Cisco 300-425 Dumps

In Cisco wireless networks, access points can be configured with failover priorities ranging from 1 to 4, with 1 being the highest priority and 4 being the lowest. An access point with priority 1 is considered critical and will be given preferential treatment in failover situations, ensuring that it reconnects to a backup controller before access points with lower priorities

To connect multiple wired devices over a workgroup bridge using an autonomous AP, a router is needed to manage the IP addresses and route traffic between the wired devices and the wireless network. The router will act as a gateway for the wired devices, allowing them to communicate with the WLAN. References: Cisco autonomous AP configuration guides and workgroup bridge deployment scenarios.

 To ensure that the most critical APs at remote sites remain functional in the event of a failure, the Global AP Failover Priority feature can be used. By setting the priority of the most important APs to “critical”, these APs will be given precedence over others during a failover scenario. This allows the engineer to prioritize which APs should remain online without impacting the main site’s APs, which are set to a “high” priority.

Quality of Service (QoS) is essential for prioritizing cloud services like email and real-time communication. It helps in managing bandwidth allocation and ensuring that critical applications receive the necessary resources for optimal performance.

 To optimize RF performance across different buildings and user densities: C. Configure AP groups for each area type - This allows for customized settings for APs serving different areas. D. Configure RF profiles for each area type - RF profiles enable the customization of RF parameters to suit the specific needs of each building or area type.

 Devices that can tolerate at most 100 ms of delay when roaming are typically voice devices. Voice applications are sensitive to delays, and ensuring a maximum of 100 ms delay is a common design criterion for a wireless network supporting voice services. References: Designing Cisco Enterprise Wireless Networks (ENWLSD 300-425)

For accurate location services, it is recommended that each location-ready AP hears at least four other APs at a signal level of -75 dBm or better. This ensures sufficient signal overlap and triangulation accuracy for reliable client location tracking. References: Cisco’s guidelines on wireless network design for location services.

Voice over wireless roaming is sensitive to delays and interruptions. Full reauthentication, as mentioned in option A, can cause noticeable gaps in a voice conversation because it requires time to re-establish security credentials. This process can interrupt the seamless experience expected in voice communications. Option E is also correct because roaming with only 802.1x authentication indeed requires full reauthentication, which can introduce significant delays affecting voice quality. References: For more detailed information, refer to the CCNP Enterprise Wireless Design ENWLSD 300-425 and Implementation ENWLSI 300-430 Official Cert Guide.

Optimized roaming is a feature that helps mitigate sticky client behavior by assessing the client’s signal strength and proactively disconnecting clients with a signal below a predefined threshold. This encourages clients to connect to a closer AP with a stronger signal, improving the overall wireless experience in high-density areas.

 For a pre-deployment site survey, it’s important to know the AP model to understand the capabilities and coverage pattern of the APs. Additionally, knowing the number of clients helps to design a network that can handle the expected client density.

The behavior of guest client sessions in the US being anchored to the WLCs in Europe despite the presence of a local anchor WLC can be explained by the failure and subsequent recovery of the US anchor WLC. During the failure, the guest sessions would have been transferred to the European WLCs. After recovery, if the priority settings were not correctly restored or if the system did not automatically revert back to the local anchor, the sessions would remain anchored to the European WLCs3.

 LAG-based redundancy is chosen for its ability to provide continuous connectivity as long as one port in the LAG is operational (B), utilize the full bandwidth capacity of all the links in the LAG (E), and allow for the grouping of ports into multiple LAGs for increased redundancy and bandwidth (F). References: CCNP Enterprise Wireless Design ENWLSD 300-425 and Implementation ENWLSI 300-430 Official Cert Guide.

The IEEE 802.11r protocol, also known as Fast BSS Transition (FT), is designed to support real-time applications by enabling faster roaming between APs. This protocol reduces the number of packets exchanged during the reauthentication process when a client moves from one AP to another, thus ensuring a more seamless transition and maintaining the quality of service required by real-time applications such as voice and video conferencing. References: Designing Cisco Enterprise Wireless Networks (ENWLSD 300-425)

 The issue described is indicative of a hidden node problem, where MAP-1 and MAP-3 cannot hear each other’s transmissions but can both communicate with RAP-2. This leads to frame collisions as both MAPs may attempt to transmit at the same time, unaware of the other’s actions. The design needs to address this by implementing mechanisms such as RTS/CTS or adjusting the placement of the APs to avoid this issue.

For wireless clients to use the 5 GHz band when Client Band Select is enabled, certain conditions must be met. Channel bonding should be enabled on the WLAN to allow for wider channels, providing higher throughput available in the 5 GHz band. The client must receive an RSSI above the minimum threshold set for Band Select to steer them towards the 5 GHz band. Additionally, the client device must be dual-band capable to connect to both 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz bands. Co-channel interference levels and UNII-2 extended channels being enabled offer additional benefits but are not requirements for Band Select functionality. Having 802.11a enabled on WLAN is necessary for any operation on the 5 GHz band but does not specifically relate to ensuring clients use this band under Band Select policies.

References := (CCNP Enterprise Wireless Design ENWLSD 300-425 and Implementation ENWLSI 300-430 Official Cert Guide Premium Edition and Practice)

 For mobility tunneling through a firewall in a Cisco wireless network environment, UDP port 16666 must be open along with IP Protocol number ‘97’, which is used for Encapsulating Security Payload (ESP) traffic typically found in IPsec tunnels. By ensuring these ports are mapped correctly through the firewall, R&D engineers can roam within their department while maintaining a secure mobility tunnel. References := (CCNP Enterprise Wireless Design ENWLSD 300-425 and Implementation ENWLSI 300-430 Official Cert Guide Premium Edition and Practice)

 When a data path mobility tunnel fails to come up, one of the troubleshooting steps is to check if the necessary ports are open and not being blocked by any firewalls in the path. Since the mobility tunnel uses CAPWAP, which operates on UDP ports 16666 (control path) and 16667 (data path), establishing a Telnet connection to the firewall on port 16666 can help determine if the control path is open and if there are any issues that need to be addressed3.

: Band Select is a feature on Cisco Wireless LAN Controllers (WLC) that encourages dual-band wireless clients to connect to the less congested 5 GHz band. This helps to balance the client load between 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz and improve overall network performance in high-density environments.

When identifying network requirements, it’s important to consider the number of wireless devices that will need access to ensure sufficient capacity and coverage. The business type can influence the types of applications and services that will be used, which in turn affects the network design.

 AP groups allow the engineer to apply different policies for APs in the auditorium versus those in the hallway. RRM (Radio Resource Management) can dynamically adjust the TX power and channel settings to optimize the wireless coverage and capacity.

An active ping survey is used to validate network performance by sending and receiving data packets to measure the end-to-end network performance, including latency, packet loss, and throughput. Ekahau site survey tools can perform active ping surveys to test the connectivity and performance of the wireless network, ensuring that it operates as expected and meets the required service levels.

References := Configuring Active Surveys – Ekahau Customer Support

 The protocol that needs to be allowed between the networks where the controllers are installed is IP Protocol 97, which is used for encapsulating IP within IP, often used in network mobility and IP tunneling.

 Cisco workgroup bridges typically support up to 8 wired clients. With 42 users, each having a computer and a VoIP phone, that’s a total of 84 devices. To connect all devices while keeping costs at a minimum, the company would need 6 APs (as 7 x 12 = 84), with each AP supporting 14 devices (7 computers and 7 VoIP phones).

So, each AP will have 25 clients. Minimum 4 APs are sufficient.

An SNR (Signal-to-Noise Ratio) less than 15 dB within the cell boundary during an AP-on-a-stick survey indicates that there is interference affecting the AP’s signal. This interference could be from another signal source that is reducing the quality of the connection, despite the signal strength being within the acceptable cell boundary of -67 dBm.

The data path issue between the Cisco Catalyst 9800-CL and AireOS 5520, despite an active control path, is likely due to encrypted mobility being enabled on the AireOS 5520. Encrypted mobility requires both peers to have a matching configuration for encryption, which includes proper certificates and shared secrets. If there’s a mismatch, the control path may be established, but the data path can fail due to the inability to establish an encrypted tunnel.

 Frequent disconnections may occur if the RSSI threshold set for optimized roaming is too high, causing clients to attempt roaming too late. Disabling optimized roaming and enabling 802.11v support allows for better client steering by the AP, as 802.11v includes the BSS Transition Management feature, which guides clients to a better AP based on the network’s conditions.

The Cisco 5520 WLC supports Link Aggregation (LAG), which allows multiple physical interfaces to be treated as a single logical channel. By connecting a second 10-GB interface and implementing LAG, the customer can increase the throughput capacity and provide redundancy without the need for a second controller. This approach also simplifies network design and management by reducing the number of IP addresses needed for the controllers and APs. References: Designing Cisco Enterprise Wireless Networks (ENWLSD) training and certification materials.

 In a Layer 1 passive wireless site survey, the chart that indicates the ratio of interference present during the duration of the capture in the 2.4 GHz spectrum is typically a Duty Cycle chart or an Interference chart. These charts display the percentage of time that energy, possibly from interfering sources, is present on a channel. The correct answer would show fluctuations in signal levels over time, highlighting periods where interference might be affecting the channel’s clarity.

The sticky client issue occurs when a wireless client device clings to a suboptimal access point instead of roaming to a better one with a stronger signal. Enabling Optimize Roaming on the Cisco 9800 Series Wireless Controller can alleviate this issue. This feature prompts clients to roam by disassociating them when their signal strength drops below a threshold, encouraging them to seek a better connection.

The voice readiness tool in Cisco Prime inspects the network against a dBm range that is suitable for voice over Wi-Fi. The range of -72 to -67 dBm is considered optimal for voice applications, ensuring clear audio quality and minimal packet loss.

For optimized roaming across multiple Wireless LAN Controllers (WLCs) with Cisco 8821 phones, configuring mobility groups between WLCs allows for seamless roaming and sharing of security contexts. Additionally, using Cisco Centralized Key Management (CCKM) for authentication reduces the time required for re-authentication during roaming, providing a more efficient transition between access points3

 Adjusting the RX-SOP (Receiver Start of Packet Detection Threshold) can help to control cell size by making APs less sensitive to low-level signals, thus requiring clients to be closer to the AP to connect, which can ensure they connect to the nearest AP with the highest data rates.

 The AP fallback feature is designed to allow access points to return to their primary controller after they have connected to a secondary controller due to a failure or connectivity issue with the primary. This setting ensures that once the primary controller is back online, the APs will recognize it and re-establish their connection as per the original network design. This feature is crucial for maintaining the intended controller hierarchy and ensuring seamless wireless network operation.

 For mobility between two buildings with one controller at each site, CAPWAP data and control traffic must be able to pass between controllers. CAPWAP control messages use UDP port 5246 while CAPWAP data messages use UDP port 5247; therefore, these ports must be open to allow inter-controller communication for seamless mobility. References := (CCNP Enterprise Wireless Design ENWLSD 300-425 and Implementation ENWLSI 300-430 Official Cert Guide Premium Edition and Practice)

The ‘eping’ command is used on Cisco Wireless LAN Controllers to verify that the redundancy peer in a Stateful Switchover (SSO) pair of controllers is up and connected. This command sends ECHO packets to the peer controller to ensure connectivity.

 Mobility tunnels between Cisco Wireless LAN Controllers (WLCs) use UDP port 16666 for control messages and UDP port 16667 for data traffic. If EPING is failing, it indicates that the necessary ports are not open. Allowing UDP port 16666 through the firewall would enable the control messages required for establishing the mobility tunnels.

For outdoor wireless networks, especially in open areas prone to harsh weather, it’s crucial to install lightning arrestors to protect against electrical surges caused by lightning strikes. Additionally, grounding the antenna cables helps dissipate any electrical charge that could damage the equipment.

 In a high-density environment where 5 GHz coverage is provided by nine APs, disabling the 2.4 GHz radios on some APs can reduce co-channel interference because the 2.4 GHz band has fewer non-overlapping channels. This approach helps maintain coverage while mitigating interference.

To minimize channel utilization and interference with existing tenant networks, it’s best to use the UNII-1 channels, which are typically less congested, and stick to 20-MHz channels to provide more non-overlapping channels and reduce co-channel interference.

By segmenting the VLAN into smaller subnets and assigning them by location, an engineer can use interface groups. This allows for efficient management of network resources and ensures that clients are connected to the closest subnet, reducing latency and improving performance.

For a technology company with multiple buildings requiring seamless wireless coverage, client roaming, and centralized data center with two WLCs (Wireless LAN Controllers) along with core switches, a centralized wireless architecture is most suitable. This architecture allows for easier management of the network from a central location. References := CCNP Enterprise Wireless Design ENWLSD 300-425 and Implementation ENWLSI 300-430 Official Cert Guide Premium Edition and Practice

 When performing a site survey of a large outdoor area, a site survey tool with a GPS module is ideal. The GPS module allows for precise location tracking, which is essential for mapping signal coverage over a large area. This tool can help complete the survey efficiently by automatically recording the location of signal measurements

The 5 GHz band is recommended for voice over wireless due to its wider channel bandwidths, allowing for higher data rates. Setting the cell boundary at -67 dBm ensures sufficient signal strength for reliable voice communication. References: CCNP Enterprise Wireless Design ENWLSD 300-425 Official Cert Guide.

For seamless roaming between access points, the protocol that supports fast transitions is 802.11r. This amendment to the 802.11 standard allows devices to roam quickly by establishing security credentials before moving to the next access point, reducing the time required for reauthentication.

For mobility tunnels to come up between WLCs, they need to be part of the same mobility group. If they are configured with different mobility groups, the mobility tunnels will not establish, preventing the WLCs from sharing client, AP, and security information.

To mitigate increased co-channel interference and retransmissions after adding an AP, Transmit Power Control (TPC) and Dynamic Channel Assignment (DCA) can be effective. TPC adjusts AP transmit power based on real-time analysis of the wireless environment, reducing interference by lowering power where necessary. DCA dynamically changes channel assignments based on current RF conditions to optimize performance and minimize interference.

 The Cisco 5520 WLC v8.3 requires a base license to use OfficeExtend AP functionality, which allows remote workers to have the same wireless connectivity as they would in an office environment.

The issue described indicates that there are more critical priority access points than the backup Cisco WLC can handle with its available licenses. Since there are only 10 licenses available and 7 access points are set to critical priority, not all of them can failover when the primary Cisco WLC is at full capacity. This oversubscription of critical priority access points prevents all of them from failing over as expected.

A centralized wireless architecture is suitable for a college with multiple buildings. It allows for centralized management of WLCs and supports seamless roaming for wireless clients across different APs and controllers.

When configuring high availability on an access point, a network engineer can configure a maximum of two controllers. One serves as the primary controller, and the other serves as the secondary controller.

To address the sticky client problem, setting an RSSI (Received Signal Strength Indicator) threshold can help. This configuration will prompt clients to roam to a better AP when their signal strength falls below the set threshold, thus enhancing the roaming experience and ensuring clients are connected to the AP with the strongest signal available.

The human body can attenuate a wireless signal by approximately 6 dB. This is due to the water content in the human body, which absorbs and reflects radio frequency signals, leading to a reduction in signal strength as it passes through or around a person. This factor is important to consider in wireless network design, especially in environments with high user density.

 Enabling control plane encryption on the wireless controller is crucial for establishing a secure mobility tunnel between the wireless controller and the anchor controller. Control plane encryption ensures that the signaling and management traffic traversing the mobility tunnel is encrypted, providing a secure channel for guest access authentication and authorization processes. This is particularly important when the anchor controller is deployed within a DMZ, as it is exposed to potential external threats. The Cisco Catalyst 9800 Series wireless controller supports control plane security features that can be leveraged to secure the mobility tunnel and ensure the integrity and confidentiality of the control traffic.

To focus the coverage heat map on the desired coverage, the engineer should use the RSSI slider to set the heat map to the desired cutoff filter. This action will adjust the display to show only the signal levels that meet or exceed the specified RSSI value, effectively filtering out weaker signals and highlighting areas with sufficient coverage. References: Designing Cisco Enterprise Wireless Networks (ENWLSD 300-425)

 When collapsing all controllers to a single cluster in a central location, one must consider the availability of channels across different regions. Regulatory domains vary globally, and certain channels allowed in Europe may not be available or legal in other parts of the world. This can affect the consistency of wireless coverage and performance.

For handheld mobile scanners processing credit card payments, security and seamless roaming are critical. The 802.11w standard, also known as Protected Management Frames (PMF), provides enhanced security that helps prevent disconnections and issues when roaming between access points. Incorporating 802.11w in the design ensures that the scanners maintain a secure and consistent connection while moving throughout the environment. References: CCNP Enterprise Wireless Design ENWLSD 300-425 and Implementation ENWLSI 300-430 Official Cert Guide Premium Edition and Practice

The Voice Readiness tool within Cisco Prime Infrastructure is designed to assess the wireless network’s ability to support voice services, including VoIP. It evaluates various factors such as signal strength, noise levels, and coverage to ensure that the wireless network can handle the quality of service requirements needed for voice communications.

 The decision to avoid installing APs directly in offices is likely due to transmit power considerations. Placing APs within offices could lead to excessive coverage for small areas, causing interference with other APs and reducing overall network performance. By placing them in common areas like corridors, engineers can ensure more uniform coverage across larger spaces while managing transmit power more effectively for optimal performance.

 For Stateful Switchover (SSO) to function correctly, the redundancy ports on both the primary and secondary controllers must be directly connected. This allows for the necessary state and configuration information to be synchronized between the two controllers, preventing the secondary controller from entering maintenance mode in the event of a failover.

 In a wireless design that requires bridging wired IP surveillance cameras through a mesh AP, the cameras should connect to the AP operating in Mesh AP mode (MAP). This mode allows the AP to function as part of a wireless mesh network, providing connectivity to wired devices like IP cameras in areas where it’s difficult to run Ethernet cables.

The mesh backhaul link uses Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) for encryption. AES is a robust encryption standard that is widely used in various security protocols, including WPA2 and WPA3, to provide a high level of security for wireless communications. It ensures that the data transmitted over the mesh backhaul link is protected against unauthorized access and eavesdropping.

When performing a Layer 1 survey using Metageek Chanalyzer, the Cisco CleanAIR AP should be configured in Monitor mode. This mode allows the AP to scan the environment for interference without serving clients.

 To ensure the anchored traffic remains up if a single WLC in the high-availability cluster fails, the mobility MAC address for the high-availability cluster should be configured. This allows the APs to recognize the cluster as a single entity, maintaining the CAPWAP tunnel to the anchor WLC in the DMZ even if one of the WLCs in the cluster fails.

In a mobility group design, it is essential that all Wireless LAN Controllers (WLCs) share the same mobility domain name to ensure seamless client mobility and roaming between WLCs. This allows for clients to be recognized across the network and maintain their sessions as they roam. Additionally, when WLCs are in a Stateful Switch Over (SSO) high availability pair, they must use the same virtual IP address to present a single network entity to the wireless clients, ensuring uninterrupted service in the event of a failover.

 To maintain the same VLAN and IP address for users roaming between APs attached to different WLCs, a mobility group should be created between WLC-A and WLC-B. This allows for inter-controller roaming, where client sessions are maintained across different controllers, ensuring that users can move across the campus without losing connectivity or changing IP addresses.

When conducting site surveys for WLAN upgrades to 802.11n, it’s important to consider AP locations that allow for easy access. This facilitates quick maintenance and upgrades, ensuring minimal downtime and disruption to the network. While aesthetics and power availability are also considerations, the primary focus should be on maintaining the network’s performance and reliability.

When using the Cisco Prime Infrastructure Planning Tool for deploying a Greenfield 802.11n network with data, voice, location awareness, and APs equipped with WSSI modules, selecting ‘Voice’ will ensure that the tool accounts for the additional bandwidth requirements of voice applications which have strict QoS requirements. Choosing ‘Location’ will allow the tool to consider the need for more precise location tracking capabilities which typically require additional APs for triangulation purposes. References := CCNP Enterprise Wireless Design ENWLSD 300-425 and Implementation ENWLSI 300-430 Official Cert Guide Premium Edition and Practice