APMG-International ISO-IEC-27001-Foundation Dumps

Clause 6.1.3 (e) specifies:

“The organization shall obtain risk owners’ approval of the information security risk treatment plan and acceptance of the residual information security risks.”

This confirms that residual risks — those remaining after risk treatment — must be reviewed and formally accepted by the designated risk owner. Option A is incorrect; awareness training is not a default control for all residual risks. Option B misrepresents leadership responsibility; top management ensures processes exist, butrisk ownersformally approve residual risk. Option D (avoiding risk) is a treatment option, not the mandated requirement for residual risks.

Thus, the required response isC: Review and acceptance by the risk owner.

Clause 6.1.2 defines the mandatory elements of risk assessment. Under risk identification, the standard requires: “identifies the information security risks:1) apply the information security risk assessment process to identify risks…; and2) identify the risk owners.” By contrast, considering likelihood and determining levels of risk (options B and D) are part ofrisk analysis(6.1.2 d) “assess the realistic likelihood…”; “determine the levels of risk”), and prioritization for treatment (option C) is part ofrisk evaluation(6.1.2 e) “prioritize the analysed risks for risk treatment”). Therefore, the specific activity that belongs torisk identificationis toidentify the risk owners. This sequencing is prescribed to ensure each risk has a designated owner responsible for decisions on treatment and acceptance downstream.

Clause 4.1 specifies exactly what must be determined when establishing context: “The organization shall determine external and internal issues that are relevant to its purpose and that affect its ability to achieve the intended outcome(s) of its information security management system.” This requirement is about understanding internal and external issues (e.g., culture, capabilities, regulatory environment) that influence the ISMS’s effectiveness. Objectives (option B) are addressed later in Clause 6.2; processes (option C) are addressed in Clause 4.4 and operational planning; and “which clauses apply” (option D) is not a determination step—ISO/IEC 27001’s requirements in Clauses 4–10 are not optional. Therefore, the direct, required factor per 4.1 is determining internal (and external) issues relevant to the organization’s purpose and ISMS outcomes.

ISO/IEC 27013 provides specific guidance on theintegration of ISO/IEC 27001 (Information Security Management) and ISO/IEC 20000-1 (IT Service Management). It offers practical advice for organizations seeking a unified management system approach. While ISO/IEC 27003 (A) provides guidance on ISMS implementation, it does not address integration. ISO 9001 (C) is the Quality Management Standard and can be integrated, but the specific standard designed forintegrating 27001 with ITSMis ISO/IEC 27013.

Therefore, the correct answer isB: ISO/IEC 27013, as it is explicitly published for this purpose.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract ISO/IEC 27002:2022 standards:

Annex A.5.1 (Policies for information security) clearly specifies:

“Information security policy and topic-specific policies should be defined, approved by management, published, communicated to and acknowledged by relevant personnel and relevant interested parties…”

This means the communication obligation is not limited to top management (A) or only ISMS staff (B), nor does it stop at employees only (C). Instead, ISO/IEC 27001/27002 mandate a broader scope: allrelevant personnel and relevant interested partiesmust be informed. This ensures both internal stakeholders (employees, contractors, temporary staff) and external interested parties (suppliers, partners, regulators, customers, etc.) receive the right policy communications where applicable. Therefore, the correct and verified answer isD.

Clause 9.2.2 of ISO/IEC 27001:2022 specifies requirements for the internal audit programme. It requires organizations to:

“Plan, establish, implement and maintain an audit programme(s) including the frequency, methods, responsibilities, planning requirements and reporting, which shall take into consideration the importance of the processes concerned, changes affecting the organization, and the results of previous audits.”

This makes optionCcorrect, since importance of the processes is a required factor. Option A is incorrect because audits do not need third-party auditors; objectivity can be maintained internally if independence is respected. Option B is wrong because previous audit results must be considered, not disregarded. Option D is also incorrect — the standard does not specify a 3-year cycle; frequency depends on risks and needs.

Thus, the correct verified answer isC.

Clause 4.3 (Determining the scope of the ISMS) requires consideration of:

“the external and internal issues referred to in 4.1; the requirements referred to in 4.2; and interfaces and dependencies between activities performed by the organization, and those that are performed by other organizations.”

This confirms that dependencies between activities are a required factor when defining scope. Options B (quality levels), C (lessons learned), and D (regular activities for improvement) are not scope requirements, though they may be relevant in planning or improvement processes.

Thus, the verified answer is A: Dependencies between activities performed by the organization.

Clause 6.1.1 (Planning) states:

“The organization shall plan:

d) actions to address these risks and opportunities; and

e) how to:

integrate and implement the actions into its ISMS processes; and

evaluate the effectiveness of these actions.”

This confirms the missing words are“evaluate the effectiveness of”. Communication (A), applying resources (B), and improving effectiveness (C) are important concepts elsewhere but not the direct requirement stated in this clause.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract ISO/IEC 27000 standards:

According to ISO/IEC 27000:2018, Clause 3.74, athreatis defined as:

“Potential cause of an unwanted incident, which can result in harm to a system or organization.”

This definition directly matches option A.

Option B refers to an “information security incident” (ISO/IEC 27000:2018, Clause 3.32).

Option C describes a “vulnerability” (ISO/IEC 27000:2018, Clause 3.67).

Option D refers to “residual risk” (ISO/IEC 27000:2018, Clause 3.61).

The standard emphasizes that threats exploit vulnerabilities, causing incidents that can harm information confidentiality, integrity, and availability. Correctly identifying threats is critical for risk assessment (Clause 6.1.2). Thus, the correct definition per ISO/IEC 27000 isA.

Clause 4.4 of ISO/IEC 27001:2022 states:

“The organization shall establish, implement, maintain and continually improve an information security management system, including the processes needed and their interactions, in accordance with the requirements of this document.”

This requirement highlights that an ISMS is not static; it must evolve continuously to adapt to new risks, technologies, and business changes. Options A, C, and D are not mentioned in the clause. The continual improvement cycle is central to ISO standards, aligning with thePlan-Do-Check-Act (PDCA)model.

Thus, the missing words are“continually improve.”

ISO/IEC 27001 makes clear that the ISMS is intended to be tailored to the organization. The standard states: “This document also includes requirements for the assessment and treatment of information security risks tailored to the needs of the organization. The requirements set out in this document are generic and are intended to be applicable to all organizations regardless of type, size or nature.” This means implementation is scaled based on each organization’s risk, context, and needs, not a fixed one-size-fits-all set of activities or controls. Clause 6.1.3 further reinforces that control selection is flexible and risk-driven: “Organizations can design controls as required or identify them from any source,” and “Annex A contains a list of possible information security controls… The information security controls listed in Annex A are not exhaustive and additional information security controls can be included if needed.” Together, these extracts verify that the ISMS implementation is influenced by and scaled to the organization’s needs and selected controls, not separated from management processes (A, D) nor mandated to include “all controls” (B).

Clause 7.5 (Documented Information) specifies that organizations must maintain documentationnecessary for the effectiveness of the ISMS. Additionally, Clause 9.3 (Management Review) requires “records of decisions related to continual improvement opportunities” as an output of management review. This is a core requirement and forms part of the documented information that must be retained and controlled. Third-party materials (B), budgets (C), and cross-reference statements to other ISO standards (D) are not required by ISO/IEC 27001. Only documents that directly demonstrate compliance, decision-making, and continual improvement are mandated. Therefore, the verified minimum required documentation includesrecords of management review decisionsrelated to continual improvement, confirmingAnswer: A.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract ISO/IEC 27005 standards:

ISO/IEC 27005:2022 is titled:

“Information security, cybersecurity and privacy protection — Guidance on managing information security risks.”

This standard provides structured methodologies for identifying, analyzing, evaluating, and treating risks, in alignment with ISO/IEC 27001’s risk management requirements (Clause 6.1.2 and 6.1.3). It supports organizations in implementing the risk management process that underpins an ISMS. Options A and B are titles of other ISO standards (ISO/IEC 27007 for auditing, ISO/IEC 27001 for requirements). Option D refers to ISO/IEC 27002 (controls).

Thus, the correct answer isC: Guidance on managing information security risks.

Clause 10.2 (Continual Improvement) specifies that the organization must“continually improve the suitability, adequacy and effectiveness of the information security management system.”

This makes it clear that three attributes are explicitly required to be addressed:

Suitability: ensuring the ISMS continues to meet organizational needs in changing contexts.

Adequacy: ensuring the ISMS covers the necessary scope and provides sufficient control coverage.

Effectiveness: ensuring the ISMS achieves intended outcomes in protecting information security.

The word“importance”is not part of the continual improvement requirement. Importance is implicit in prioritization of risks and actions, but it is not a required continual improvement attribute in ISO/IEC 27001. Therefore, optionD: Importanceis the correct choice as it is not specified.

This distinction reinforces that continual improvement is not about subjective importance, but about systematic enhancement of the ISMS’ssuitability, adequacy, and effectiveness.

Annex A of ISO/IEC 27001:2022 is titled:

“Reference control objectives and controls.” It provides areference list of information security controls, structured into 4 themes: organizational, people, physical, and technological.

The standard explicitly states in Clause 6.1.3: “Organizations can design controls as required or identify them from any source. Annex A contains a list of possible information security controls.” This means controls in Annex A are not mandatory (eliminating option C). Risk acceptance criteria (A) are defined in Clause 6.1.2, not Annex A. Annex A also does not provide measures for treatment effectiveness (D).

Thus, Annex A is best described as areference list of information security controls. Correct answer:B.