requirements? (Select TWO.)

Options:

Use AWS Resource Access Manager to share the subnets that host the service provider applications with other accounts in the organization.

Place the service provider applications and the service consumer applications in AWS accounts in the same organization.

Turn off cross-zone load balancing for the Network Load Balancer in all service provider application deployments.

Ensure that service consumer compute resources use the Availability Zone-specific endpoint service by using the endpoint's local DNS name.

Create a Savings Plan that provides adequate coverage for the organization's planned inter-Availability Zone data transfer usage.

Question 69

A company has a web application that uses Amazon API Gateway. AWS Lambda and Amazon DynamoDB A recent marketing campaign has increased demand Monitoring software reports that many requests have significantly longer response times than before the marketing campaign

A solutions architect enabled Amazon CloudWatch Logs for API Gateway and noticed that errors are occurring on 20% of the requests. In CloudWatch. the Lambda function. Throttles metric represents 1% of the requests and the Errors metric represents 10% of the requests Application logs indicate that, when errors occur there is a call to DynamoDB

What change should the solutions architect make to improve the current response times as the web application becomes more popular'?

Options:

Increase the concurrency limit of the Lambda function

Implement DynamoDB auto scaling on the table

Increase the API Gateway throttle limit

Re-create the DynamoDB table with a better-partitioned primary index.

Question 70

Question:

A company needs to copy backups of 40 RDS for MySQL databases from a production account to a central backup account within AWS Organizations. The databases usedefault AWS-managed KMS encryption keys. The backups must be stored in aWORM (Write Once Read Many)backup account.

What is the correct approach to enable cross-account backup?

Options:

Restore the databases with customer-managed KMS keys and use AWS Backup with cross-account vault sharing.

Share the default KMS keys with the central account and create backup vaults in the central account.

Use a Lambda function to decrypt and copy the snapshots to the central account.

Use a Lambda function to share and re-encrypt snapshots across accounts using the default KMS key.

Question 71

A company is creating a sequel for a popular online game. A large number of users from all over the world will play the game within the first week after launch. Currently, the game consists of the following components deployed in a single AWS Region:

• Amazon S3 bucket that stores game assets

• Amazon DynamoDB table that stores player scores

A solutions architect needs to design a multi-Region solution that will reduce latency improve reliability, and require the least effort to implement

What should the solutions architect do to meet these requirements?

Options:

Create an Amazon CloudFront distribution to serve assets from the S3 bucket Configure S3 Cross-Region Replication Create a new DynamoDB able in a new Region Use the new table as a replica target tor DynamoDB global tables.

Create an Amazon CloudFront distribution to serve assets from the S3 bucket. Configure S3 Same-Region Replication. Create a new DynamoDB able m a new Region. Configure asynchronous replication between the DynamoDB tables by using AWS Database Migration Service (AWS DMS) with change data capture (CDC)

Create another S3 bucket in a new Region and configure S3 Cross-Region Replication between the buckets Create an Amazon CloudFront distribution and configure origin failover with two origins accessing the S3 buckets in each Region. Configure DynamoDB global tables by enabling Amazon DynamoDB Streams, and add a replica table in a new Region.

Create another S3 bucket in the same Region, and configure S3 Same-Region Replication between the buckets- Create an Amazon CloudFront distribution and configure origin failover with two origin accessing the S3 buckets Create a new DynamoDB table m a new Region Use the new table as a replica target for DynamoDB global tables.

Question 72

A company has 20 accounts in an organization in AWS Organizations. The accounts are in two OUs: development and production. Multiple teams use the development accounts.

The company wants to control the cost that is associated with the development accounts. The company needs a solution that provides a notification when the forecasted monthly cost for all development accounts exceeds a threshold.

A solutions architect creates an Amazon SNS topic and subscribes an email address to the topic.

What should the solutions architect do next to meet the notification requirement with the LEAST configuration effort?

Options:

Enable Amazon CloudWatch billing alerts in the organization's management account. Create a CloudWatch billing alarm by configuring the EstimatedCharges metric for each development account as a linked account. Configure the SNS topic for email alerts when the EstimatedCharges metric value exceeds the threshold.

Create an AWS Cost and Usage Report in the organization's management account. Configure report delivery to an Amazon S3 bucket. Configure an AWS Glue job to extract the report data into Amazon Athena. Configure AWS Step Functions to analyze the consolidated cost of all the development accounts. Configure the SNS topic for email alerts when the cost exceeds the threshold.

Use AWS Budgets to create a cost budget in the organization's management account. Configure each development account as a linked account. Configure an alert threshold. Configure the SNS topic for email alerts.

Enable AWS Cost Explorer in the organization's management account. Configure each development account as a linked account. Configure an alert threshold. Configure the SNS topic for email alerts.

Question 73

A company runs an application in (he cloud that consists of a database and a website Users can post data to the website, have the data processed, and have the data sent back to them in an email Data is stored in a MySQL database running on an Amazon EC2 instance The database is running in a VPC with two private subnets The website is running on Apache Tomcat in a single EC2 instance in a different VPC with one public subnet There is a single VPC peering connection between the database and website VPC.

The website has suffered several outages during the last month due to high traffic

Which actions should a solutions architect take to increase the reliability of the application? (Select THREE.)

Options:

Place the Tomcat server in an Auto Scaling group with multiple EC2 instances behind an Application Load Balancer

Provision an additional VPC peering connection

Migrate the MySQL database to Amazon Aurora with one Aurora Replica

Provision two NAT gateways in the database VPC.

Move the Tomcat server to the database VPC

Create an additional public subnet in a different Availability Zone in the website VPC

Question 74

A solutions architect needs to copy data from an Amazon S3 bucket m an AWS account to a new S3 bucket in a new AWS account. The solutions architect must implement a solution that uses the AWS CLI.

Which combination of steps will successfully copy the data? (Choose three.)

Options:

Create a bucket policy to allow the source bucket to list its contents and to put objects and set object ACLs in the destination bucket. Attach the bucket policy to the destination bucket.

Create a bucket policy to allow a user In the destination account to list the source bucket's contents and read the source bucket's objects. Attach the bucket policy to the source bucket.

Create an IAM policy in the source account. Configure the policy to allow a user In the source account to list contents and get objects In the source bucket, and to list contents, put objects, and set object ACLs in the destination bucket. Attach the policy to the user _

Create an IAM policy in the destination account. Configure the policy to allow a user In the destination account to list contents and get objects In the source bucket, and to list contents, put objects, and set objectACLs in the destination bucket. Attach the policy to the user.

Run the aws s3 sync command as a user in the source account. Specify' the source and destination buckets to copy the data.

Run the aws s3 sync command as a user in the destination account. Specify' the source and destination buckets to copy the data.

Question 75

A company has a few AWS accounts for development and wants to move its production application to AWS. The company needs to enforce Amazon Elastic Block Store (Amazon EBS) encryption at rest current production accounts and future production accounts only. The company needs a solution that includes built-in blueprints and guardrails.

Which combination of steps will meet these requirements? (Choose three.)

Options:

Use AWS CloudFormation StackSets to deploy AWS Config rules on production accounts.

Create a new AWS Control Tower landing zone in an existing developer account. Create OUs for accounts. Add production and development accounts to production and development OUs, respectively.

Create a new AWS Control Tower landing zone in the company’s management account. Addproduction and development accounts to production and development OUs. respectively.

Invite existing accounts to join the organization in AWS Organizations. Create SCPs to ensure compliance.

Create a guardrail from the management account to detect EBS encryption.

Create a guardrail for the production OU to detect EBS encryption.

Question 76

A video streaming company recently launched a mobile app for video sharing. The app uploads various files to an Amazon S3 bucket in the us-east-1 Region. The files range in size from 1 GB to 10 GB.

Users who access the app from Australia have experienced uploads that take long periods of time Sometimes the files fail to completely upload for these users . A solutions architect must improve the app' performance for these uploads

Which solutions will meet these requirements? (Select TWO.)

Options:

Enable S3 Transfer Acceleration on the S3 bucket Configure the app to use the Transfer Acceleration endpoint for uploads

Configure an S3 bucket in each Region to receive the uploads. Use S3 Cross-Region Replication to copy the files to the distribution S3 bucket.

Set up Amazon Route 53 with latency-based routing to route the uploads to the nearest S3 bucket Region.

Configure the app to break the video files into chunks Use a multipart upload to transfer files to Amazon S3.

Modify the app to add random prefixes to the files before uploading

Question 77

A company is preparing to deploy an Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service (Amazon EKS) cluster for a workload. The company expects the cluster to support an

unpredictable number of stateless pods. Many of the pods will be created during a short time period as the workload automatically scales the number of replicas that the workload uses.

Which solution will MAXIMIZE node resilience?

Options:

Use a separate launch template to deploy the EKS control plane into a second cluster that is separate from the workload node groups.

Update the workload node groups. Use a smaller number of node groups and larger instances in the node groups.

Configure the Kubernetes Cluster Autoscaler to ensure that the compute capacity of the workload node groups stays under provisioned.

Configure the workload to use topology spread constraints that are based on Availability Zone.

Question 78

A company wants to deploy an AWS WAF solution to manage AWS WAF rules across multiple AWS accounts. The accounts are managed under different OUs in AWS Organizations.

Administrators must be able to add or remove accounts or OUs from managed AWS WAF rule sets as needed Administrators also must have the ability to automatically update and remediate noncompliant AWS WAF rules in all accounts

Which solution meets these requirements with the LEAST amount of operational overhead?

Options:

Use AWS Firewall Manager to manage AWS WAF rules across accounts in the organization. Use an AWS Systems Manager Parameter Store parameter to store account numbers and OUs to manage Update the parameter as needed to add or remove accounts or OUs Use an Amazon EventBridge (Amazon CloudWatch Events) rule to identify any changes to the parameter and to invoke an AWS Lambda function to update the security policy in the Firewall Manager administ

Deploy an organization-wide AWS Config rule that requires all resources in the selected OUs to associate the AWS WAF rules. Deploy automated remediation actions by using AWS Lambda to fix noncompliant resources Deploy AWS WAF rules by using an AWS CloudFormation stack set to target the same OUs where the AWS Config rule is applied.

Create AWS WAF rules in the management account of the organization Use AWS Lambda environment variables to store account numbers and OUs to manage Update environment variables as needed to add or remove accounts or OUs Create cross-account IAM roles in member accounts Assume the rotes by using AWS Security Token Service (AWS STS) in the Lambda function tocreate and update AWS WAF rules in the member accounts.

Use AWS Control Tower to manage AWS WAF rules across accounts in the organization Use AWS Key Management Service (AWS KMS) to store account numbers and OUs to manage Update AWS KMS as needed to add or remove accounts or OUs Create IAM users in member accounts Allow AWS Control Tower in the management account to use the access key and secret access key to create and update AWS WAF rules in the member accounts

Question 79

A company has AWS accounts that are in an organization in AWS rganizations. The company wants to track Amazon EC2 usage as a metric.

The company's architecture team must receive a daily alert if the EC2 usage is more than 10% higher than the average EC2 usage from the last 30 days.

Which solution will meet these requirements?

Options:

Configure AWS Budgets in the organization's management account. Specify a usage type of EC2 running hours. Specify a daily period. Set the budget amount to be 10% more than the reported average usage for the last 30 days from AWS Cost Explorer.

Configure an alert to notify the architecture team if the usage threshold is met. Configure AWS Cost Anomaly Detection in the organization's management account. Configure a monitor type of AWS Service. Apply a filter of Amazon EC2. Configure an alert subscription to notify the architecture team if the usage is 10% more than the average usage for the last 30 days.

Enable AWS Trusted Advisor in the organization's management account. Configure a cost optimization advisory alert to notify the architecture team if the EC2 usage is 10% more than the reported average usage for the last 30 days.

Configure Amazon Detective in the organization's management account. Configure an EC2 usage anomaly alert to notify the architecture team if Detective identifies a usage anomaly of more than 10%.

Answer:

Explanation:

The correct answer is B.

B. This solution meets the requirements because it uses AWS Cost Anomaly Detection, which is a feature of AWS Cost Management that uses machine learning to identify and alert on anomalous spend and usage patterns. By configuring a monitor type of AWS Service and applying a filter of Amazon EC2, the solution can track the EC2 usage as a metric across the organization’s accounts.By configuring an alert subscription with a threshold of 10%, the solution can notify the architecture team via email or AmazonSNS if the EC2 usage is more than 10% higher than the average usage for the last 30 days12

A. This solution is incorrect because it uses AWS Budgets, which is a feature of AWS Cost Management that helps to plan and track costs and usage. However, AWS Budgets does not support usage type of EC2 running hours as a budget type. The only supported usage types are Amazon S3 storage, Amazon EC2 RI utilization, and Amazon EC2 RI coverage. Moreover, AWS Budgets does not support setting the budget amount based on the reported average usage from AWS Cost Explorer.The budget amount has to be a fixed or variable value34

C. This solution is incorrect because it uses AWS Trusted Advisor, which is a feature of AWS Premium Support that provides recommendations to follow best practices for cost optimization, security, performance, and fault tolerance. However, AWS Trusted Advisor does not support configuring custom alerts based on EC2 usage or average usage for the last 30 days.The only supported alerts are based on predefined checks and thresholds that are applied to all services and resources in the account56

D. This solution is incorrect because it uses Amazon Detective, which is a service that helps to analyze and visualize security data to investigate potential security issues. However, Amazon Detective does not support configuring EC2 usage anomaly alerts basedon average usage for the last 30 days.The only supported alerts are based on GuardDuty findings and other security-related events that are detected by machine learning models78

[References:, 1:AWS Cost Anomaly Detection - Amazon Web Services2:Getting started with AWS Cost Anomaly Detection3:Set Custom Cost and Usage Budgets – AWS Budgets – Amazon Web Services4:Creating a budget - AWS Cost Management5:AWS Trusted Advisor6:AWS Trusted Advisor - AWS Support7:Security Investigation Visualization - Amazon Detective - AWS8:What is Amazon Detective? - Amazon Detective, , , , , ]

Question 80

A solutions architect is redesigning a three-tier application that a company hosts onpremises. The application provides personalized recommendations based on user profiles. The company already has an AWS account and has configured a VPC to host the application.

The frontend is a Java-based application that runs in on-premises VMs. The company hosts a personalization model on a physical application server and uses TensorFlow to implement the model. The personalization model uses artificial intelligence and machine learning (AI/ML). The company stores user information in a Microsoft SQL Server database. The web application calls the personalization model, which reads the user profiles from the database and provides recommendations.

The company wants to migrate the redesigned application to AWS.

Which solution will meet this requirement with the LEAST operational overhead?

Options:

Use AWS Server Migration Service (AWS SMS) to migrate the on-premises physical application server and the web application VMs to AWS. Use AWS Database Migration Service (AWS DMS) to migrate the SQL Server database to Amazon RDS for SQL Server.

Export the personalization model. Store the model artifacts in Amazon S3. Deploy the model to Amazon SageMaker and create an endpoint. Host the Java application in AWS Elastic Beanstalk. Use AWS Database Migration Service {AWS DMS) to migrate the SQL Server database to Amazon RDS for SQL Server.

Use AWS Application Migration Service to migrate the on-premises personalization model and VMs to Amazon EC2 instances in Auto Scaling groups. Use AWS Database Migration Service (AWS DMS) to migrate the SQL Server database to an EC2 instance.

Containerize the personalization model and the Java application. Use Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service (Amazon EKS) managed node groups to deploy the model and the application to Amazon EKS Host the node groups in a VPC. Use AWS Database Migration Service (AWS DMS) to migrate the SQL Server database to Amazon RDS for SQL Server.

Answer:

Explanation:

Amazon SageMaker is a fully managed machine learning service that allows users to build, train, and deploy machine learning models quickly and easily1. Users can export their existing TensorFlow models and store the model artifacts in Amazon S3, a highly scalable and durable object storage service2. Users can then deploy the model to Amazon SageMaker and create an endpoint that can be invoked by the web application to provide recommendations3. This way, the solution can leverage the AI/ML capabilities of Amazon SageMaker without having to rewrite the personalization model.

AWS Elastic Beanstalk is a service that allows users to deploy and manage web applications without worrying about the infrastructure that runs those applications. Users can host their Java application in AWS Elastic Beanstalk and configure it to communicate with the Amazon SageMaker endpoint. This way, the solution can reduce the operational overhead of managing servers, load balancers, scaling, and application health monitoring.

AWS Database Migration Service (AWS DMS) is a service that helps users migrate databases to AWS quickly and securely. Users can use AWS DMS to migrate their SQL Server database to Amazon RDS for SQL Server, a fully managed relational database service that offers high availability, scalability, security, and compatibility. This way, the solution canreduce the operational overhead of managing database servers, backups, patches, and upgrades.

Option A is incorrect because using AWS Server Migration Service (AWS SMS) to migrate the on-premises physical application server and the web application VMs to AWS is not cost-effective or scalable. AWS SMS is a service that helps users migrate on-premises workloads to AWS. However, for this use case, migrating the physical application server and the web application VMs to AWS will not take advantage of the AI/ML capabilities of Amazon SageMaker or the managed services of AWS Elastic Beanstalk and Amazon RDS.

Option C is incorrect because using AWS Application Migration Service to migrate the on-premises personalization model and VMs to Amazon EC2 instances in Auto Scaling groups is not cost-effective or scalable. AWS Application Migration Service is a service that helps users migrate applications from on-premises or other clouds to AWS without making any changes to their applications. However, for this use case, migrating the personalization model and VMs to EC2 instances will not take advantage of the AI/ML capabilities of Amazon SageMaker or the managed services of AWS Elastic Beanstalk and Amazon RDS.

Option D is incorrect because containerizing the personalization model and the Java application and using Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service (Amazon EKS) managed node groups to deploy them to Amazon EKS is not necessary or cost-effective. Amazon EKS is a service that allows users to run Kubernetes on AWS without needing to install, operate, and maintain their own Kubernetes control plane or nodes. However, for this use case, containerizing and deploying the personalization model and the Java application will not take advantage of the AI/ML capabilities of Amazon SageMaker or the managed services of AWS Elastic Beanstalk. Moreover, using S3 Glacier Deep Archive as a storage class for images will incur a high retrieval fee and latency for accessing them.

Question 81

A car rental company has built a serverless REST API to provide data to its mobile app. The app consists of an Amazon API Gateway API with a Regional endpoint, AWS Lambda functions, and an Amazon Aurora MySQL Serverless DB cluster. The company recently opened the API to mobile apps of partners. A significant increase in the number of requests resulted, causing sporadic database memory errors. Analysis of the API traffic indicates that clients are making multiple HTTP GET requests for the same queries in a short period of time. Traffic is concentrated during business hours, with spikes around holidays and other events.

The company needs to improve its ability to support the additional usage while minimizing the increase in costs associated with the solution.

Which strategy meets these requirements?

Options:

Convert the API Gateway Regional endpoint to an edge-optimized endpoint. Enable caching in the production stage.

Implement an Amazon ElastiCache for Redis cache to store the results of the database calls. Modify the Lambda functions to use the cache.

Modify the Aurora Serverless DB cluster configuration to increase the maximum amount of available memory.

Enable throttling in the API Gateway production stage. Set the rate and burst values to limit the incoming calls.

Question 82

A company has implemented an ordering system using an event-driven architecture. During initial testing, the system stopped processing orders. Further log analysis revealed that one order message in an Amazon Simple Queue Service (Amazon SQS) standard queue was causing an error on the backend and blocking all subsequentorder messages The visibility timeout of the queue is set to 30 seconds, and the backend processing timeout is set to 10 seconds. A solutions architect needs to analyze faulty order messages and ensure that the system continues to process subsequent messages.

Which step should the solutions architect take to meet these requirements?

Options:

Increase the backend processing timeout to 30 seconds to match the visibility timeout.

Reduce the visibility timeout of the queue to automatically remove the faulty message.

Configure a new SQS FIFO queue as a dead-letter queue to isolate the faulty messages.

Configure a new SQS standard queue as a dead-letter queue to isolate the faulty messages.

Question 83

To abide by industry regulations, a solutions architect must design a solution that will store a company's critical data in multiple public AWS Regions, including in the United States, where the company's headquarters is located The solutions architect is required to provide access to the data stored in AWS to the company's global WAN network The security team mandates that no traffic accessing this data should traverse the public internet

How should the solutions architect design a highly available solution that meets the requirements and is cost-effective'?

Options:

Establish AWS Direct Connect connections from the company headquarters to all AWS Regions in use the company WAN to send traffic over to the headquarters and then to the respective DX connection to access the data

Establish two AWS Direct Connect connections from the company headquarters to an AWS Region Use the company WAN to send traffic over a DX connection Use inter-region VPC peering to access the data in other AWS Regions

Establish two AWS Direct Connect connections from the company headquarters to an AWS Region Use the company WAN to send traffic over a DX connection Use an AWS transit VPC solution to access data in other AWS Regions

Establish two AWS Direct Connect connections from the company headquarters to an AWS Region Use the company WAN to send traffic over a DX connection Use Direct Connect Gateway to access data in other AWS Regions.

Question 84

A company stores a static website on Amazon S3. AWS Lambda functions retrieve content from an S3 bucket and serve the content as a website. An Application Load Balancer (ALB) directs incoming traffic to the Lambda functions. An Amazon CloudFront distribution routes requests to the ALB.

The company has set up an AWS Certificate Manager (ACM) certificate on the HTTPS listener of the ALB. The company needs all users to communicate with the website through HTTPS. HTTP users must not receive an error.

Which combination of steps will meet these requirements? (Select THREE.)

Options:

Configure the ALB with a TCP listener on port 443 for passthrough to backend systems.

Create an S3 bucket policy that denies access to the S3 bucket if the aws:SecureTransport request is false.

Configure HTTP to HTTPS redirection on the S3 bucket.

Set the origin protocol policy to HTTPS Only for CloudFront.

Set the viewer protocol policy to HTTPS Only for CloudFront.

Set the viewer protocol policy to Redirect HTTP to HTTPS for CloudFront.

Question 85

A company's inventory application stores data in an Amazon Aurora PostgreSQL DB cluster in a single AWS Region. The company wants to improve resiliency by extending the database infrastructure to a secondary Region. The company wants an RTO of 15 minutes and an RPO of 5 minutes. The solution must not run Aurora DB instances in the secondary Region when the application is operational in the primary Region. Which solution meets these requirements?

Options:

Configure AWS DMS to copy the Aurora DB cluster in the primary Region to the secondary Region. Use AWS DMS to synchronize the primary DB cluster with the secondary DB cluster.

Create a new Aurora PostgreSQL DB cluster in the secondary Region. Use AWS Backup to synchronize the primary DB cluster with the secondary DB cluster.

Create a headless Aurora DB cluster in the second Region that is part of the same global DB cluster as the primary Region's DB cluster.

Create an AWS Backup job to back up the DB cluster and copy the DB cluster to the secondary Region every 5 minutes.

Question 86

A company is designing a new website that hosts static content. The website will give users the ability to upload and download large files. According to company requirements, all data must be encrypted in transit and at rest. A solutions architect is building the solution by using Amazon S3 and Amazon CloudFront.

Which combination of steps will meet the encryption requirements? (Select THREE.)

Options:

Turn on S3 server-side encryption for the S3 bucket that the web application uses.

Add a policy attribute of "aws:SecureTransport": "true" for read and write operations in the S3 ACLs.

Create a bucket policy that denies any unencrypted operations in the S3 bucket that the web application uses.

Configure encryption at rest on CloudFront by using server-side encryption with AWS KMS keys (SSE-KMS).

Configure redirection of HTTP requests to HTTPS requests in CloudFront.

Use the RequireSSL option in the creation of presigned URLs for the S3 bucket that the web application uses.

Question 87

A company is building a hybrid environment that includes servers in an on-premises data center and in the AWS Cloud. The company has deployed Amazon EC2 instances in three VPCs. Each VPC is in a different AWS Region. The company has established an AWS Direct Connect connection to the data center from the Region that is closest to the data center.

The company needs the servers in the on-premises data center to have access to the EC2 instances in all three VPCs. The servers in the on-premises data center also must have access to AWS public services.

Which combination of steps will meet these requirements with the LEAST cost? (Select TWO.)

Options:

Create a Direct Connect gateway in the Region that is closest to the data center. Attach the Direct Connect connection to the Direct Connect gateway. Use the

Direct Connect gateway to connect the VPCs in the other two Regions.

Set up additional Direct Connect connections from the on-premises data center to the other two Regions.

Create a private VIE.Establish an AWS Site-to-Site VPN connection over the private VIF to the VPCs in the other two Regions.

Create a public VIF. Establish an AWS Site-to-Site VPN connection over the public VIF to the VPCs in the other two Regions.

Use VPC peering to establish a connection between the VPCs across the Regions. Create a private VIF with the existing Direct Connect connection to connect to the peered VPCs.

Question 88

A company uses AWS Organizations to manage its development environment. Each development team at the company has its own AWS account Each account has a single VPC and CIDR blocks that do not overlap.

The company has an Amazon Aurora DB cluster in a shared services account All the development teams need to work with live data from the DB cluster

Which solution will provide the required connectivity to the DB cluster with the LEAST operational overhead?

Options:

Create an AWS Resource Access Manager (AWS RAM) resource share tor the DB cluster. Share the DB cluster with all the development accounts

Create a transit gateway in the shared services account Create an AWS Resource Access Manager (AWS RAM) resource share for the transit gateway Share the transit gateway with all the development accounts Instruct the developers to accept the resource share Configure networking.

Create an Application Load Balancer (ALB) that points to the IP address of the DB cluster Create an AWS PrivateLink endpoint service that uses the ALB Add permissions to allow each development account to connect to the endpoint service

Create an AWS Site-to-Site VPN connection in the shared services account Configure networking Use AWS Marketplace VPN software in each development account to connect to the Site-to-Site VPN connection

Question 89

A company is planning to migrate its business-critical applications from an on-premises data center to AWS. The company has an on-premises installation of a Microsoft SQL Server Always On cluster. The company wants to migrate to an AWS managed database service. A solutions architect must design a heterogeneous database migration on AWS.

Which solution will meet these requirements?

Options:

Migrate the SQL Server databases to Amazon RDS for MySQL by using backup and restore utilities.

Use an AWS Snowball Edge Storage Optimized device to transfer data to Amazon S3. Set up Amazon RDS for MySQL. Use S3 integration with SQL Server features, such as BULK INSERT.

Use the AWS Schema Conversion Tool to translate the database schema to Amazon RDS for MeSQL. Then use AWS Database Migration Service (AWS DMS) to migrate the data from on-premises databases to Amazon RDS.

Use AWS DataSync to migrate data over the network between on-premises storage and Amazon S3. Set up Amazon RDS for MySQL. Use S3 integration with SQL Server features, such as BULK INSERT.

Question 90

A company hosts a game player-matching service on a public-facing, physical, on-premises instance that all users are able to access over the instance uses UDP. The company wants to migrate the service to AWS and provide a high level of security. A solutions architect needs to de matching service using AWS.

Which combination of steps should the solutions architect take to meet these requirements? (Select THREE.)

Options:

Use a Network Load Balancer (NLB) in front of the player-matching instance. Use a friendly DNS entry in Amazon Route 53-point address.

Use an Application Load Balancer (ALB) in front of the player-matching instance. Use a friendly DNS entry in Amazon Route 53 p facing fully qualified domain name (FQDN).

Define an AWS WAF rule to explicitly drop non-UDP traffic, and associate the rule with the load balancer.

Configure a network ACL rule to block all non-UDP traffic. Associate the network ACL with the subnets that hold the load balance

Question 91

An e-commerce company is revamping its IT infrastructure and is planning to use AWS services. The company's CIO has asked a solutions architect to design a simple, highly available, and loosely coupled order processing application. The application is responsible for receiving and processing orders before storing them in an Amazon DynamoDB table. The application has a sporadic traffic pattern and should be able to scale during marketing campaigns to process the orders with minimal delays.

Which of the following is the MOST reliable approach to meet the requirements?

Options:

Receive the orders in an Amazon EC2-hosted database and use EC2 instances to process them.

Receive the orders in an Amazon SQS queue and invoke an AWS Lambda function to processthem.

Receive the orders using the AWS Step Functions program and launch an Amazon ECS container to process them.

Receive the orders in Amazon Kinesis Data Streams and use Amazon EC2 instances to process them.

Answer:

Explanation:

The best option is to use Amazon SQS and AWS Lambda to create a serverless order processing application. Amazon SQS is a fully managed message queue service that can decouple the order receiving and processing components, making the application more scalable and fault-tolerant. AWS Lambda is a serverless compute service that can automatically scale to handle the incoming messages from the SQS queue and process them according to the business logic. AWS Lambda can also integrate with Amazon DynamoDB to store the processed orders in a fast and flexible NoSQL database. This approach eliminates the need to provision, manage, or scale any servers or containers, and reduces the operational overhead and cost.

Option A is not reliable because using an EC2-hosted database to receive the orders introduces a single point of failure and a scalability bottleneck. EC2 instances also require more management and configuration than serverless services.

Option C is not reliable because using AWS Step Functions to receive the orders adds unnecessary complexity and cost to the application. AWS Step Functions is a service that coordinates multiple AWS services into a serverless workflow, but it is not designed to handle high-volume, sporadic, or unpredictable traffic patterns. AWS Step Functions also charges per state transition, which can be expensive for a large number of orders. Launching an ECS container to process each order also requires more resources and management than invoking a Lambda function.

Option D is not reliable because using Amazon Kinesis Data Streams to receive the orders is not suitable for this use case. Amazon Kinesis Data Streams is a service that enables real-time processing of streaming data at scale, but it is not meant for asynchronous message queuing. Amazon Kinesis Data Streams requires consumers to poll the data from the stream, which can introduce latency and complexity. Amazon Kinesis Data Streams also charges per shard hour, which can be expensive for a sporadic traffic pattern.

Amazon SQS

AWS Lambda

Amazon DynamoDB

AWS Step Functions

Amazon ECS

Question 92

A company wants to migrate its workloads from on premises to AWS. The workloads run on Linuxand Windows. The company has a large on-premises intra structure that consists of physical machines and VMs that host numerous applications.

The company must capture details about the system configuration. system performance. running processure and network coi.net lions of its o. -premises ,on boards. The company also must divide the on-premises applications into groups for AWS migrations. The company needs recommendations for Amazon EC2 instance types so that the company can run its workloads on AWS in the most cost-effective manner.

Which combination of steps should a solutions architect take to meet these requirements? (Select THREE.)

Options:

Assess the existing applications by installing AWS Application Discovery Agent on the physical machines and VMs.

Assess the existing applications by installing AWS Systems Manager Agent on the physical machines and VMs

Group servers into applications for migration by using AWS Systems Manager Application Manager.

Group servers into applications for migration by using AWS Migration Hub.

Generate recommended instance types and associated costs by using AWS Migration Hub.

Import data about server sizes into AWS Trusted Advisor. Follow the recommendations for cost optimization.

Question 93

A company wants to refactor its retail ordering web application that currently has a load-balanced Amazon EC2 instance fleet for web hosting, database API services, and business logic. The company needs to create a decoupled, scalable architecture with a mechanism for retaining failed orders while also minimizing operational costs.

Which solution will meet these requirements?

Options:

Use Amazon S3 for web hosting with Amazon API Gateway for database API services. Use Amazon Simple Queue Service (Amazon SQS) for order queuing. Use Amazon Elastic Container Service (Amazon ECS) for business logic with Amazon SQS long polling for retaining failed orders.

Use AWS Elastic Beanstalk for web hosting with Amazon API Gateway for database API services. Use Amazon MQ for order queuing. Use AWS Step Functionsfor business logic with Amazon S3 Glacier Deep Archive for retaining failed orders.

Use Amazon S3 for web hosting with AWS AppSync for database API services. Use Amazon Simple Queue Service (Amazon SQS) for order queuing. Use AWS Lambda for business logic with an Amazon SQS dead-letter queue for retaining failed orders.

Use Amazon Lightsail for web hosting with AWS AppSync for database API services. Use Amazon Simple Email Service (Amazon SES) for order queuing. UseAmazon Elastic Kubernetes Service (Amazon EKS) for business logic with Amazon OpenSearch Service for retaining failed orders.

Question 94

A company has an application that generates reports and stores them in an Amazon S3 bucket When a user accesses their report, the application generates a signed URL to allow the user to download the report. The company's security team has discovered that the files are public and that anyone can download them without authentication The company has suspended the generation of new reports until the problem is resolved.

Which set of actions will immediately remediate the security issue without impacting the application's normal workflow?

Options:

Create an AWS Lambda function that applies a deny all policy for users who are not authenticated. Create a scheduled event to invoke the Lambda function

Review the AWS Trusted Advisor bucket permissions check and implement the recommended actions.

Run a script that puts a private ACL on all of the objects in the bucket.

Use the Block Public Access feature in Amazon S3 to set the IgnorePublicAcls option to TRUE on the bucket.

Question 95

A company is hosting an image-processing service on AWS in a VPC. The VPC extends across two Availability Zones. Each Availability Zone contains one public subnet and one private subnet.

The service runs on Amazon EC2 instances in the private subnets. An Application Load Balancer in the public subnets is in front of the service. The service needs to communicate with the internet and does so through two NAT gateways. The service uses Amazon S3 for image storage. The EC2 instances retrieve approximately 1׀¢׀’ of data from an S3 bucket each day.

The company has promoted the service as highly secure. A solutions architect must reduce cloud expenditures as much as possible without compromising the service's security posture or increasing the time spent on ongoing operations.

Which solution will meet these requirements?

Options:

Replace the NAT gateways with NAT instances. In the VPC route table, create a route from the private subnets to the NAT instances.

Move the EC2 instances to the public subnets. Remove the NAT gateways.

Set up an S3 gateway VPC endpoint in the VPC. Attach an endpoint policy to the endpoint to allow the required actions on the S3 bucket.

Attach an Amazon Elastic File System (Amazon EFS) volume to the EC2 instances. Host the image on the EFS volume.

Question 96

An online retail company is migrating its legacy on-premises .NET application to AWS. The application runs on load-balanced frontend web servers, load-balanced application servers, and a Microsoft SQL Server database.

The company wants to use AWS managed services where possible and does not want to rewrite the application. A solutions architect needs to implement a solution to resolve scaling issues and minimize licensing costs as the application scales.

Which solution will meet these requirements MOST cost-effectively?

Options:

Deploy Amazon EC2 instances in an Auto Scaling group behind an Application Load Balancerfor the web tier and for the application tier. Use Amazon Aurora PostgreSQL with Babelfish turned on to replatform the SOL Server database.

Create images of all the servers by using AWS Database Migration Service (AWS DMS). Deploy Amazon EC2 instances that are based on the on-premises imports. Deploy the instances in an Auto Scaling group behind a Network Load Balancer for the web tier and for the application tier. Use Amazon DynamoDB as the database tier.

Containerize the web frontend tier and the application tier. Provision an Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service (Amazon EKS) cluster. Create an Auto Scaling group behind a Network Load Balancer for the web tier and for the application tier. Use Amazon RDS for SOL Server to host the database.

Separate the application functions into AWS Lambda functions. Use Amazon API Gateway for the web frontend tier and the application tier. Migrate the data to Amazon S3. Use Amazon Athena to query the data.

Question 97

A company with several AWS accounts is using AWS Organizations and service control policies (SCPs). An Administrator created the following SCP and has attached it to an organizational unit (OU) that contains AWS account 1111-1111-1111:

Developers working in account 1111-1111-1111 complain that they cannot create Amazon S3 buckets. How should the Administrator address this problem?

Options:

Add s3:CreateBucket withג€Allowג€ effect to the SCP.

Remove the account from the OU, and attach the SCP directly to account 1111-1111-1111.

Instruct the Developers to add Amazon S3 permissions to their IAM entities.

Remove the SCP from account 1111-1111-1111.

Question 98

A company is deploying a third-party firewall appliance solution from AWS Marketplace to monitor and protect traffic that leaves the company's AWS environments. The company wants to deploy this appliance into a shared services VPC and route all outbound internet-bound traffic through the appliances.

A solutions architect needs to recommend a deployment method that prioritizes reliability and minimizes failover time between firewall appliances within a single AWS Region. The company has set up routing from the shared services VPC to other VPCs.

Which steps should the solutions architect recommend to meet these requirements? (Select THREE.)

Options:

Deploy two firewall appliances into the shared services VPC, each in a separate Availability Zone.

Create a new Network Load Balancer in the shared services VPC. Create a new target group, and attach it to the new Network Load Balancer. Add each of the firewall appliance instances to the target group.

Create a new Gateway Load Balancer in the shared services VPC. Create a new target group, and attach it to the new Gateway Load Balancer. Add each of the firewall appliance instances to the target group.

Create a VPC interface endpoint. Add a route to the route table in the shared services VPC. Designate the new endpoint as the next hop for traffic that enters the shared services VPC from other VPCs.

Deploy two firewall appliances into the shared services VPC. each in the same Availability Zone.

Create a VPC Gateway Load Balancer endpoint. Add a route to the route table in the shared services VPC. Designate the new endpoint as the next hop for traffic that enters the shared services VPC from other VPCs.

Question 99

A company is running an application in the AWS Cloud. The application collects and stores a large amount of unstructured data in an Amazon S3 bucket. The S3 bucket contains several terabytes of data and uses the S3 Standard storage class. The data increases in size by several gigabytes every day.

The company needs to query and analyze the data. The company does not access data that is more than 1-year-old. However, the company must retain all the data indefinitely for compliance reasons.

Which solution will meet these requirements MOST cost-effectively?

Options:

Use S3 Select to query the data. Create an S3 Lifecycle policy to transition data that is more than 1 year old to S3 Glacier Deep Archive.

Use Amazon Redshift Spectrum to query the data. Create an S3 Lifecycle policy to transition data that is more than 1 year old to S3 Glacier Deep Archive.

Use an AWS Glue Data Catalog and Amazon Athena to query the data. Create an S3 Lifecycle policy to transition data that is more than 1 year old to S3 Glacier Deep Archive.

Use Amazon Redshift Spectrum to query the data. Create an S3 Lifecycle policy to transition data that is more than 1 year old to S3 Intelligent-Tiering.

Question 100

A company uses AWS Organizations to manage more than 1.000 AWS accounts. The company has created a new developer organization. There are 540 developer member accounts that must be moved to the new developer organization. All accounts are set up with all the required Information so that each account can be operated as a standalone account.

Which combination of steps should a solutions architect take to move all of the developer accounts to the new developer organization? (Select THREE.)

Options:

Call the MoveAccount operation in the Organizations API from the old organization's management account to migrate the developer accounts to the new developer organization.

From the management account, remove each developer account from the old organization using the RemoveAccountFromOrganization operation in the Organizations API.

From each developer account, remove the account from the old organization using the RemoveAccountFromOrganization operation in the Organizations API.

Sign in to the new developer organization's management account and create a placeholder member account that acts as a target for the developer account migration.

Call the InviteAccountToOrganization operation in the Organizations API from the new developer organization's management account to send invitations to the developer accounts.

Have each developer sign in to their account and confirm to join the new developer organization.

Question 101

A manufacturing company is building an inspection solution for its factory. The company has IPcameras at the end of each assembly line. The company has used Amazon SageMaker to train a machine learning (ML) model to identify common defects from still images.

The company wants to provide local feedback to factory workers when a defect is detected. The company must be able to provide this feedback even if the factory’s internet connectivity is down. The company has a local Linux server that hosts an API that provides local feedback to the workers.

How should the company deploy the ML model to meet these requirements?

Options:

Set up an Amazon Kinesis video stream from each IP camera to AWS. Use Amazon EC2 instances to take still images of the streams. Upload the images to an Amazon S3 bucket. Deploy a SageMaker endpoint with the ML model. Invoke an AWS Lambda function to call the inference endpoint when new images are uploaded. Configure the Lambda function to call the local API when a defect is detected.

Deploy AWS IoT Greengrass on the local server. Deploy the ML model to the Greengrass server. Create a Greengrass component to take still images from the cameras and run inference. Configure the component to call the local API when a defect is detected.

Order an AWS Snowball device. Deploy a SageMaker endpoint the ML model and an Amazon EC2 instance on the Snowball device. Take still images from the cameras. Run inference from the EC2 instance. Configure the instance to call the local API when a defect is detected.

Deploy Amazon Monitron devices on each IP camera. Deploy an Amazon Monitron Gateway on premises. Deploy the ML model to the Amazon Monitron devices. Use Amazon Monitron health state alarms to call the local API from an AWS Lambda function when a defect is detected.

Question 102

A company is creating a centralized logging service running on Amazon EC2 that will receive and analyze logs from hundreds of AWS accounts. AWS PrivateLink is being used to provide connectivity between the client services and the logging service.

In each AWS account with a client, an interface endpoint has been created for the logging service and is available. The logging service running on EC2 instances with a Network Load Balancer (NLB) are deployed in different subnets. The clients are unable to submit logs using the VPC endpoint.

Which combination of steps should a solutions architect take to resolve this issue? (Select TWO.)

Options:

Check that the NACL is attached to the logging service subnet to allow communications to and from the NLB subnets. Check that the NACL is attached to the NLB subnet to allow communications to and from the logging service subnets running on EC2 instances.

Check that the NACL is attached to the logging service subnets to allow communications to and from the interface endpoint subnets. Check that the NACL is attached to the interface endpoint subnet to allow communications to and from the logging service subnets running on EC2 instances.

Check the security group for the logging service running on the EC2 instances to ensure it allows Ingress from the NLB subnets.

Check the security group for the loggia service running on EC2 instances to ensure it allows ingress from the clients.

Check the security group for the NLB to ensure it allows ingress from the interlace endpoint subnets.

Question 103

A company hosts a blog post application on AWS using Amazon API Gateway, Amazon DynamoDB, and AWS Lambda. The application currently does not use

API keys to authorize requests. The API model is as follows:

GET/posts/[postid] to get post details

GET/users[userid] to get user details

GET/comments/[commentid] to get comments details

The company has noticed users are actively discussing topics in the comments section, and the company wants to increase user engagement by marking the comments appears in real time.

Which design should be used to reduce comment latency and improve user experience?

Options:

Use edge-optimized API with Amazon CloudFront to cache API responses.

Modify the blog application code to request GET comment[commented] every 10 seconds.

Use AWS AppSync and leverage WebSockets to deliver comments.

Change the concurrency limit of the Lambda functions to lower the API response time.

Question 104

A scientific company needs to process text and image data from an Amazon S3 bucket. The data is collected from several radar stations during a live, time-critical phase of a deep space mission. The radar stations upload the data to the source S3 bucket. The data is prefixed by radar station identification number.

The company created a destination S3 bucket in a second account. Data must be copied from the source S3 bucket to the destination S3 bucket to meet a compliance objective. The replication occurs through the use of an S3 replication rule to cover all objects in the source S3 bucket.

One specific radar station is identified as having the most accurate data. Data replication at this radar station must be monitored for completion within 30 minutes after the radar station uploads the objects to the source S3 bucket.

What should a solutions architect do to meet these requirements?

Options:

Set up an AWS DataSync agent to replicate the prefixed data from the source S3 bucket to the destination S3 bucket. Select to use all available bandwidth on the task, and monitor the task to ensure that it is in the TRANSFERRING status. Create an Amazon EventBridge (Amazon CloudWatch Events) rule to trigger an alert if this status changes.

In the second account, create another S3 bucket to receive data from the radar station with the most accurate data. Set up a new replication rule for this new S3 bucket to separate the replication from the other radar stations. Monitor the maximum replication time to the destination. Create an Amazon EventBridge (Amazon CloudWatch Events) rule to trigger an alert when the time exceeds the desired threshold.

Enable Amazon S3 Transfer Acceleration on the source S3 bucket, and configure the radar station with the most accurate data to use the new endpoint. Monitor the S3 destination bucket's TotalRequestLatency metric. Create an Amazon EventBridge (Amazon CloudWatch Events) rule to trigger an alert if this status changes.

Create a new S3 replication rule on the source S3 bucket that filters for the keys that use the prefix of the radar station with the most accurate data. Enable S3 Replication Time Control (S3 RTC). Monitor the maximum replication time to the destination. Create an Amazon EventBridge (Amazon CloudWatch Events) rule to trigger an alert when the time exceeds the desired threshold.

Question 105

A finance company is running its business-critical application on current-generation Linux EC2 instances The application includes a self-managed MySQL database performing heavy I/O operations. The application is working fine to handle a moderate amount of traffic during the month. However, it slows down during the final three days of each month due to month-end reporting, even though the company is using Elastic Load Balancers and Auto Scaling within its infrastructure to meet the increased demand.

Which of the following actions would allow the database to handle the month-end load with the LEAST impact on performance?

Options:

Pre-warming Elastic Load Balancers, using a bigger instance type, changing all Amazon EBS volumes to GP2 volumes.

Performing a one-time migration of the database cluster to Amazon RDS. and creatingseveral additional read replicas to handle the load during end of month

Using Amazon CioudWatch with AWS Lambda to change the type. size, or IOPS of Amazon EBS volumes in the cluster based on a specific CloudWatch metric

Replacing all existing Amazon EBS volumes with new PIOPS volumes that have the maximum available storage size and I/O per second by taking snapshots before the end of the month and reverting back afterwards.

Question 106

A company has a solution that analyzes weather data from thousands of weather stations. The weather stations send the data over an Amazon API Gateway REST API that has an AWS Lambda function integration. The Lambda function calls a third-party service for data pre-processing. The third-party service gets overloadedand fails the pre-processing, causing a loss of data.

A solutions architect must improve the resiliency of the solution. The solutions architect must ensure that no data is lost and that data can be processed later if failures occur.

What should the solutions architect do to meet these requirements?

Options:

Create an Amazon Simple Queue Service (Amazon SQS) queue. Configure the queue as the dead-letter queue for the API.

Create two Amazon Simple Queue Service (Amazon SQS) queues: a primary queue and a secondary queue. Configure the secondary queue as the dead-letter queue for the primary queue. Update the API to use a new integration to the primary queue. Configure the Lambda function as the invocation target for the primary queue.

Create two Amazon EventBridge event buses: a primary event bus and a secondary event bus. Update the API to use a new integration to the primary event bus. Configure an EventBridge rule to react to all events on the primary event bus. Specify the Lambda function as the target of the rule. Configure the secondary event bus as the failure destination for the Lambda function.

Create a custom Amazon EventBridge event bus. Configure the event bus as the failure destination for the Lambda function.

Question 107

A company has an on-premises website application that provides real estate information for potential renters and buyers. The website uses a Java backend and a NOSQL MongoDB database to store subscriber data.

The company needs to migrate the entire application to AWS with a similar structure. The application must be deployed for high availability, and the company cannot make changes to the application

Which solution will meet these requirements?

Options:

use an Amazon Aurora DB cluster as the database for the subscriber data. Deploy Amazon EC2 instances in an Auto Scaling group across multiple Availability Zones for the Java backend application.

Use MongoDB on Amazon EC2 instances as the database for the subscriber data. Deploy EC2 instances in an Auto Scaling group in a single Availability Zone for the Java backend application.

Configure Amazon DocumentD3 (with MongoDB compatibility) with appropriately sized instances in multiple Availability Zones as the database for the subscriber data. Deploy Amazon EC2 instances in an Auto Scaling group across multiple Availability Zones for the Java backend application.

Configure Amazon DocumentDB (with MongoDB compatibility) in on-demand capacity mode in multiple Availability Zones as the database for the subscriber data. Deploy Amazon EC2 instances in an Auto Scaling group across multiple Availability Zones for the Java backend application.

Question 108

A large payroll company recently merged with a small staffing company. The unified company now has multiple business units, each with its own existing AWS account.

A solutions architect must ensure that the company can centrally manage the billing and access policies for all the AWS accounts. The solutions architect configures AWS Organizations by sending an invitation to all member accounts of the company from a centralized management account.

What should the solutions architect do next to meet these requirements?

Options:

Create the OrganizationAccountAccess IAM group in each member account. Include the necessary IAM roles for each administrator.

Create the OrganizationAccountAccessPoIicy IAM policy in each member account. Connect the member accounts to the management account by using cross-account access.

Create the OrganizationAccountAccessRoIe IAM role in each member account. Grant permission to the management account to assume the IAM role.

Create the OrganizationAccountAccessRoIe IAM role in the management account. Attach the AdministratorAccess AWS managed policy to the IAM role.Assign the IAM role to the administrators in each member account.

Question 109

A company migrated an application to the AWS Cloud. The application runs on two Amazon EC2 instances behind an Application Load Balancer (ALB). Application data is stored in a MySQL database that runs on an additional EC2 instance. The application's use of the database is read-heavy.

The loads static content from Amazon Elastic Block Store (Amazon EBS) volumes that are attached to each EC2 instance. The static content is updated frequently and must be copied to each EBS volume.

The load on the application changes throughout the day. During peak hours, the application cannot handle all the incoming requests. Trace data shows that the database cannot handle the read load during peak hours.

Which solution will improve the reliability of the application?

Options:

Migrate the application to a set of AWS Lambda functions. Set the Lambda functions as targets for the ALB. Create a new single EBS volume for the static content. Configure the Lambda functions to read from the new EBSvolume. Migrate the database to an Amazon RDS for MySQL Multi-AZ DB cluster.

Migrate the application to a set of AWS Step Functions state machines. Set the state machines as targets for the ALB. Create an Amazon Elastic File System (Amazon EFS) file system for the static content. Configure the state machines to read from the EFS file system. Migrate the database to Amazon Aurora MySQL Serverless v2 with a reader DB instance.

Containerize the application. Migrate the application to an Amazon Elastic Container Service (Amazon ECS) Cluster. Use the AWS Fargate launch type for the tasks that host the application. Create a new single EBS volume the static content. Mount the new EBS volume on the ECS duster. Configure AWS Application Auto Scaling on ECS cluster. Set the ECS service as a target for the ALB. Migrate the database to an Amazon RDS for MySOL Multi-AZ DB c

Containerize the application. Migrate the application to an Amazon Elastic Container Service (Amazon ECS) cluster. Use the AWS Fargate launch type for the tasks that host the application. Create an Amazon Elastic File System (Amazon EFS) file system for the static content. Mount the EFS file system to each container. Configure AWS Application Auto Scaling on the ECS cluster Set the ECS service as a target for the ALB. Migrate the database t

Question 110

A solutions architect has implemented a SAML 2 0 federated identity solution with their company's on-premises identity provider (IdP) to authenticate users' access to the AWS environment. When the solutions architect tests authentication through the federated identity web portal, access to the AWS environment is granted However when test users attempt to authenticate through the federated identity web portal, they are not able to access the AWS environment

Which items should the solutions architect check to ensure identity federation isproperly configured? (Select THREE)

Options:

The 1AM user's permissions policy has allowed the use of SAML federation for that user

The 1AM roles created for the federated users' or federated groups' trust policy have set the SAML provider as the principal

Test users are not in the AWSFederatedUsers group in the company's IdP

The web portal calls the AWS STS AssumeRoleWithSAML API with the ARN of the SAML provider, the ARN of the 1AM role, and the SAML assertion from IdP

The on-premises IdP's DNS hostname is reachable from the AWS environment VPCs

The company's IdP defines SAML assertions that properly map users or groups in the company to 1AM roles with appropriate permissions

Question 111

A solutions architect is investigating an issue in which a company cannot establish new sessions in Amazon Workspaces. An initial analysis indicates that the issue involves user profiles. The AmazonWorkspaces environment is configured to use Amazon FSx for Windows File Server as the profile share storage. The FSx for Windows File Server file system is configured with 10 TB of storage.

The solutions architect discovers that the file system has reached its maximum capacity. The solutions architect must ensure that users can regain access. The solution also must prevent the problem from occurring again.

Which solution will meet these requirements?

Options:

Remove old user profiles to create space. Migrate the user profiles to an Amazon FSx for Lustre file system.

Increase capacity by using the update-file-system command. Implement an Amazon CloudWatch metric that monitors free space. Use Amazon EventBridge to invoke an AWS Lambda function to increase capacity as required.

Monitor the file system by using the FreeStorageCapacity metric in Amazon CloudWatch. Use AWS Step Functions to increase the capacity as required.

Remove old user profiles to create space. Create an additional FSx for Windows File Server file system. Update the user profile redirection for 50% of the users to use the new file system.

Question 112

A company uses a load balancer to distribute traffic to Amazon EC2 instances in a single Availability Zone. The company is concerned about security and wants a solutions architect to re-architect the solution to meet the following requirements:

•Inbound requests must be filtered for common vulnerability attacks.

•Rejected requests must be sent to a third-party auditing application.

•All resources should be highly available.

Which solution meets these requirements?

Options:

Configure a Multi-AZ Auto Scaling group using the application's AMI. Create an Application Load Balancer (ALB) and select the previously created Auto Scaling group as the target. Use Amazon Inspector to monitor traffic to the ALB and EC2 instances. Create a web ACL in WAF. Create an AWS WAF using the web ACL and ALB. Use an AWS Lambda function to frequently push the Amazon Inspector report to the third-party auditing application.

Configure an Application Load Balancer (ALB) and add the EC2 instances as targets Create a web ACL in WAF. Create an AWS WAF using the web ACL and ALB name and enable logging with Amazon CloudWatch Logs. Use an AWS Lambda function to frequently push the logs to the third-party auditing application.

Configure an Application Load Balancer (ALB) along with a target group adding the EC2 instances as targets. Create an Amazon Kinesis Data Firehose with the destination of the third-party auditing application. Create a web ACL in WAF. Create an AWS WAF using the web ACL and ALB then enable logging by selecting the Kinesis Data Firehose as the destination. Subscribe to AWS Managed Rules in AWS Marketplace, choosing the WAF as the subscriber.<

Configure a Multi-AZ Auto Scaling group using the application's AMI. Create an Application Load Balancer (ALB) and select the previously created Auto Scaling group as the target. Create an Amazon Kinesis Data Firehose with a destination of the third-party auditing application. Create a web ACL in WAF. Create an AWS WAF using the WebACL and ALB then enable logging by selecting the Kinesis Data Firehose as the destination. Subscribe to AWS Ma

Question 113

A company is using GitHub Actions to run a CI/CD pipeline that accesses resources on AWS. The company has an IAM user that uses a secret key in the pipeline to authenticate to AWS. An existing IAM role with an attached policy grants the required permissions to deploy resources.

The company's security team implements a new requirement that pipelines can no longer use long-lived secret keys. A solutions architect must replace the secret key with a short-lived solution.

Which solution will meet these requirements with the LEAST operational overhead?

Options:

Create an IAM SAML 2.0 identity provider (IdP) in IAM. Create a new IAM role with the appropriate trust policy that allows the sts:AssumeRole API call. Attach the existing IAM policy to the new IAM role. Update GitHub to use SAML authentication for the pipeline.

Create an IAM OpenID Connect (OIDC) identity provider (IdP) in IAM. Create a new IAM role with the appropriate trust policy that allows the sts:AssumeRoleWithWebIdentity API call from the GitHub OIDC IdP. Update GitHub to assume the role for the pipeline.

Create an Amazon Cognito identity pool. Configure the authentication provider to use GitHub. Create a new IAM role with the appropriate trust policy that allows the sts:AssumeRoleWithWebIdentity API call from the GitHub authentication provider. Configure the pipeline to use Cognito as its authentication provider.

Create a trust anchor to AWS Private CA. Generate a client certificate to use with AWS IAM Roles Anywhere. Create a new IAM role with the appropriate trust policy that allows the sts:AssumeRole API call. Attach the existing IAM policy to the new IAM role. Configure the pipeline to use the credential helper tool and to reference the client certificate public key to assume the new IAM role.

Answer:

Explanation:

This explanation is based on AWS documentation and best practices but is paraphrased, not a literal extract.

The current CI/CD pipeline uses an IAM user with long-lived access keys stored in GitHub Actions. The new requirement is that pipelines must not use long-lived secret keys. Instead, the solution should provide short-lived credentials with minimal operational overhead.

GitHub Actions natively supports integration with cloud providers using OpenID Connect (OIDC). With OIDC, GitHub acts as an identity provider that can issue OIDC tokens to workflows. On the AWS side, IAM supports configuring an OIDC identity provider and roles that can be assumed by principals presenting valid OIDC tokens through the sts:AssumeRoleWithWebIdentity API. This pattern enables short-lived, automatically rotated credentials for CI/CD jobs without storing long-lived secrets.

In the correct solution (option B), you configure an IAM OIDC identity provider for GitHub in the AWS account. You then create a new IAM role with a trust policy that allows the Github OIDC provider to call sts:AssumeRoleWithWebIdentity, with conditions that restrict which repositories or workflows can assume the role. The existing IAM policy that grants deployment permissions is attached to that role. In GitHub Actions, you update the pipeline configuration to request an OIDC token and assume the IAM role at runtime. Each workflow run receives short-lived credentials without storing static keys, and AWS automatically handles the token verification and temporary credential issuance. This approach is the AWS-recommended pattern for integrating GitHub Actions with AWS without long-lived secrets and has low operational overhead once configured.

Option A uses SAML 2.0, which is typically used for enterprise single sign-on for users, not for GitHub Actions workflows. GitHub does not natively use SAML to obtain AWS credentials for CI/CD pipelines in the same streamlined way as OIDC, and implementing a SAML-based integration would add unnecessary complexity.

Option C introduces Amazon Cognito as an indirection layer. Although Cognito can federate with external identity providers, including social providers, using it as an intermediary to obtain temporary AWS credentials for a machine-to-machine CI/CD pipeline is not necessary when IAM OIDC federation with GitHub is directly supported. This adds additional configuration and operational overhead.

Option D uses IAM Roles Anywhere with client certificates from AWS Private CA. Roles Anywhere is designed for workloads running outside AWS that need to assume IAM roles using X.509 certificates instead of access keys. While technically possible, it requires managing private certificates, trust anchors, and a credential helper tool, which is more complex and operationally heavier than the direct OIDC integration specifically designed for GitHub Actions.

Therefore, configuring an IAM OIDC identity provider for GitHub and creating an IAM role to be assumed via sts:AssumeRoleWithWebIdentity (option B) meets the requirement to replace long-lived secret keys with short-lived credentials with the least operational overhead.

[References:AWS documentation on configuring IAM OpenID Connect identity providers and roles for GitHub Actions integration.AWS security best practices recommending federation and temporary credentials over long-lived IAM user access keys for CI/CD pipelines., , ]

Question 114

A large company recently experienced an unexpected increase in Amazon RDS and Amazon DynamoDB costs. The company needs to increase visibility into details of AWS Billing and Cost Management There are various accounts associated with AWS Organizations, including many development and production accounts There is no consistent tagging strategy across the organization, but there are guidelines in place that require all infrastructure to be deployed using AWS CloudFormation with consistent tagging. Management requires cost center numbers and project ID numbers for all existing and future DynamoDB tables and RDS instances.

Which strategy should the solutions architect provide to meet these requirements?

Options:

Use Tag Editor to tag existing resources Create cost allocation tags to define the cost center and project ID and allow 24 hours for tags to propagate to existing resources.

Use an AWS Config rule to alert the finance team of untagged resources Create a centralized AWS Lambda based solution to tag untagged RDS databases and DynamoDB resources every hour using a cross-account role.

Use Tag Editor to tag existing resources Create cost allocation tags to define the cost center and project ID Use SCPs to restrict resource creation that do not have the cost center and project ID on the resource.

Create cost allocation tags to define the cost center and project ID and allow 24 hours for tags to propagate to existing resources Update existing federated roles to restrict privileges to provision resources that do not include the cost center and project ID on the resource.

Question 115

A company wants to optimize AWS data-transfer costs and compute costs across developer accounts within the company's organization in AWS Organizations Developers can configure VPCs and launch Amazon EC2 instances in a single AWS Region The EC2 instances retrieve approximately 1 TB of data each day from Amazon S3

The developer activity leads to excessive monthly data-transfer charges and NAT gateway processing charges between EC2 instances and S3 buckets, along with high compute costs The company wants to proactively enforce approved architectural patterns for any EC2 instance and VPC infrastructure that developers deploy within the AWS accounts The company does not wantthis enforcement to negatively affect the speed at which the developers can perform their tasks

Which solution will meet these requirements MOST cost-effectively?

Options:

Create SCPs to prevent developers from launching unapproved EC2 instance types Provide the developers with an AWS CloudFormation template to deploy an approved VPC configuration with S3 interface endpoints Scope the developers* IAM permissions so that the developers can launch VPC resources only with CloudFormation

Create a daily forecasted budget with AWS Budgets to monitor EC2 compute costs and S3 data-transfer costs across the developer accounts When the forecasted cost is 75% of the actual budget cost, send an alert to the developer teams If the actual budget cost is 100%. create a budget action to terminate the developers' EC2 instances and VPC infrastructure

Create an AWS Service Catalog portfolio that users can use to create an approved VPC configuration with S3 gateway endpoints and approved EC2 instances Share the portfolio with the developer accounts Configure an AWS Service Catalog launch constraint to use an approved IAM role Scope the developers' IAM permissions to allow access only to AWS Service Catalog

Create and deploy AWS Config rules to monitor the compliance of EC2 and VPC resources in the developer AWS accounts If developers launch unapproved EC2 instances or if developers create VPCs without S3 gateway endpoints perform a remediation action to terminate the unapproved resources

Question 116

A company is planning to migrate 1,000 on-premises servers to AWS. The servers run on several VMware clusters in the company’s data center. As part of the migration plan, the company wants to gather server metrics such as CPU details, RAM usage, operating system information, and running processes. The company then wants to query and analyze the data.

Which solution will meet these requirements?

Options:

Deploy and configure the AWS Agentless Discovery Connector virtual appliance on the on-premises hosts. Configure Data Exploration in AWS Migration Hub. Use AWS Glue to perform an ETL job against the data. Query the data by using Amazon S3 Select.

Export only the VM performance information from the on-premises hosts. Directly import the required data into AWS Migration Hub. Update any missing information in Migration Hub. Query the data by using Amazon QuickSight.

Create a script to automatically gather the server information from the on-premises hosts. Use the AWS CLI to run the put-resource-attributes command to store the detailed server data in AWS Migration Hub. Query the data directly in the Migration Hub console.

Deploy the AWS Application Discovery Agent to each on-premises server. Configure Data Exploration in AWS Migration Hub. Use Amazon Athena to run predefined queries against the data in Amazon S3.

Question 117

A company hosts a data-processing application on Amazon EC2 instances. The application polls an Amazon Elastic File System (Amazon EFS) file system for newly uploaded files. When a new file is detected, the application extracts data from the file and runs logic to select a Docker container image to process the file. The application starts the appropriate container image and passes the file location as a parameter.

The data processing that the container performs can take up to 2 hours. When the processing is complete, the code that runs inside the container writes the file back to Amazon EFS and exits.

The company needs to refactor the application to eliminate the EC2 instances that are running the containers

Which solution will meet these requirements?

Options:

Create an Amazon Elastic Container Service (Amazon ECS) cluster. Configure the processing to run as AWS Fargate tasks. Extract the container selection logic to run as an Amazon EventBridge rule that starts the appropriate Fargate task. Configure the EventBridge rule to run when files are added to the EFS file system.

Create an Amazon Elastic Container Service (Amazon ECS) cluster. Configure the processing to run as AWS Fargate tasks. Update and containerize the container selection logic to run as a Fargate service that starts the appropriate Fargate task. Configure an EFS event notification to invoke the Fargate service when files are added to the EFS file system.

Create an Amazon Elastic Container Service (Amazon ECS) cluster. Configure the processing to run as AWS Fargate tasks. Extract the container selection logic to run as an AWS Lambda function that starts the appropriate Fargate task. Migrate the storage of file uploads to an Amazon S3 bucket. Update theprocessing code to use Amazon S3. Configure an S3 event notification to invoke the Lambda function when objects are created.

Create AWS Lambda container images for the processing. Configure Lambda functions to use the container images. Extract the container selection logic torun as a decision Lambda function that invokes the appropriate Lambda processing function. Migrate the storage of file uploads to an Amazon S3 bucket.Update the processing code to use Amazon S3. Configure an S3 event notification to invoke the decision Lambda function when objects are created

Question 118

A company wants to migrate to AWS. The company wants to use a multi-account structure with centrally managed access to all accounts and applications. The company also wants to keep the traffic on a private network. Multi-factor authentication (MFA) is required at login, and specific roles are assigned to user groups.

The company must create separate accounts for development. staging, production, and shared network. The production account and the shared network account must have connectivity to all accounts. The development account and the staging account must have access only to each other.

Which combination of steps should a solutions architect take 10 meet these requirements? (Choose three.)

Options:

Deploy a landing zone environment by using AWS Control Tower. Enroll accounts and invite existing accounts into the resulting organization in AWS Organizations.

Enable AWS Security Hub in all accounts to manage cross-account access. Collect findings through AWS CloudTrail to force MFA login.

Create transit gateways and transit gateway VPC attachments in each account. Configure appropriate route tables.

Set up and enable AWS IAM Identity Center (AWS Single Sign-On). Create appropriate permission sets with required MFA for existing accounts.

Enable AWS Control Tower in all Recounts to manage routing between accounts. Collect findings through AWS CloudTrail to force MFA login.

Create IAM users and groups. Configure MFA for all users. Set up Amazon Cognito user pools and identity pools to manage access to accounts and between accounts.

Question 119

A finance company hosts a data lake in Amazon S3. The company receives financial data records over SFTP each night from several third parties. The company runs its own SFTP server on an Amazon EC2 instance in a public subnet of a VPC. After the files ate uploaded, they are moved to the data lake by a cron job that runs on the same instance. The SFTP server is reachable on DNS sftp.examWe.com through the use of Amazon Route 53.

What should a solutions architect do to improve the reliability and scalability of the SFTP solution?

Options:

Move the EC2 instance into an Auto Scaling group. Place the EC2 instance behind an Application Load Balancer (ALB). Update the DNS record sftp.example.com in Route 53 to point to the ALB.

Migrate the SFTP server to AWS Transfer for SFTP. Update the DNS record sftp.example.com in Route 53 to point to the server endpoint hostname.

Migrate the SFTP server to a file gateway in AWS Storage Gateway. Update the DNS record sflp.example.com in Route 53 to point to the file gateway endpoint.

Place the EC2 instance behind a Network Load Balancer (NLB). Update the DNS record sftp.example.com in Route 53 to point to the NLB.

Question 120

A company is migrating an application from on-premises infrastructure to the AWS Cloud. During migration design meetings, the company expressed concerns about the availability and recovery options for its legacy Windows file server. The file server contains sensitive business-critical data that cannot be recreated in the event of data corruption or data loss. According to compliance requirements, the data must not travel across the public internet. The company wants to move to AWS managed services where possible.

The company decides to store the data in an Amazon FSx for Windows File Server file system. A solutions architect must design a solution that copies the data to another AWS Region for disaster recovery (DR) purposes.

Which solution will meet these requirements?

Options:

Create a destination Amazon S3 bucket in the DR Region. Establish connectivity between the FSx for Windows File Server file system in the primary Region and the S3 bucket in the DR Region by using Amazon FSx File Gateway. Configure the S3 bucket as a continuous backup source in FSx File Gateway.

Create an FSx for Windows File Server file system in the DR Region. Establish connectivity between the VPC in the primary Region and the VPC in the DR Region by using AWS Site-to-Site VPN. Configure AWS DataSync to communicate by using VPN endpoints.

Create an FSx for Windows File Server file system in the DR Region. Establish connectivity between the VPC in the primary Region and the VPC in the DR Region by using VPC peering. Configure AWS DataSync to communicate by using interface VPC endpoints with AWS PrivateLink.

Create an FSx for Windows File Server file system in the DR Region. Establish connectivity between the VPC in the primary Region and the VPC in the DR Region by using AWS Transit Gateway in each Region. Use AWS Transfer Family to copy files between the FSx for Windows File Server file system in the primary Region and the FSx for Windows File Server file system in the DR Region over the private AWS backbone network.

Question 121

A solutions architect at a large company needs to set up network security tor outbound traffic to the internet from all AWS accounts within an organization in AWS Organizations. The organization has more than 100 AWS accounts, and the accounts route to each other by using a centralized AWS Transit Gateway. Each account has both an internet gateway and a NAT gateway tor outbound traffic to the internet The company deploys resources only into a single AWS Region.

The company needs the ability to add centrally managed rule-based filtering on all outbound traffic to the internet for all AWS accounts in the organization. The peak load of outbound traffic will not exceed 25 Gbps in each Availability Zone.

Which solution meets these requirements?

Options:

Create a new VPC for outbound traffic to the internet. Connect the existing transit gateway to the new VPC. Configure a new NAT gateway. Create an Auto Scaling group of Amazon EC2 instances that run an open-source internet proxy for rule-based filtering across all Availability Zones in the Region. Modify all default routes to point to the proxy's Auto Scaling group.

Create a new VPC for outbound traffic to the internet. Connect the existing transit gateway to the new VPC. Configure a new NAT gateway. Use an AWSNetwork Firewall firewall for rule-based filtering. Create Network Firewall endpoints in each Availability Zone. Modify all default routes to point to the Network Firewall endpoints.

Create an AWS Network Firewall firewall for rule-based filtering in each AWS account. Modify all default routes to point to the Network Firewall firewalls in each account.

In each AWS account, create an Auto Scaling group of network-optimized Amazon EC2 instances that run an open-source internet proxy for rule-based filtering. Modify all default routes to point to the proxy's Auto Scaling group.

Question 122

A company is using AWS Control Tower to manage AWS accounts in an organization in AWS Organizations. The company has an OU that contains accounts. The company

must prevent any new or existing Amazon EC2 instances in the OUs accounts from gaining a public IP address.

Which solution will meet these requirements?

Options:

Configure all instances in each account in the OU to use AWS Systems Manager. Use a Systems Manager Automation runbook to prevent public IP addressesfrom being attached to the instances.

Implement the AWS Control Tower proactive control to check whether instances in the OU's accounts have a public IP address. Set theAssociatePubIicIpAddress property to False. Attach the proactive control to the OU.

Create an SCP that prevents the launch of instances that have a public IP address. Additionally, configure the SCP to prevent the attachment of apublic IP address to existing instances. Attach the SCP to the OU.

Create an AWS Config custom rule that detects instances that have a public IP address. Configure a remediation action that uses an AWS Lambda function to detach the public IP addresses from the instances.

Question 123

A company is changing the way that it handles patching of Amazon EC2 instances in its application account. The company currently patches instances over the internet by using a NAT gateway in a VPC in the application account. The company has EC2 instances set up as a patch source repository in a dedicated private VPC in a core account. The company wants to use AWS Systems Manager Patch Manager and the patch source repository in the core account to patch the EC2 instances in the application account. The company must prevent all EC2 instances in the application account from accessing the internet. The EC2 instances in the application account need to access Amazon S3, where the application data is stored. These EC2 instances need connectivity to Systems Manager and to the patch source repository in the private VPC in the core account. Which solution will meet these requirements?

Options:

Create a network ACL that blocks outbound traffic on port 80. Associate the network ACL with all subnets in the application account. In the application account and the core account, deploy one EC2 instance that runs a custom VPN server. Create a VPN tunnel to access the private VPC. Update the route table in the application account.

Create private VIFs for Systems Manager and Amazon S3. Delete the NAT gateway from the VPC in the application account. Create a transit gateway to access the patch source repository EC2 instances in the core account. Update the route table in the core account.

Create VPC endpoints for Systems Manager and Amazon S3. Delete the NAT gateway from the VPC in the application account. Create a VPC peering connection to access the patch source repository EC2 instances in the core account. Update the route tables in both accounts.

Create a network ACL that blocks inbound traffic on port 80. Associate the network ACL with all subnets in the application account. Create a transit gateway to access the patch source repository EC2 instances in the core account. Update the route tables in both accounts.

Answer:

Explanation:

Option C is the correct and most efficient solution, aligning with AWS best practices for secure and private connectivity:

Create VPC Endpoints for Systems Manager and Amazon S3:

Systems Manager VPC Endpoints: By creating interface VPC endpoints for Systems Manager (com.amazonaws.region.ssm, com.amazonaws.region.ec2messages, and com.amazonaws.region.ssmmessages), the EC2 instances can communicate with Systems Manager services without requiring internet access. This setup ensures that patching operations can be conducted securely within the AWS network.

Amazon S3 VPC Endpoint: A gateway VPC endpoint for Amazon S3 (com.amazonaws.region.s3) allows EC2 instances to access S3 buckets privately. This is essential for accessing application data stored in S3 without traversing the public internet.

[Reference: docs.aws.amazon.com, Delete the NAT Gateway:, Removing the NAT gateway ensures that EC2 instances in the application account cannot access the internet, satisfying the requirement to prevent internet access. This action enhances the security posture by eliminating a potential vector for unauthorized outbound traffic., Create a VPC Peering Connection:, Establishing a VPC peering connection between the application account's VPC and the core account's private VPC enables direct, private communication between the EC2 instances in both accounts. This setup allows the application account's EC2 instances to access the patch source repository hosted in the core account securely., Reference: docs.aws.amazon.com, Update Route Tables in Both Accounts:, After setting up the VPC peering connection, it's crucial to update the route tables in both VPCs to allow traffic to flow between them. This configuration ensures that the EC2 instances in the application account can reach the patch source repository in the core account and vice versa., Why Other Options Are Incorrect:, Option A: Implementing a custom VPN solution introduces unnecessary complexity and operational overhead. Additionally, merely blocking outbound traffic on port 80 does not comprehensively prevent internet access, as other ports (e.g., 443 for HTTPS) remain open., Option B: Creating private virtual interfaces (VIFs) is typically associated with AWS Direct Connect, which is not applicable in this scenario. Moreover, using a transit gateway, while feasible, is more complex and may be unnecessary for this use case., Option D: Blocking inbound traffic on port 80 does not prevent outbound internet access. Furthermore, employing a transit gateway adds complexity and cost, which may not be justified given the requirements., Conclusion:, Option C provides a secure, efficient, and cost-effective solution that meets all the specified requirements:, Prevents EC2 instances from accessing the internet., Enables access to Amazon S3 and Systems Manager services via VPC endpoints., Facilitates secure communication with the patch source repository in the core account through VPC peering., This approach leverages AWS's native networking features to maintain a secure and private environment for patch management operations., ]

Question 124

A solutions architect is designing an AWS account structure for a company that consists of multiple teams. All the teams will work in the same AWS Region. The company needs a VPC that is connected to the on-premises network. The company expects less than 50 Mbps of total traffic to and from the on-premises network.

Which combination of steps will meet these requirements MOST cost-effectively? (Select TWO.)

Options:

Create an AWS Cloud Formation template that provisions a VPC and the required subnets. Deploy the template to each AWS account.

Create an AWS Cloud Formation template that provisions a VPC and the required subnets. Deploy the template to a shared services account Share the subnets by using AWS Resource Access Manager.

Use AWS Transit Gateway along with an AWS Site-to-Site VPN for connectivity to the on-premises network. Share the transit gateway by using AWS Resource Access Manager.

Use AWS Site-to-Site VPN for connectivity to the on-premises network.

Use AWS Direct Connect for connectivity to the on-premises network.

Question 125

A company has a serverless application comprised of Amazon CloudFront, Amazon API Gateway, and AWS Lambda functions. The current deployment process of the application code is to create a new version number of the Lambda function and run an AWS CLI script to update. If the new function version has errors, another CLI script reverts by deploying the previous working version of the function. The company would like to decrease the time to deploy new versions of the application logic provided by the Lambda functions, and also reduce the time to detect and revert when errors are identified.

How can this be accomplished?

Options:

Create and deploy nested AWS CloudFormation stacks with the parent stack consisting of the AWS CloudFront distribution and API Gateway, and the child stack containing the Lambda function. For changes to Lambda, create an AWS CloudFormation change set and deploy; if errors are triggered, revert the AWS CloudFormation change set to the previous version.

Use AWS SAM and built-in AWS CodeDeploy to deploy the new Lambda version, gradually shift traffic to the new version, and use pre-traffic and post-traffic test functions to verify code. Rollback if Amazon CloudWatch alarms are triggered.

Refactor the AWS CLI scripts into a single script that deploys the new Lambda version. When deployment is completed, the script tests execute. If errors are detected, revert to the previous Lambda version.

Create and deploy an AWS CloudFormation stack that consists of a new API Gateway endpoint that references the new Lambda version. Change the CloudFront origin to the new API Gateway endpoint, monitor errors and if detected, change the AWS CloudFront origin to the previous API Gateway endpoint.

Question 126

An online magazine will launch its latest edition this month. This edition will be the first to be distributed globally. The magazine's dynamic website currently uses an Application Load Balancer in front of the web tier, a fleet of Amazon EC2 instances for web and application servers, and Amazon Aurora MySQL. Portions of the website include static content and almost all traffic is read-only.

The magazine is expecting a significant spike in internet traffic when the new edition is launched. Optimal performance is a top priority for the week following the launch.

Which combination of steps should a solutions architect take to reduce system response times for a global audience? (Choose two.)

Options:

Use logical cross-Region replication to replicate the Aurora MySQL database to a secondary Region. Replace the web servers with Amazon S3. Deploy S3 buckets in cross-Region replication mode.

Ensure the web and application tiers are each in Auto Scaling groups. Introduce an AWS Direct Connect connection. Deploy the web and application tiers in Regions across the world.

Migrate the database from Amazon Aurora to Amazon RDS for MySQL. Ensure all three of the application tiersג€" web, application, and databaseג€" are in private subnets.

Use an Aurora global database for physical cross-Region replication. Use Amazon S3 with cross-Region replication for static content and resources. Deploy the web and application tiers in Regions across the world.

Introduce Amazon Route 53 with latency-based routing and Amazon CloudFront distributions. Ensure the web and application tiers are each in Auto Scaling groups.

Question 127

An application is using an Amazon RDS for MySQL Multi-AZ DB instance in the us-east-1 Region. After a failover test, the application lost the connections to the database and could not re-establish the connections. After a restart of the application, the application re-established the connections.

A solutions architect must implement a solution so that the application can re-establish connections to the database without requiring a restart.

Which solution will meet these requirements?

Options:

Create an Amazon Aurora MySQL Serverless v1 DB instance. Migrate the RDS DB instance to the Aurora Serverless v1 DB instance. Update the connection settings in the application to point to the Aurora reader endpoint.

Create an RDS proxy. Configure the existing RDS endpoint as a target. Update the connection settings in the application to point to the RDS proxy endpoint.

Create a two-node Amazon Aurora MySQL DB cluster. Migrate the RDS DB instance to the Aurora DB cluster. Create an RDS proxy. Configure the existing RDS endpoint as a target. Update the connection settings in the application to point to the RDS proxy endpoint.

Create an Amazon S3 bucket. Export the database to Amazon S3 by using AWS Database Migration Service (AWS DMS). Configure Amazon Athena to use the S3 bucket as a data store. Install the latest Open Database Connectivity (ODBC) driver for the application. Update the connection settings in the application to point to the Athena endpoint

Question 128

A company is running multiple workloads in the AWS Cloud. The company has separate units for software development. The company uses AWS Organizations and federation with SAML to give permissions to developers to manage resources in their AWS accounts. The development units each deploy their production workloads into a common production account.

Recently, an incident occurred in the production account in which members of a development unitterminated an EC2 instance that belonged to a different development unit. A solutions architect must create a solution that prevents a similar incident from happening in the future. The solution also must allow developers the possibility to manage the instances used for their workloads.

Which strategy will meet these requirements?

Options:

Create separate OUs in AWS Organizations for each development unit. Assign the created OUs to the company AWS accounts. Create separate SCPs with a deny action and a StringNotEquals condition for the DevelopmentUnit resource tag that matches the development unit name. Assign the SCP to the corresponding OU.

Pass an attribute for DevelopmentUnit as an AWS Security Token Service (AWS STS) session tag during SAML federation. Update the IAM policy for the developers' assumed IAM role with a deny action and a StringNotEquals condition for the DevelopmentUnit resource tag and aws:PrincipalTag/ DevelopmentUnit.

Pass an attribute for DevelopmentUnit as an AWS Security Token Service (AWS STS) session tag during SAML federation. Create an SCP with an allow action and a StringEquals condition for the DevelopmentUnit resource tag and aws:PrincipalTag/DevelopmentUnit. Assign the SCP to the root OU.

Create separate IAM policies for each development unit. For every IAM policy, add an allow action and a StringEquals condition for the DevelopmentUnit resource tag and the development unit name. During SAML federation, use AWS Security Token Service (AWS STS) to assign the IAM policy and match the development unit name to the assumed IAM role.

Question 129

A company needs to gather data from an experiment in a remote location that does not have internet connectivity. During the experiment, sensors that are connected to a total network will generate 6 TB of data in a preprimary formal over the course of 1 week. The sensors can be configured to upload their data files to an FTP server periodically, but the sensors do not have their own FTP server. The sensors also do not support other protocols. The company needs to collect the data centrally and move lie data to object storage in the AWS Cloud as soon. as possible after the experiment.

Which solution will meet these requirements?

Options:

Order an AWS Snowball Edge Compute Optimized device. Connect the device to the local network. Configure AWS DataSync with a target bucket name, and unload the data over NFS to the device. After the experiment return the device to AWS so that the data can be loaded into Amazon S3.

Order an AWS Snowcone device, including an Amazon Linux 2 AMI. Connect the device to the local network. Launch an Amazon EC2 instance on the device. Create a shell script that periodically downloads data from each sensor. After the experiment, return the device to AWS so that the data can be loaded as an Amazon Elastic Block Store [Amazon EBS) volume.

Order an AWS Snowcone device, including an Amazon Linux 2 AMI. Connect the device to the local network. Launch an Amazon EC2 instance on the device. Install and configure an FTP server on the EC2 instance. Configure the sensors to upload data to the EC2 instance. After the experiment, return the device to AWS so that the data can be loaded into Amazon S3.

Order an AWS Snowcone device. Connect the device to the local network. Configure the device to use Amazon FSx. Configure the sensors to upload data to the device. Configure AWS DataSync on the device to synchronize the uploaded data with an Amazon S3 bucket Return the device to AWS so that the data can be loaded as an Amazon Elastic Block Store (Amazon EBS) volume.

Question 130

During an audit, a security team discovered that a development team was putting IAM user secret access keys in their code and then committing it to an AWS CodeCommit repository. The security team wants to automatically find and remediate instances of this security vulnerability.

Which solution will ensure that the credentials are appropriately secured automatically7

Options:

Run a script nightly using AWS Systems Manager Run Command to search tor credentials on the development instances. If found. use AWS Secrets Manager to rotate the credentials.

Use a scheduled AWS Lambda function to download and scan the application code from CodeCommit. If credentials are found, generate new credentials and store them in AWS KMS.

Configure Amazon Made to scan for credentials in CodeCommit repositories. If credentials are found, trigger an AWS Lambda function to disable the credentials and notify the user.

Configure a CodeCommit trigger to invoke an AWS Lambda function to scan new code submissions for credentials. It credentials are found, disable them in AWS IAM and notify the user

Question 131

A company recently started hosting new application workloads in the AWS Cloud. The company is using Amazon EC2 instances, Amazon Elastic File System (Amazon EFS) file systems, and Amazon RDS DB instances.

To meet regulatory and business requirements, the company must make the following changes for data backups:

* Backups must be retained based on custom daily, weekly, and monthlyrequirements.

* Backups must be replicated to at least one other AWS Region immediately after capture.

* The backup solution must provide a single source of backup status across the AWS environment.

* The backup solution must send immediate notifications upon failure of any resource backup.

Which combination of steps will meet this requirement with the LEAST amount of operational overhead? (Select THREE.)

Options:

Create an AWS Backup plan with a backup rule for each of the retention requirements.

Configure an AWS backup plan to copy backups to another Region.

Create an AWS Lambda function to replicate backups to another Region and send notification if a failure occurs.

Add an Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS) topic to the backup plan to send a notification for finished jobs that have any status except BACKUP- JOB- COMPLETED.

Create an Amazon Data Lifecycle Manager (Amazon DLM) snapshot lifecycle policy for each of the retention requirements.

Set up RDS snapshots on each database.

Question 132

A company has mounted sensors to collect information about environmental parameters such as humidity and light throughout all the company's factories. The company needs to stream and analyze the data in the AWS Cloud in real time. If any of the parameters fall out of acceptable ranges, the factory operations team must receive a notification immediately.

Which solution will meet these requirements?

Options:

Stream the data to an Amazon Kinesis Data Firehose delivery stream. Use AWS Step Functions to consume and analyze the data in the Kinesis Data Firehose delivery stream. use Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS) to notify the operations team.

Stream the data to an Amazon Managed Streaming for Apache Kafka (Amazon MSK) cluster. Set up a trigger in Amazon MSK to invoke an AWS Fargate taskto analyze the data. Use Amazon Simple Email Service (Amazon SES) to notify the operations team.

Stream the data to an Amazon Kinesis data stream. Create an AWS Lambda function to consume the Kinesis data stream and to analyze the data. UseAmazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS) to notify the operations team.

Stream the data to an Amazon Kinesis Data Analytics application. I-Jse an automatically scaled and containerized service in Amazon Elastic Container Service (Amazon ECS) to consume and analyze the data. use Amazon Simple Email Service (Amazon SES) to notify the operations team.

Question 133

A company uses AWS Organizations for a multi-account setup in the AWS Cloud. The company uses AWS Control Tower for governance and uses AWS Transit Gateway for VPC connectivityacross accounts.

In an AWS application account, the company's application team has deployed a web application that uses AWS Lambda and Amazon RDS. The company's database administrators have a separate DBA account and use the account to centrally manage all the databases across the organization. The database administrators use an Amazon EC2 instance that is deployed in the DBA account to access an RDS database that is deployed in the application account.

The application team has stored the database credentials as secrets in AWS Secrets Manager in the application account. The application team is manually sharing the secrets with the database administrators. The secrets are encrypted by the default AWS managed key for Secrets Manager in the application account. A solutions architect needs to implement a solution that gives the database administrators access to the database and eliminates the need to manually share the secrets.

Which solution will meet these requirements?

Options:

Use AWS Resource Access Manager (AWS RAM) to share the secrets from the application account with the DBA account. In the DBA account, create an IAM role that is named DBA-Admin. Grant the role the required permissions to access the shared secrets. Attach the DBA-Admin role to the EC2 instance for access to the cross-account secrets.

In the application account, create an IAM role that is named DBA-Secret. Grant the role the required permissions to access the secrets. In the DBA account, create an IAM role that is named DBA-Admin. Grant the DBA-Admin role the required permissions to assume the DBA-Secret role in the application account. Attach the DBA-Admin role to the EC2 instance for access to the cross-account secrets.

In the DBA account, create an IAM role that is named DBA-Admin. Grant the role the required permissions to access the secrets and the default AWS managed key in the application account. In the application account, attach resource-based policies to the key to allow access from the DBA account. Attach the DBA-Admin role to the EC2 instance for access to the cross-account secrets.

In the DBA account, create an IAM role that is named DBA-Admin. Grant the role the required permissions to access the secrets in the application account. Attach an SCP to the application account to allow access to the secrets from the DBA account. Attach the DBA-Admin role to the EC2 instance for access to the cross-account secrets.

Question 134

A company is developing a new on-demand video application that is based on microservices. The application will have 5 million users at launch and will have 30 million users after 6 months. The company has deployed the application on Amazon Elastic Container Service (Amazon ECS) on AWS Fargate. The company developed the application by using ECS services that use the HTTPS protocol.

A solutions architect needs to implement updates to the application by using blue/green deployments. The solution must distribute traffic to each ECS service through a load balancer. The application must automatically adjust the number of tasks in response to an Amazon CloudWatch alarm.

Which solution will meet these requirements?

Options:

Configure the ECS services to use the blue/green deployment type and a Network Load Balancer. Request increases to the service quota for tasks per service to meet the demand.

Configure the ECS services to use the blue/green deployment type and a Network Load Balancer. Implement an Auto Scaling group for each ECS service by using the Cluster Autoscaler.

Configure the ECS services to use the blue/green deployment type and an Application Load Balancer. Implement an Auto Seating group for each ECS service by using the Cluster Autoscaler.

Configure the ECS services to use the blue/green deployment type and an Application Load Balancer. Implement Service Auto Scaling for each ECS service.

Question 135

A utility company collects usage data from smart meters every 5 minutes. Data is sent to API Gateway, processed by Lambda, and stored in DynamoDB. As usage increased, Lambda durations increased and DynamoDB PUTs failed with ProvisionedThroughputExceededException. Lambda also experiences TooManyRequestsException errors.

Which combination of changes will resolve these issues? (Select TWO.)

Options:

Increase the write capacity units to the DynamoDB table.

Increase the memory available to the Lambda functions.

Increase the payload size from the smart meters.

Stream the data into an Amazon Kinesis data stream from API Gateway and process the data in batches.

Collect data in an Amazon SQS FIFO queue, which triggers a Lambda function to process each message.

Question 136

A company runs an application on AWS. The application uses an Amazon Aurora MySQL database that is encrypted with the default AWS managed AWS KMS key.

The company must implement a solution to rotate the database encryption key every 180 days. The solution must provide a notification if the encryption key is noncompliant with this standard.

Which solution will meet these requirements?

Options:

Configure the rotation period for the existing AWS managed KMS key to be 180 days. Implement the cmk-backing-key-rotation-enabled AWS Config managed rule for the existing KMS key. Configure AWS Config to use Amazon SNS to notify the security team if key rotation is noncompliant.

Create a new AWS managed KMS key with automatic rotation set for 180 days. Take a snapshot of the database. Restore the snapshot to a new Aurora cluster that uses the new KMS key. Create an AWS Config custom rule that uses an AWS Lambda function to validate the key rotation period. Configure AWS Config to use Amazon SES to notify the security team if key encryption is noncompliant.

Create a new customer managed KMS key with automatic rotation set for 180 days. Take asnapshot of the database. Restore the snapshot to a new Aurora cluster that uses the new KMS key. Create an AWS Config custom rule that uses an AWS Lambda function to validate the key rotation period. Configure AWS Config to use Amazon SNS to notify the security team if key encryption is noncompliant.

Create a new customer managed KMS key with automatic rotation set for 180 days. Update the database to use the new KMS key for encryption. Implement the cmk-backing-key-rotation-enabled AWS Config managed rule for the new KMS key. Configure AWS Config to use Amazon SES to notify the security team if key rotation is noncompliant.

Question 137

A company is deploying AWS Lambda functions that access an Amazon RDS for PostgreSQL database. The company needs to launch the Lambda functions in a QA

environment and in a production environment.

The company must not expose credentials within application code and must rotate passwords automatically.

Which solution will meet these requirements?

Options:

Store the database credentials for both environments in AWS Systems Manager Parameter Store. Encrypt the credentials by using an AWS Key ManagementService (AWS KMS) key. Within the application code of the Lambda functions, pull the credentials from the Parameter Store parameter by using the AWS SDKfor Python (Bot03). Add a role to the Lambda functions to provide access to the Parameter Store parameter.

Store the database credentials for both environments in AWS Secrets Manager with distinct key entry for the QA environment and the production environment.Turn on rotation. Provide a reference to the Secrets Manager key as an environment variable for the Lambda functions.

Store the database credentials for both environments in AWS Key Management Service (AWS KMS). Turn on rotation. Provide a reference to the credentialsthat are stored in AWS KMS as an environment variable for the Lambda functions.

Create separate S3 buckets for the QA environment and the production environment. Turn on server-side encryption with AWS KMS keys (SSE-KMS) for theS3 buckets. Use an object naming pattern that gives each Lambda function's application code the ability to pull the correct credentials for the function'scorresponding environment. Grant each Lambda function's execution role access to Amazon S3.

Question 138

A company needs to use an AWS Transfer Family SFTP-enabled server with an Amazon S3 bucket to receive updates from a third-party data supplier. The data is encrypted with Pretty Good Privacy (PGP) encryption The company needs a solution that will automatically decrypt the data after the company receives the data

A solutions architect will use a Transfer Family managed workflow The company has created an 1AM service role by using an 1AM policy that allows access to AWS Secrets Manager and the S3 bucket The role's trust relationship allows the transfer amazonaws com service to assume the rote

What should the solutions architect do next to complete the solution for automatic decryption'?

Options:

Store the PGP public key in Secrets Manager Add a nominal step in the Transfer Family managed workflow to decrypt files Configure PGP encryption parameters in the nominal step Associate the workflow with the Transfer Family server

Store the PGP private key in Secrets Manager Add an exception-handling step in the Transfer Family managed workflow to decrypt files Configure PGP encryption parameters in the exception handler Associate the workflow with the SFTP user

Store the PGP private key in Secrets Manager Add a nominal step in the Transfer Family managed workflow to decrypt files. Configure PGP decryption parameters in the nominal step Associate the workflow with the Transfer Family server

Store the PGP public key in Secrets Manager Add an exception-handling step in the TransferFamily managed workflow to decrypt files Configure PGP decryption parameters in the exception handler Associate the workflow with the SFTP user

Question 139

A company is running several workloads in a single AWS account. A new company policy states that engineers can provision only approved resources and that engineers must use AWS CloudFormation to provision these resources. A solutions architect needs to create a solution to enforce the new restriction on the IAM role that the engineers use for access.

What should the solutions architect do to create the solution?

Options:

Upload AWS CloudFormation templates that contain approved resources to an Amazon S3 bucket. Update the IAM policy for the engineers' IAM role to only allow access to Amazon S3 and AWS CloudFormation. Use AWS CloudFormation templates to provision resources.

Update the IAM policy for the engineers' IAM role with permissions to only allow provisioning of approved resources and AWS CloudFormation. Use AWS CloudFormation templates to create stacks with approved resources.

Update the IAM policy for the engineers' IAM role with permissions to only allow AWS CloudFormation actions. Create a new IAM policy with permission to provision approved resources, and assign the policy to a new IAM service role. Assign the IAM service role to AWS CloudFormation during stack creation.

Provision resources in AWS CloudFormation stacks. Update the IAM policy for the engineers' IAM role to only allow access to their own AWS CloudFormation stack.

Question 140

A company is running its solution on AWS in a manually created VPC. The company is using AWS CloudFormation to provision other parts of the infrastructure According to a new requirement the company must manage all infrastructure in an automatic way

What should the comp any do to meet this new requirement with the LEAST effort?

Options:

Create a new AWS Cloud Development Kit (AWS CDK) stack that strictly provisions the existing VPC resources and configuration Use AWS CDK to import the VPC into the stack and to manage the VPC

Create a CloudFormation stack set that creates the VPC Use the stack set to import the VPC into the stack

Create a new CloudFormation template that strictly provisions the existing VPC resources and configuration From the CloudFormation console, create a new stack by importing the existing resources

Create a new CloudFormation template that creates the VPC Use the AWS Serverless Application Model (AWS SAM) CLI to import the VPC

Question 141

A startup company hosts a fleet of Amazon EC2 instances in private subnets using the latest Amazon Linux 2 AMI. The company's engineers rely heavily on SSH access to the instances for troubleshooting.

The company's existing architecture includes the following:

• A VPC with private and public subnets, and a NAT gateway

• Site-to-Site VPN for connectivity with the on-premises environment

• EC2 security groups with direct SSH access from the on-premises environment

The company needs to increase security controls around SSH access and provide auditing of commands executed by the engineers.

Which strategy should a solutions architect use?

Options:

Install and configure EC2 Instance Connect on the fleet of EC2 instances. Remove all security group rules attached to EC2 instances that allow inbound TCP on port 22. Advise the engineers to remotely access the instances by using the EC2 Instance Connect CLI.

Update the EC2 security groups to only allow inbound TCP on port 22 to the IP addresses of the engineer's devices. Install the Amazon CloudWatch agent on all EC2 instances and send operating system audit logs to CloudWatch Logs.

Update the EC2 security groups to only allow inbound TCP on port 22 to the IP addresses of the engineer's devices. Enable AWS Config for EC2 security group resource changes. Enable AWS Firewall Manager and apply a security group policy that automatically remediates changes to rules.

Create an IAM role with the AmazonSSMManagedInstanceCore managed policy attached. Attach the IAM role to all the EC2 instances. Remove all security group rules attached to the EC2 instances that allow inbound TCP on port 22. Have the engineers install the AWS Systems Manager Session Manager plugin for their devices and remotely access the instances by using the start-session API call from Systems Manager.

Question 142

A company needs to migrate a 2 TB MySQL database from an on-premises data center to an Amazon Aurora cluster. The database receives hundreds of updates every minute. The on-premises database server is not accessible through the internet.

The migration solution must ensure that no data is lost between the start of migration and cutover. The migration must begin as soon as possible and must minimize downtime.

Which solution will meet these requirements?

Options:

Create an AWS Site-to-Site VPN connection between the on-premises data center and the VPC that hosts the Aurora duster. Create a dump of the on-premises database by using mysqldump. Upload the dump to Amazon S3 by using multipart upload. Use an Amazon EC2 instance with appropriate permissions to import the dump to the Aurora cluster.

Create an AWS Site-to-Site VPN connection between the on-premises data center and the VPC that hosts the Aurora cluster. Specify the on-premises database as the source endpoint in AWS DMS. Specify the Aurora duster as the target endpoint. Configure a DMS task with ongoing replication.

Set up an AWS Direct Connect connection between the on-premises data center and the VPC that hosts the Aurora duster. Create a dump of the on-premises database by using mysqldump. Upload the dump to Amazon S3 by using multipart upload. Use an Amazon EC2 instance with appropriate permissions to import the dump to the Aurora cluster. Set up replication between the data center and the Aurora cluster.

Set up an AWS Direct Connect connection between the on-premises data center and the VPC that hosts the Aurora cluster. Specify the on-premises database as the source endpoint in AWS DMS. Specify the Aurora duster as the target endpoint Configure a DMS task with ongoing replication.

Question 143

A company uses AWS Organizations to manage a multi-account structure. The company has hundreds of AWS accounts and expects the number of accounts to increase. The company is building a new application that uses Docker images. The company will push the Docker images to Amazon Elastic Container Registry (Amazon ECR). Only accounts that are within the company's organization should have

access to the images.

The company has a CI/CD process that runs frequently. The company wants to retain all the tagged images. However, the company wants to retain only the five most recent untagged images.

Which solution will meet these requirements with the LEAST operational overhead?

Options:

Create a private repository in Amazon ECR. Create a permissions policy for the repository that allows only required ECR operations. Include a condition to allow the ECR operations if the value of the aws:PrincipalOrglD condition key is equal to the ID of the company's organization. Add a lifecycle rule to the ECR repository that deletes all untagged images over the count of five.

Create a public repository in Amazon ECR. Create an IAM role in the ECR account. Set permissions so that any account can assume the role if the value of the aws:PrincipalOrglD condition key is equal to the ID of the company's organization. Add a lifecycle rule to the ECR repository that deletes all untagged images over the count of five.

Create a private repository in Amazon ECR. Create a permissions policy for the repository that includes only required ECR operations. Include a condition to allow the ECR operations for all account IDs in the organization. Schedule a daily Amazon EventBridge rule to invoke an AWS Lambda function that deletes all untagged images over the count of five.

Create a public repository in Amazon ECR. Configure Amazon ECR to use an interface VPC endpoint with an endpoint policy that includes the required permissions for images that the company needs to pull. Include a condition to allow the ECR operations for all account IDs in the company's organization. Schedule a daily Amazon EventBridge rule to invoke an AWS Lambda function that deletes all untagged images over the count of five.

Question 144

A company is running a traditional web application on Amazon EC2 instances. The company needsto refactor the application as microservices that run on containers. Separate versions of the application exist in two distinct environments: production and testing. Load for the application is variable, but the minimum load and the maximum load are known. A solutions architect needs to design the updated application with a serverless architecture that minimizes operational complexity.

Which solution will meet these requirements MOST cost-effectively?

Options:

Upload the container images to AWS Lambda as functions. Configure a concurrency limit for the associated Lambda functions to handle the expected peak load. Configure two separate Lambda integrations within Amazon API Gateway: one for production and one for testing.

Upload the container images to Amazon Elastic Container Registry (Amazon ECR). Configure two auto scaled Amazon Elastic Container Service (Amazon ECS) clusters with the Fargate launch type to handle the expected load. Deploy tasks from the ECR images. Configure two separate Application Load Balancers to direct traffic to the ECS clusters.

Upload the container images to Amazon Elastic Container Registry (Amazon ECR). Configure two auto scaled Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service (Amazon EKS) clusters with the Fargate launch type to handle the expected load. Deploy tasks from the ECR images. Configure two separate Application Load Balancers to direct traffic to the EKS clusters.

Upload the container images to AWS Elastic Beanstalk. In Elastic Beanstalk, create separate environments and deployments for production and testing. Configure two separate Application Load Balancers to direct traffic to the Elastic Beanstalk deployments.

Question 145

A company runs an unauthenticated static website that includes a registration form for users. The website uses Amazon S3 for hosting and uses Amazon CloudFront as the content delivery network with AWS WAF configured. When the registration form is submitted, the website calls an Amazon API Gateway API endpoint that invokes an AWS Lambda function to process the payload and forward the payload to an external API call.

During testing, a solutions architect encounters a cross-origin resource sharing (CORS) error. The solutions architect confirms that the CloudFront distribution origin has the Access-Control-Allow-Origin header set

What should the solutions architect do to resolve the error?

Options:

Change the CORS configuration on the S3 bucket. Add rules for CORS to the Allowed Origin element forwww.example.com.

Enable the CORS setting in AWS WAF. Create a web ACL rule in which the Access-Control-Allow-Origin header is set towww.example.com.

Enable the CORS setting on the API Gateway API endpoint. Ensure that the API endpoint is configured to return all responses that have the Access-Control -Allow-Origin header set towww.example.com.

Enable the CORS setting on the Lambda function. Ensure that the return code of the function has the Access-Control-Allow-Origin header set towww.example.com.

Question 146

A company provides auction services for artwork and has users across North America and Europe. The company hosts its application in Amazon EC2 instances in the us-east-1 Region. Artists upload photos of their work as large-size, high-resolution image files from their mobile phones to a centralized Amazon S3 bucket created in the us-east-l Region. The users in Europe are reporting slow performance for their Image uploads.

How can a solutions architect improve the performance of the image upload process?

Options:

Redeploy the application to use S3 multipart uploads.

Create an Amazon CloudFront distribution and point to the application as a custom origin

Configure the buckets to use S3 Transfer Acceleration.

Create an Auto Scaling group for the EC2 instances and create a scaling policy.

Question 147

A company has a latency-sensitive trading platform that uses Amazon DynamoDB as a storage backend. The company configured the DynamoDB table to use on-demand capacity mode. A solutions architect needs to design a solution to improve the performance of the trading platform. The new solution must ensure high availability for the trading platform.

Which solution will meet these requirements with the LEAST latency?

Options:

Create a two-node DynamoDB Accelerator (DAX) cluster Configure an application to read and write data by using DAX.

Create a three-node DynamoDB Accelerator (DAX) cluster. Configure an application to read data by using DAX and to write data directly to the DynamoDB table.

Create a three-node DynamoDB Accelerator (DAX) cluster. Configure an application to read data directly from the DynamoDB table and to write data by using DAX.

Create a single-node DynamoD8 Accelerator (DAX) cluster. Configure an application to read data by using DAX and to write data directly to the DynamoD8 table.

Question 148

A company has several AWS Lambda functions written in Python. The functions are deployed with the .zip package deployment type. The functions use a Lambda layer that contains common libraries and packages in a .zip file. The Lambda .zip packages and the Lambda layer .zip file are stored in an Amazon S3 bucket.

The company must implement automatic scanning of the Lambda functions and the Lambda layer to identify CVEs. A subset of the Lambda functions must receive automated code scans to detect potential data leaks and other vulnerabilities. The code scans must occur only for selected Lambda functions, not all the Lambda functions.

Which combination of actions will meet these requirements? (Select THREE.)

Options:

Activate Amazon Inspector. Start automated CVE scans.

Activate Lambda standard scanning and Lambda code scanning in Amazon Inspector.

Enable Amazon GuardDuty. Enable the Lambda Protection feature in GuardDuty.

Enable scanning in the Monitor settings of the Lambda functions that need code scans.

Tag Lambda functions that do not need code scans. In the tag, include a key of InspectorCodeExclusion and a value of LambdaCodeScanning.

Use Amazon Inspector to scan the S3 bucket that contains the Lambda .zip packages and the Lambda layer .zip file for code scans.

Question 149

A company is using an organization in AWS organization to manage AWS accounts. For each new project the company creates a new linked account. After the creation of a new account, the root user signs in to the new account and creates a service request to increase the service quota for Amazon EC2 instances. A solutions architect needs to automate this process.

Which solution will meet these requirements with tie LEAST operational overhead?

Options:

Create an Amazon EventBridge rule to detect creation of a new account Send the event to an Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS) topic that invokes an AWS Lambda function. Configure the Lambda function to run the request-service-quota-increase command to request a service quota increase for EC2 instances.

Create a Service Quotas request template in the management account. Configure the desired service quota increases for EC2 instances.

Create an AWS Config rule in the management account to set the service quota for EC2 instances.

Create an Amazon EventBridge rule to detect creation of a new account. Send the event to an Amazon simple Notification service (Amazon SNS) topic that involves an AWS Lambda function. Configure the Lambda function to run the create-case command to request a service quota increase for EC2 instances.

Question 150

A financial services company sells its software-as-a-service (SaaS) platform for application compliance to large global banks. The SaaS platform runs on AWS and uses multiple AWS accounts that are managed in an organization in AWS Organizations. The SaaS platform uses many AWS resources globally.

For regulatory compliance, all API calls to AWS resources must be audited, tracked for changes, and stored in a durable and secure data store.

Which solution will meet these requirements with the LEAST operational overhead?

Options:

Create a new AWS CloudTrail trail. Use an existing Amazon S3 bucket in the organization's management account to store the logs. Deploy the trail to all AWS Regions. Enable MFA delete and encryption on the S3 bucket.

Create a new AWS CloudTrail trail in each member account of the organization. Create new Amazon S3 buckets to store the logs. Deploy the trail to all AWS Regions. Enable MFA delete and encryption on the S3 buckets.

Create a new AWS CloudTrail trail in the organization's management account. Create a new Amazon S3 bucket with versioning turned on to store the logs. Deploy the trail for all accounts in the organization. Enable MFA delete and encryption on the S3 bucket.

Create a new AWS CloudTrail trail in the organization's management account. Create a new Amazon S3 bucket to store the logs. Configure Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS) to send log-file delivery notifications to an external management system that will track the logs. Enable MFA delete and encryption on the S3 bucket.

Question 151

A company is using AWS to develop and manage its production web application. The application includes an Amazon API Gateway HTTP API that invokes an AWS Lambda function. The Lambda function processes and then stores data in a database.

The company wants to implement user authorization for the web application in an integrated way. The company already uses a third-party identity provider that issues OAuth tokens for the company's other applications.

Which solution will meet these requirements?

Options:

Integrate the company's third-party identity provider with API Gateway. Configure an API Gateway Lambda authorizer to validate tokens from the identity provider. Require the Lambda authorizer on all API routes. Update the web application to get tokens from the identity provider and include the tokens in the Authorization header when calling the API Gateway HTTP API.

Integrate the company's third-party identity provider with AWS Directory Service. Configure Directory Service as an API Gateway authorizer to validate tokens from the identity provider. Require the Directory Service authorizer on all API routes. Configure AWS IAM Identity Center as a SAML 2.0 identity provider. Configure the web application as a custom SAML 2.0 application.

Integrate the company's third-party identity provider with AWS IAM Identity Center. Configure API Gateway to use IAM Identity Center for zero-configuration authentication and authorization. Update the web application to retrieve AWS STS tokens from IAM Identity Center and include the tokens in the Authorization header when calling the API Gateway HTTP API.

Integrate the company's third-party identity provider with AWS IAM Identity Center. Configure IAM users with permissions to call the API Gateway HTTP API. Update the web application to extract request parameters from the IAM users and include the parameters in the Authorization header when calling the API Gateway HTTP API.

Question 152

A company needs to build a disaster recovery (DR) solution for its ecommerce website. The web application is hosted on a fleet of t3.Iarge Amazon EC2 instances and uses an Amazon RDS for MySQL DB instance. The EC2 instances are in an Auto Scaling group that extends across multiple Availability Zones.

In the event of a disaster, the web application must fail over to the secondary environment with an RPO of 30 seconds and an R TO of 10 minutes.

Which solution will meet these requirements MOST cost-effectively?

Options:

Use infrastructure as code (IaC) to provision the new infrastructure in the DR Region. Create a cross-Region read replica for the DB instance. Set up a backup plan in AWS Backup to create cross-Region backups for the EC2 instances and the DB instance. Create a cron expression to back up the EC2 instances and the DB instance every 30 seconds to the DR Region. Recover the EC2 instances from the latest EC2 backup. Use an Amazon Route 53 geoloc

Use infrastructure as code (laC) to provision the new infrastructure in the DR Region. Create a cross-Region read replica for the DB instance. Set up AWS Elastic Disaster Recovery tocontinuously replicate the EC2 instances to the DR Region. Run the EC2 instances at the minimum capacity in the DR Region Use an Amazon Route 53 failover routing policy to automatically fail over to the DR Region in the event of a disaster. Increase the desired

Set up a backup plan in AWS Backup to create cross-Region backups for the EC2 instances and the DB instance. Create a cron expression to back up the EC2 instances and the DB instance every 30 seconds to the DR Region. Use infrastructure as code (IaC) to provision the new infrastructure in the DR Region. Manually restore the backed-up data on new instances. Use an Amazon Route 53 simple routing policy to automatically fail over to the DR Reg

Use infrastructure as code (IaC) to provision the new infrastructure in the DR Region. Create an Amazon Aurora global database. Set up AWS Elastic Disaster Recovery to continuously replicate the EC2 instances to the DR Region. Run the Auto Scaling group of EC2 instances at full capacity in the DR Region. Use an Amazon Route 53 failover routing policy to automatically fail over to the DR Region in the event of a disaster.

Answer:

Explanation:

The company should use infrastructure as code (IaC) to provision the new infrastructure in the DR Region. The company should create a cross-Region read replica for the DB instance. The company should set up AWS Elastic Disaster Recovery to continuously replicate the EC2 instances to the DR Region. The company should run the EC2 instances at the minimum capacity in the DR Region. The company should use an Amazon Route 53 failover routing policy to automatically fail over to the DR Region in the event of a disaster. The company should increase the desired capacity of the Auto Scaling group. This solution will meet the requirements most cost-effectively because AWS Elastic Disaster Recovery (AWS DRS) is a service that minimizes downtime and data loss with fast, reliable recovery of on-premises and cloud-based applications using affordable storage, minimal compute, and point-in-time recovery. AWS DRS enables RPOs of seconds and RTOs of minutes1. AWS DRS continuously replicates data from the source servers to a staging area subnet in the DR Region, where it uses low-cost storage and minimal compute resources to maintain ongoing replication. In the event of a disaster, AWS DRS automatically converts the servers to boot and run natively on AWS and launches recovery instances on AWS within minutes2. By using AWS DRS, the company can save costs by removing idle recovery site resources and paying for the full disaster recovery site only when needed. By creating a cross-Region read replica for the DB instance, the company can have a standby copy of its primary database in a different AWS Region3. By using infrastructure as code (IaC), the company can provision the new infrastructure in the DR Region in an automated and consistent way4. By using an Amazon Route 53 failover routing policy, the company can route traffic to a resource that is healthy or to another resource when the first resource becomes unavailable.

The other options are not correct because:

Using AWS Backup to create cross-Region backups for the EC2 instances and the DB instance would not meet the RPO and RTO requirements. AWS Backup is a service that enables you to centralize and automate data protection across AWS services. You can use AWS Backup to back up your application data across AWS services in your account and across accounts. However, AWS Backup does not provide continuous replication or fast recovery; it creates backups at scheduled intervalsand requires manual restoration. Creating backups every 30 seconds would also incur high costs and network bandwidth.

Creating an Amazon API Gateway Data API service integration with Amazon Redshift would not help with disaster recovery. The Data API is a feature that enables you to query your Amazon Redshift cluster using HTTP requests, without needing a persistent connection or a SQL client. It is useful for building applications that interact with Amazon Redshift, but not for replicating or recovering data.

Creating an AWS Data Exchange datashare by connecting AWS Data Exchange to the Redshift cluster would not help with disaster recovery. AWS Data Exchange is a service that makes it easy for AWS customers to exchange data in the cloud. You can use AWS Data Exchange to subscribe to a diverse selection of third-party data products or offer your own data products to other AWS customers. A datashare is a feature that enables you to share live and secure access to your Amazon Redshift data across your accounts or with third parties without copying or moving the underlying data. It is useful for sharing query results and views with other users, but not for replicating or recovering data.

[References:, https://aws.amazon.com/disaster-recovery/, https://docs.aws.amazon.com/drs/latest/userguide/what-is-drs.html, https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonRDS/latest/UserGuide/USER_ReadRepl.html#USER_ReadRepl.XRgn, https://aws.amazon.com/cloudformation/, https://docs.aws.amazon.com/Route53/latest/DeveloperGuide/dns-failover.html, https://aws.amazon.com/backup/, https://docs.aws.amazon.com/redshift/latest/mgmt/data-api.html, https://aws.amazon.com/data-exchange/, https://docs.aws.amazon.com/redshift/latest/dg/datashare-overview.html, , , , , , ]

Question 153

A financial company is planning to migrate its web application from on premises to AWS. The company uses a third-party security tool to monitor the inbound traffic to the application. The company has used the security tool for the last 15 years, and the tool has no cloud solutions available from its vendor. The company's security team is concerned about how to integrate the security tool with AWS technology.

The company plans to deploy the application migration to AWS on Amazon EC2 instances. The EC2 instances will run in an Auto Scaling group in a dedicated VPC. The company needs to use the security tool to inspect all packets that come in and out of the VPC. This inspection must occur in real time and must not affect the application's performance. A solutions architect must design a target architecture on AWS that is highly available within an AWS Region.

Which combination of steps should the solutions architect take to meet these requirements? (Select TWO.)

Options:

Deploy the security tool on EC2 instances in a new Auto Scaling group in the existing VPC.

Deploy the web application behind a Network Load Balancer.

Deploy an Application Load Balancer in front of the security tool instances.

Provision a Gateway Load Balancer for each Availability Zone to redirect the traffic to the security tool.

Provision a transit gateway to facilitate communication between VPCs.

Question 154

A company has an application that runs as a ReplicaSet of multiple pods in an Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service (Amazon EKS) cluster. The EKS cluster has nodes in multiple Availability Zones. The application generates many small files that must be accessible across all running instances of the application. The company needs to back up the files and retain the backups for 1 year.

Which solution will meet these requirements while providing the FASTEST storage performance?

Options:

Create an Amazon Elastic File System (Amazon EFS) file system and a mount target for each subnet that contains nodes in the EKS cluster. Configure the ReplicaSet to mount the file system. Direct the application to store files in the file system. Configure AWS Backup to back up and retain copies of the data for 1 year.

Create an Amazon Elastic Block Store (Amazon EBS) volume. Enable the EBS Multi-Attach feature. Configure the ReplicaSet to mount the EBS volume. Direct the application to store files inthe EBS volume. Configure AWS Backup to back up and retain copies of the data for 1 year.

Create an Amazon S3 bucket. Configure the ReplicaSet to mount the S3 bucket. Direct the application to store files in the S3 bucket. Configure S3 Versioning to retain copies of the data. Configure an S3 Lifecycle policy to delete objects after 1 year.

Configure the ReplicaSet to use the storage available on each of the running application pods to store the files locally. Use a third-party tool to back up the EKS cluster for 1 year.

Question 155

A company runs a customer service center that accepts calls and automatically sends all customers a managed, interactive, two-way experience survey by text message.

The applications that support the customer service center run on machines that the company hosts in an on-premises data center. The hardware that the company uses is old, and the company is experiencing downtime with the system. The company wants to migrate the system to AWS to improve reliability.

Which solution will meet these requirements with the LEAST ongoing operational overhead?

Options:

Use Amazon Connect to replace the old call center hardware. Use Amazon Pinpoint to send text message surveys to customers.

Use Amazon Connect to replace the old call center hardware. Use Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS) to send text message surveys to customers.

Migrate the call center software to Amazon EC2 instances that are in an Auto Scaling group. Use the EC2 instances to send text message surveys to customers.

Use Amazon Pinpoint to replace the old call center hardware and to send text message surveys to customers.

Question 156

A company is migrating a legacy application from an on-premises data center to AWS. The application uses MongoDB as a key-value database According to the company's technical guidelines, all Amazon EC2 instances must be hosted in a private subnet without an internet connection. In addition, all connectivity between applications and databases must be encrypted. The database must be able to scale based on demand.

Which solution will meet these requirements?

Options:

Create new Amazon DocumentDB (with MongoDB compatibility) tables for the application with Provisioned IOPS volumes. Use the instance endpoint to connect to Amazon DocumentDB.

Create new Amazon DynamoDB tables for the application with on-demand capacity. Use a gateway VPC endpoint for DynamoDB to connect to the DynamoDB tables

Create new Amazon DynamoDB tables for the application with on-demand capacity. Use an interface VPC endpoint for DynamoDB to connect to the DynamoDB tables.

Create new Amazon DocumentDB (with MongoDB compatibility) tables for the application with Provisioned IOPS volumes Use the cluster endpoint to connect to Amazon DocumentDB

Question 157

A company is building an application that will run on an AWS Lambda function. Hundreds of customers will use the application. The company wants to give each customer a quota of requests for a specific time period. The quotas must match customer usage patterns. Some customers must receive a higher quota for a shorter time period.

Which solution will meet these requirements?

Options:

Create an Amazon API Gateway REST API with a proxy integration to invoke the Lambda function. For each customer, configure an API Gateway usage plan that includes an appropriate request quota. Create an API key from the usage plan for each user that the customer needs.

Create an Amazon API Gateway HTTP API with a proxy integration to invoke the Lambda function. For each customer, configure an API Gateway usage plan that includes an appropriate request quota. Configure route-level throttling for each usage plan. Create an API key from the usage plan for each user that the customer needs.

Create a Lambda function alias for each customer. Include a concurrency limit with an appropriate request quota. Create a Lambda function URL for each function alias. Share the Lambda function URL for each alias with therelevant customer.

Create an Application Load Balancer (ALB) in a VPC. Configure the Lambda function as a target for the ALB. Configure an AWS WAF web ACL for the ALB. For each customer, configure a rate-based rule that includes an appropriate request quota.

Question 158

A data analytics company has an Amazon Redshift cluster that consists of several reserved nodes. The cluster is experiencing unexpected bursts of usage because a team of employees is compiling a deep audit analysis report. The queries to generate the report are complex read queries and are CPU intensive.

Business requirements dictate that the cluster must be able to service read and write queries at all times. A solutions architect must devise a solution that accommodates the bursts of usage.

Which solution meets these requirements MOST cost-effectively?

Options:

Provision an Amazon EMR cluster. Offload the complex data processing tasks.

Deploy an AWS Lambda function to add capacity to the Amazon Redshift cluster by using a classic resize operation when the cluster's CPU metrics in Amazon CloudWatch reach 80%.

Deploy an AWS Lambda function to add capacity to the Amazon Redshift cluster by using an elastic resize operation when the cluster's CPU metrics in Amazon CloudWatch reach 80%.

Turn on the Concurrency Scaling feature for the Amazon Redshift cluster.

Question 159

An EC2-based ticketing service pulls a frequently updated pricing file (stored in S3) on startup. Sometimes EC2s have stale pricing, causing charge issues.

Options:

Lambda updates DynamoDB with new prices.

Lambda updates Amazon EFS.

Use Mountpoint for S3 to mount the pricing file to EC2.

Use Multi-Attach EBS volume for price file.

Question 160

A company has many services running in its on-premises data center. The data center is connected to AWS using AWS Direct Connect (DX)and an IPsec VPN. The service data is sensitive and connectivity cannot traverse the interne. The company wants to expand to a new market segment and begin offering Is services to other companies that are using AWS.

Which solution will meet these requirements?

Options:

Create a VPC Endpoint Service that accepts TCP traffic, host it behind a Network Load Balancer, and make the service available over DX.

Create a VPC Endpoint Service that accepts HTTP or HTTPS traffic, host it behind an Application Load Balancer, and make the service available over DX.

Attach an internet gateway to the VPC. and ensure that network access control and security group rules allow the relevant inbound and outbound traffic.

Attach a NAT gateway to the VPC. and ensue that network access control and security group rules allow the relevant inbound and outbound traffic.

Question 161

A company needs to implement a disaster recovery (DR) plan for a web application. The application runs in a single AWS Region.

The application uses microservices that run in containers. The containers are hosted on AWS Fargate in Amazon Elastic Container Service (Amazon ECS). The application has an Amazon RDS for MYSQL DB instance as its data layer and uses Amazon Route 53 for DNS resolution. An Amazon CloudWatch alarm invokes an

Amazon EventBridge rule if the application experiences a failure.

A solutions architect must design a DR solution to provide application recovery to a separate Region. The solution must minimize the time that is necessary to recover

from a failure.

Which solution will meet these requirements?

Options:

Set up a second ECS cluster and ECS service on Fargate in the separate Region. Create an AWS Lambda function to perform the following actions: take asnapshot of the ROS DB instance. copy the snapshot to the separate Region. create a new RDS DB instance frorn the snapshot, and update Route 53 toroute traffic to the second ECS cluster. Update the EventBridge rule to add a target that will invoke the Lambda function.

Create an AWS Lambda function that creates a second ECS cluster and ECS service in the separate Region. Configure the Lambda function to perform thefollowing actions: take a snapshot of thQRDS DB instance, copy the snapshot to the separate Region. create a new RDS DB instance from the snapshot.and update Route 53 to route traffic to the second ECS cluster. Update the EventBridge rule to add a target that will invoke the Lambda function.

Set up a second ECS cluster and ECS service on Fargate in the separate Region. Create a cross-Region read replica of the RDS DB instance in theseparate Region. Create an AWS Lambda function to prornote the read replica to the primary database. Configure the Lambda function to update Route 53to route traffic to the second ECS cluster. Update the EventBridge rule to add a target that will invoke the Lambda function.

Set up a second ECS cluster and ECS service on Fargate in the separate Region. Take a snapshot of the ROS DB instance. Convert the snapshot to anAmazon DynamoDB global table. Create an AWS Lambda function to update Route 53 to route traffic to the second ECS cluster Update the EventBridgerule to add a target that will invoke the Lambda function.

Question 162

A company wants to use AWS IAM Identity Center (AWS Single Sign-On) to manage employee access to AWS services. The company uses AWS Organizations to manage its AWS accounts.

Each employee has their own IAM user. Each IAM user is a member of at least one IAM group. Each IAM group has an attached policy that allows members to assume

specific roles across the accounts. The roles contain appropriate policies for the expected activities of each group of users in each account. All relevant accounts exist inside a single OU.

The company has already created new users and groups in IAM Identity Center to match the permissions that exist in IAM.

How should the company use IAM Identity Center to implement the existing permissions?

Options:

For each group, create policies in each account. Give the policies the same name in each account. Create a new permission set. Add the name of the newpolicies to the permission set. Assign user access to the AWS accounts in IAM Identity Center.

For each group, create a new permission set. Attach the relevant existing IAM roles in each account to the permission set. Create a new customer managedpolicy that allows the group to assume the roles. Assign user access to the AWS accounts in IAM Identity Center.

For each group, create a new permission set. Create policies in each account. Give each policy a unique name. Set the path of each policy to match thename of the permission set. Assign user access to the AWS accounts in IAM Identity Center.

Add the OU to the accounts configuration in IAM Identity Center. For each group, create policies in each account. Create a new permission set. Add the newpolicies to the permission set as customer managed policies. Attach each new policy to the correct account in the account configuration in IAM IdentityCenter.

Question 163

A health insurance company stores personally identifiable information (PII) in an Amazon S3 bucket. The company uses server-side encryption with S3 managed encryption keys (SSE-S3) to encrypt the objects. According to a new requirement, all current and future objects in the S3 bucket must be encrypted by keys that the company’s security team manages. The S3 bucket does not have versioning enabled.

Which solution will meet these requirements?

Options:

In the S3 bucket properties, change the default encryption to SSE-S3 with a customer managed key. Use the AWS CLI to re-upload all objects in the S3 bucket. Set an S3 bucket policy to deny unencrypted PutObject requests.

In the S3 bucket properties, change the default encryption to server-side encryption with AWS KMS managed encryption keys (SSE-KMS). Set an S3 bucket policy to deny unencrypted PutObject requests. Use the AWS CLI to re-upload all objects in the S3 bucket.

In the S3 bucket properties, change the default encryption to server-side encryption with AWS KMS managed encryption keys (SSE-KMS). Set an S3 bucket policy to automatically encrypt objects on GetObject and PutObject requests.

In the S3 bucket properties, change the default encryption to AES-256 with a customer managed key. Attach a policy to deny unencrypted PutObject requests to any entities that access the S3 bucket. Use the AWS CLI to re-upload all objects in the S3 bucket.

Question 164

A company runs a web application on a single Amazon EC2 instance. End users experience slow application performance during times of peak usage, when CPU utilization is consistently more than 95%.

A user data script installs required custom packages on the EC2 instance. The process of launchingthe instance takes several minutes.

The company is creating an Auto Scaling group that has mixed instance groups, varied CPUs, and a maximum capacity limit. The Auto Scaling group will use a launch template for various configuration options. The company needs to decrease application latency when new instances are launched during auto scaling.

Which solution will meet these requirements?

Options:

Use a predictive scaling policy. Use an instance maintenance policy to run the user data script. Set the default instance warmup time to 0 seconds.

Use a dynamic scaling policy. Use lifecycle hooks to run the user data script. Set the default instance warmup time to 0 seconds.

Use a predictive scaling policy. Enable warm pools for the Auto Scaling group. Use an instance maintenance policy to run the user data script.

Use a dynamic scaling policy. Enable warm pools for the Auto Scaling group. Use lifecycle hooks to run the user data script.

Question 165

A company is running a web application in a VPC. The web application runs on a group of Amazon EC2 instances behind an Application Load Balancer (ALB). The ALB is using AWS WAF.

An external customer needs to connect to the web application. The company must provide IP addresses to all external customers.

Which solution will meet these requirements with the LEAST operational overhead?

Options:

Replace the ALB with a Network Load Balancer (NLB). Assign an Elastic IP address to the NLB.

Allocate an Elastic IP address. Assign the Elastic IP address to the ALProvide the Elastic IP address to the customer.

Create an AWS Global Accelerator standard accelerator. Specify the ALB as the accelerator's endpoint. Provide the accelerator's IP addresses to the customer.

Configure an Amazon CloudFront distribution. Set the ALB as the origin. Ping the distribution's DNS name to determine the distribution's public IP address. Provide the IP address to the customer.

Question 166

A company needs to improve the reliability ticketing application. The application runs on an Amazon Elastic Container Service (Amazon ECS) cluster. The company uses Amazon CloudFront to servo the application. A single ECS service of the ECS cluster is the CloudFront distribution's origin.

The application allows only a specific number of active users to enter a ticket purchasing flow. These users are identified by an encrypted attribute in their JSON Web Token (JWT). All other users are redirected to a waiting room module until there is available capacity for purchasing.

The application is experiencing high loads. The waiting room modulo is working as designed, but load on the waiting room is disrupting the application's availability. This disruption is negatively affecting the application's ticket sale Transactions.

Which solution will provide the MOST reliability for ticket sale transactions during periods of high load? '

Options:

Create a separate service in the ECS cluster for the waiting room. Use a separate scaling configuration. Ensure that the ticketing service uses the JWT info-nation and appropriately forwards requests to the waring room service.

Move the application to an Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service (Amazon EKS) cluster. Split the wailing room module into a pod that is separate from the ticketing pod. Make the ticketing pod part of a StatefuISeL Ensure that the ticketing pod uses the JWT information and appropriately forwards requests to the waiting room pod.

Create a separate service in the ECS cluster for the waiting room. Use a separate scaling configuration. Create a CloudFront function That inspects the JWT information and appropriately forwards requests to the ticketing service or the waiting room service

Move the application to an Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service (Amazon EKS) cluster. Split the wailing room module into a pod that is separate from the ticketing pod. Use AWS App Mesh by provisioning the App Mesh controller for Kubermetes. Enable mTLS authentication and service-to-service authentication for communication between the ticketing pod and the waiting room pod. Ensure that the ticketing pod uses The JWT information and appropriatel

Question 167

A company collects air quality data from sensors. The company plans to use the MQTT protocol to send the data to AWS IoT Core. The company will process the data and then will store the data in an Amazon Aurora database.

During periods of low air quality, sensors will send data more frequently. The company must buffer the data during these periods to make sure that no data is lost before the data is processed and stored.

Which solution will meet these requirements?

Options:

Create an Amazon Kinesis data stream. Create an AWS IoT rule action and set the data stream as the target. Create an AWS Step Functions state machine that is invoked by the data stream. Use the state machine to process and store the data.

Create an Amazon Kinesis data stream. Create an AWS IoT rule action and set the data stream as the target. Create an application that runs on an Amazon ECS cluster with the AWS Fargate launch type. Configure the application to read data from the data stream, process the data, and store the data.

Create an Amazon SQS queue. Create an AWS IoT rule action and set the SQS queue as the target. Create an AWS Step Functions state machine that is invoked by the SQS queue. Use the state machine to process and store the data.

Create an Amazon SNS topic. Create an AWS IoT rule action and set the SNS topic as the target. Create an application that runs on an Amazon ECS cluster with the AWS Fargate launch type. Configure the application to read data from the SNS topic, process the data, and store the data.

Question 168

A company is migrating to the cloud. It wants to evaluate the configurations of virtual machines in its existing data center environment to ensure that it can size new Amazon EC2 instances accurately. The company wants to collect metrics, such as CPU. memory, and disk utilization, and it needs an inventory of what processes are running on each instance. The company would also like to monitor network connections to map communications between servers.

Which would enable the collection of this data MOST cost effectively?

Options:

Use AWS Application Discovery Service and deploy the data collection agent to each virtual machine in the data center.

Configure the Amazon CloudWatch agent on all servers within the local environment and publish metrics to Amazon CloudWatch Logs.

Use AWS Application Discovery Service and enable agentless discovery in the existing visualization environment.

Enable AWS Application Discovery Service in the AWS Management Console and configure the corporate firewall to allow scans over a VPN.

Question 169

A company has a multi-tier web application that runs on a fleet of Amazon EC2 instances behind an Application Load Balancer (ALB). The instances are in an Auto Scaling group. The ALB and the Auto Scaling group are replicated in a backup AWS Region. The minimum value and the maximum value for the Auto Scaling group are set to zero. An Amazon RDS Multi-AZ DB instance stores the application’s data. The DB instance has a read replica in the backup Region. The application presents an endpoint to end users by using an Amazon Route 53 record.

The company needs to reduce its RTO to less than 15 minutes by giving the application the ability to automatically fail over to the backup Region. The company does not have a large enough budget for an active-active strategy.

What should a solutions architect recommend to meet these requirements?

Options:

Reconfigure the application’s Route 53 record with a latency-based routing policy that load balances traffic between the two ALBs. Create an AWS Lambda function in the backup Region to promote the read replica and modify the Auto Scaling group values. Create an Amazon CloudWatch alarm that is based on the HTTPCode_Target_5XX_Count metric for the ALB in the primary Region. Configure the CloudWatch alarm to invoke the Lambda function.

Create an AWS Lambda function in the backup Region to promote the read replica and modify the Auto Scaling group values. Configure Route 53 with a health check that monitors the web application and sends an Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS) notification to the Lambda function when the health check status is unhealthy. Update the application’s Route 53 record with a failover policy that routes traffic to the ALB in the backup R

Configure the Auto Scaling group in the backup Region to have the same values as the Auto Scaling group in the primary Region. Reconfigure the application’s Route 53 record with a latency-based routing policy that load balances traffic between the two ALBs. Remove the read replica. Replace the read replica with a standalone RDS DB instance. Configure Cross-Region Replicationbetween the RDS DB instances by using snapshots and Amazon S3.

Configure an endpoint in AWS Global Accelerator with the two ALBs as equal weighted targets. Create an AWS Lambda function in the backup Region to promote the read replica and modify the Auto Scaling group values. Create an Amazon CloudWatch alarm that is based on the HTTPCode_Target_5XX_Count metric for the ALB in the primary Region. Configure the CloudWatch alarm to invoke the Lambda function.

Question 170

A company is currently in the design phase of an application that will need an RPO of less than 5 minutes and an RTO of less than 10 minutes. The solutions architecture team is forecasting that the database will store approximately 10 TB of data. As part of the design, they are looking for a database solution that will provide the company with the ability to fail over to a secondary Region.

Which solution will meet these business requirements at the LOWEST cost?

Options:

Deploy an Amazon Aurora DB cluster and take snapshots of the cluster every 5 minutes. Once a snapshot is complete, copy the snapshot to a secondary Region to serve as a backup in the event of a failure.

Deploy an Amazon RDS instance with a cross-Region read replica in a secondary Region. In the event of a failure, promote the read replica to become the primary.

Deploy an Amazon Aurora DB cluster in the primary Region and another in a secondary Region. Use AWS DMS to keep the secondary Region in sync.

Deploy an Amazon RDS instance with a read replica in the same Region. In the event of a failure, promote the read replica to become the primary.

Question 171

A company's CISO has asked a Solutions Architect to re-engineer the company's current CI/CD practices to make sure patch deployments to its applications can happen as quickly as possible with minimal downtime if vulnerabilities are discovered. The company must also be able to quickly roll back a change in case of errors.

The web application is deployed in a fleet of Amazon EC2 instances behind an Application Load Balancer. The company is currently using GitHub to host the application source code, and has configured an AWS CodeBuild project to build the application. The company also intends to use AWS CodePipeline to trigger builds from GitHub commits using the existing CodeBuild project.

What CI/CD configuration meets all of the requirements?

Options:

Configure CodePipeline with a deploy stage using AWS CodeDeploy configured for in-place deployment. Monitor the newly deployed code, and, if there are any issues, push another code update.

Configure CodePipeline with a deploy stage using AWS CodeDeploy configured for blue/green deployments. Monitor the newly deployed code, and, if there are any issues, trigger a manual rollback using CodeDeploy.

Configure CodePipeline with a deploy stage using AWS CloudFormation to create a pipeline for test and production stacks. Monitor the newly deployed code, and, if there are any issues, push another code update.

Configure the CodePipeline with a deploy stage using AWS OpsWorks and in-place deployments. Monitor the newly deployed code, and, if there are any issues, push another code update.

Question 172

A company is building a solution in the AWS Cloud. Thousands or devices will connect to the solution and send data. Each device needs to be able to send and receive data in real time over the MQTT protocol. Each device must authenticate by using a unique X.509 certificate.

Which solution will meet these requirements with the LEAST operational overhead?

Options:

Set up AWS loT Core. For each device, create a corresponding Amazon MQ queue and provision a certificate. Connect each device to Amazon MQ.

Create a Network Load Balancer (NLB) and configure it with an AWS Lambda authorizer. Run an MQTT broker on Amazon EC2 instances in an Auto Scaling group. Set the Auto Scaling group as the target for the NLB. Connect each device to the NLB.

Set up AWS loT Core. For each device, create a corresponding AWS loT thing and provision a certificate. Connect each device to AWS loT Core.

Set up an Amazon API Gateway HTTP API and a Network Load Balancer (NLB). Create integration between API Gateway and the NLB. Configure a mutual TLS certificate authorizer on the HTTP API. Run an MQTT broker on an Amazon EC2 instance that the NLB targets. Connect each device to the NLB.

Question 173

Question:

A company has an application that uses AWS Key Management Service (AWS KMS) to encrypt and decrypt data. The application stores data in an Amazon S3 bucket in an AWS Region. Company security policies require that the data is encryptedbeforebeing uploaded to S3, and decryptedwhen read. The S3 bucket isreplicated to other AWS Regions.

A solutions architect must design a solution so that the application canencrypt and decrypt data across Regionsusingthe same key.

Options:

Create a KMS multi-Region primary key. Use it to create KMS multi-Region replica keys in each Region. Update application code to use the replica key in each Region.

Create a new customer-managed KMS key in each additional Region. Update application code to use the key in each Region.

Use AWS Private CA to issue TLS certificates and replicate them with AWS RAM.

Export the KMS key material to Systems Manager Parameter Store in each Region. Update the app to use those.

Question 174

A company has more than 10.000 sensors that send data to an on-premises Apache Kafka server by using the Message Queuing Telemetry Transport (MQTT) protocol. The on-premises Kafka server transforms the data and then stores the results as objects in an Amazon S3 bucket.

Recently, the Kafka server crashed. The company lost sensor data while the server was being restored. A solutions architect must create a new design on AWS that is highly available and scalable to prevent a similar occurrence.

Which solution will meet these requirements?

Options:

Launch two Amazon EC2 instances to host the Kafka server in an active/standby configuration across two Availability Zones. Create a domain name in Amazon Route 53. Create a Route 53 failover policy. Route the sensors to send the data to the domain name.

Migrate the on-premises Kafka server to Amazon Managed Streaming for Apache Kafka (Amazon MSK). Create a Network Load Balancer (NLB) that points to the Amazon MSK broker Enable NL8 health checks. Route the sensors to send the data to the NLB.

Deploy AWS loT Core, and connect it to an Amazon Kinesis Data Firehose delivery stream. Use an AWS Lambda function to handle data transformation. Route the sensors to send the data to AWS loT Core.

Deploy AWS loT Core, and launch an Amazon EC2 instance to host the Kafka server. Configure AWS loT Core to send the data to the EC2 instance. Route the sensors to send the data to AWS loT Core.

Question 175

A global ecommerce company has many data centers worldwide. The company needs scalable cloud storage for legacy file applications. Requirements:

Must support iSCSI access from on-premises servers.

Must support point-in-time snapshots via AWS Backup.

Must retain low-latency access to frequently accessed data.Which solution will meet these requirements?

Options:

Provision an AWS Storage Gateway tape gateway with S3 and AWS Backup.

Use Amazon FSx File Gateway and S3 File Gateway. Use AWS Backup.

Provision an AWS Storage Gateway volume gateway in cache mode. Back up the volumes using AWS Backup.

Provision an AWS Storage Gateway file gateway in cache mode. Use AWS Backup.

Question 176

A company runs an ecommerce website on Amazon ECS behind an Application Load Balancer (ALB). The company stores the container images in Amazon ECR. The website stores data in an Amazon Aurora MySQL DB cluster. The company uses an Amazon S3 bucket to store backup data.

The company needs to prevent data tampering. The website domain is registered with Amazon Route 53. The company wants to recreate the setup in a second AWS Region with an RPO of 5 minutes and an RTO of 15 minutes. The company has created an ALB in the second Region.

Which solution will meet these requirements?

Options:

Create a new ECS deployment that uses the Fargate launch type. Use the ECR repository in the current Region to store and pull container images. Set up a cross-Region read replica in Amazon RDS. Create a backup vault in compliance mode and a backup plan in AWS Backup. Set up a Route 53 primary record in the main Region and a secondary record with a multivalue answer routing policy.

Create a new ECS deployment that uses the Fargate launch type. Use the ECR repository in the current Region to store and pull container images. Set up a cross-Region read replica in Amazon RDS. Set up a Route 53 primary record in the main Region and a secondary record with a failover routing policy.

Set up ECR cross-Region replication. Create a new ECS deployment that uses the Fargate launch type. Migrate the DB cluster to an Aurora global database. Create a backup vault in compliance mode and a backup plan in AWS Backup. Enable point-in-time recovery and cross-Region replication for Amazon S3. Set up a Route 53 primary record in the main Region and a secondaryrecord with a failover routing policy.

Set up ECR cross-Region replication. Create a new ECS deployment that uses the Fargate launch type. Migrate the DB cluster to an Aurora global database. Create a backup vault in governance mode and a backup plan in AWS Backup. Set up a Route 53 primary record in the main Region and a secondary record with a geolocation routing policy.

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