CompTIA 220-1102 Dumps

Apple Remote Desktop is a remote access solution that allows a user to access and control another macOS computer from their Windows workstation. It provides a graphical user interface so that the analyst can easily access the server software running on the macOS server. Apple Remote Desktop also supports file transfers, so the analyst can easily transfer files between the two computers. Additionally, Apple Remote Desktop supports encryption, so data is secure during transmission.

The newly installed OS is x86. The x86 version of Windows 10 can only use up to 4GB of RAM. The x64 version of Windows 10 can use up to 2TB of RAM1.

A technician setting up a new laptop must ensure that users cannot install virtual machines as the company's security policy states  One way to prevent users from enabling virtual technology is by implementing Secure Boot. Secure Boot is a feature of UEFI firmware that ensures the system only boots using firmware that is trusted by the manufacturer. It verifies the signature of all bootloaders, operating systems, and drivers before running them, preventing any unauthorized modifications to the boot process. This will help prevent users from installing virtual machines on the laptop without authorization.

The user should verify that NFC is enabled on their phone. NFC is a technology that allows two devices to communicate with each other when they are in close proximity2.

NFC (Near Field Communication) technology allows a phone to wirelessly communicate with a payment terminal or other compatible device. In order to use NFC to make a payment or transfer information, the feature must be enabled on the phone. Therefore, the user should verify that NFC is enabled on their phone before attempting to make a payment with it. The other options, such as turning off airplane mode, connecting to Wi-Fi, or enabling Bluetooth, do not pertain to the NFC feature and are unlikely to resolve the issue. This information is covered in the Comptia A+ Core2 documents/guide under the Mobile Devices section.

Ransomware is a type of malware that encrypts the files on a system and demands a ransom for their decryption1. Ransomware can also spread to other systems on the network or exfiltrate sensitive data to the attackers2. Therefore, it is important to isolate the infected machine as soon as possible to contain the infection and prevent further damage3. Powering off the machine is a quick and effective way of disconnecting it from the network and stopping any malicious processes running on it12. The other options are not directly related to preventing ransomware damage or may not be effective. Running a full antivirus scan may not be able to detect or remove the ransomware, especially if it is a new or unknown variant1. Removing the LAN card may disconnect the machine from the network, but it may not stop any malicious processes running on it or any data encryption or exfiltration that has already occurred2. Installing a different endpoint solution may not be possible or helpful if the system is already infected and locked by ransomware1.

The best answer to control security settings on an Android phone in a domain environment is to use “Mobile Device Management (MDM)”. MDM is a type of software that is used to manage and secure mobile devices such as smartphones and tablets. MDM can be used to enforce security policies, configure settings, and remotely wipe data from devices. In a domain environment, MDM can be used to manage Android phones and enforce security policies such as password requirements, encryption, and remote wipe capabilities12

The error message indicates that the security certificate presented by the website has either expired or is not yet valid. This can happen if the computer's clock has the wrong date or time, as SSL/TLS certificates have a specific validity period. If the clock is off by too much, it may cause the certificate to fail to validate. Therefore, the technician should check the computer's date and time and ensure that they are correct.

Multifactor authentication (MFA) is a security measure that requires users to provide multiple pieces of evidence when logging in to an account or system. This can include a combination of something the user knows (e.g. a password or PIN), something the user has (e.g. a security token or smartphone) and something the user is (e.g. biometrics such as a fingerprint or face scan). By enabling MFA, the systems administrator can ensure that users are required to provide multiple pieces of evidence when logging in, making it more difficult for unauthorized users to gain access to the system. This can help reduce the number of help desk tickets submitted due to forgotten passwords.

The most basic version of Windows that includes BitLocker is Windows Pro. BitLocker is a feature of Windows Pro that provides full disk encryption for all data on a storage drive [1]. It helps protect data from unauthorized access or theft and can help secure data from malicious attacks. Pro for Workstations includes this feature, as well as other features such as support for up to 6 TB of RAM and ReFS.

The filesystem that is supported by both Macs and Windows PCs is D. exFAT. exFAT is a file system that is designed to be used on flash drives like USB sticks and SD cards. It is supported by both Macs and Windows PCs, and it can handle large files and volumes

The correct answers are E. Windows Defender and A. File Explorer. Windows Defender is a built-in antivirus program that can detect and remove malicious software from a workstation. File Explorer can be used to locate and delete files associated with the malicious software1

The workstations and the authentication server have a system clock difference. If a Group Policy setting is applied that forces the workstations to use a specific SNTP server, but the system clock on the workstations and the authentication server are out of sync, then this can cause authentication issues and users will be unable to log in. In this case, the most likely cause of the issue is a difference in system clocks and the technician should ensure that the clocks on the workstations and the authentication server are in sync.

Changing the network channel is the best solution to minimize the issue of employees and patients not being the only people on the Wi-Fi network5

The user can use the Task Scheduler (taskschd.msc) to schedule the browser to automatically launch a traffic website at 4:45 p.m. The Task Scheduler is a tool in Windows that allows users to schedule tasks to run automatically at specified times or in response to certain events.

EAP-TLS is a method of authentication that uses certificates to establish a secure tunnel between the client and the server3. The certificates have a validity period and must be renewed before they expire1. If the user has been on an extended leave and has not logged in to the computer in several months, it is possible that the certificate on the client or the server has expired and needs to be renewed2. The other options are not directly related to EAP-TLS authentication or 802.1X network access.

The Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard (PCI DSS) is a set of security standards designed to ensure that ALL companies that accept, process, store or transmit credit card information maintain a secure environment.

 .pkg and .dmg are files used to distribute and install applications on macOS. .pkg files are installer packages that may contain multiple files and executable code, while .dmg files are disk images that can contain a single bundled application or multiple applications. .app files are typically the main executable files for macOS applications. The other options listed are file extensions for applications or installers on other platforms (such as .deb for Debian-based Linux systems, .msi for Windows, and .apk for Android). This information is covered in the Comptia A+ Core2 documents/guide under the Mac OS section.

When a user reports that their workstation is behaving strangely after opening a suspicious email, the first step a technician should take is to run a virus scan on the computer. This is because opening a suspicious email is a common way for viruses and malware to infect a computer. Running a virus scan can help identify and remove any infections that may be causing the computer to behave strangely.

When a user experiences unexpected or erratic behavior while browsing the internet, it could be caused by the DNS servers. DNS translates human-readable domain names (like google.com) into IP addresses, which computers can use to communicate with web servers. If the DNS servers are not functioning correctly or have been compromised, it can result in the browser being redirected to unintended websites.

UPS > Surge protector = Computer, wifi router, cable modem

Surge protector = wallOutlet , printer and scanner

BitLocker is a disk encryption tool that can be used to encrypt the hard drive of a Windows laptop. This will protect the data stored on the drive in the event that the laptop is lost or stolen, and will help to reduce the risk of data loss. Additionally, BitLocker can be configured to require a PIN or other authentication in order to unlock the drive, providing an additional layer of security.

 The administrator can use Virtual Network Computing (VNC) to troubleshoot the server effectively. VNC is a graphical desktop sharing system that allows the administrator to remotely control the desktop of a Linux server. 

The BEST way to secure the workstation quickly when walking away is to use a key combination to lock the computer when leaving1

The OS utility used to change the color of the cursor in Windows is Ease of Access Center12

The user can change the cursor color by opening the Settings app, selecting Accessibility in the left sidebar, selecting Mouse pointer and touch under Vision, and choosing one of the cursor options. The user can select Custom to pick a color and use the Size slider to make the cursor larger or smaller12

The Ease of Access Center in the Windows OS provides accessibility options for users with disabilities or impairments. One of these options allows the user to change the color and size of the cursor, making it more visible and easier to locate on the screen. The Keyboard and Touchpad settings do not offer the option to change cursor color, and Display Settings are used to adjust the resolution and other properties of the display. Therefore, C is the best answer. This information is covered in the Comptia A+ Core2 documents/guide under the Accessibility section.

The user can use the following commands to give the technician the correct information: ipconfig /all and hostname 1. The ipconfig /all command displays the IP address, subnet mask, and default gateway for all adapters on the computer 1. The hostname command displays the name of the computer 1.

The strongest wireless configuration is B. WPA3. WPA3 is the most up-to-date wireless encryption protocol and is the most secure choice. It replaces PSK with SAE, a more secure way to do the initial key exchange. At the same time, the session key size of WPA3 increases to 128-bit in WPA3-Personal mode and 192-bit in WPA3-Enterprise, which makes the password harder to crack than the previous Wi-Fi security standards

End-of-life operating systems are those which have reached the end of their life cycle and are no longer supported by the software developer. This means that the operating system will no longer receive updates, security patches, or other new features. This can leave users vulnerable to security threats, as the system will no longer be protected against the latest threats. Additionally, this can make it difficult to migrate data to a newer operating system, as the old system is no longer supported.

The first step a technician should take when troubleshooting a computer with a suspected short in the power supply is B. Disconnect the power before servicing the PC. This is to prevent any electrical shock or damage to the components. A power supply can be dangerous even when unplugged, as capacitors can maintain a line voltage charge for a long time1. Therefore, it is important to disconnect the power cord and press the power button to discharge any residual power before opening the case2. The other steps are also important for safety and proper diagnosis, but they should be done after disconnecting the power.

educating the user on the solution that was performed is a good next step after resolving an issue. This can help prevent similar issues from happening again and empower users to solve problems on their own.

The CompTIA A+ Core 2 220-1002 exam covers this topic in the following domains: 1.2 Given a scenario, use appropriate resources to support users and 1.3 Explain the importance of security awareness.

The issue is specific to the user’s profile, so the technician should rebuild the profile. Rebuilding the profile will create a new profile and transfer the user’s data to the new profile1

Before making any changes to the system, it is important to assess the risks associated with the change and determine whether it is worth implementing. Risk analysis involves identifying potential risks, assessing their likelihood and impact, and determining what steps can be taken to mitigate them. It is important to perform this step before making any changes, as this allows the administrator to make an informed decision about whether or not the change should be implemented. Once the risks have been assessed and the administrator has decided to go ahead with the change, the next step is to implement the deployment.

Vishing, also known as voice phishing, is a type of social engineering attack where the attacker tricks the victim into divulging sensitive information over the phone. In this case, the attacker tricked the user into providing login credentials for a website.

The technician should use the File Explorer application to assist the user with hiding the file 1. The user can right-click the file and select Properties. In the Properties dialog box, select the Hidden check box, and then click OK 1.

change management process can help ensure that owners are notified of changes being made and can monitor them for performance impact (A). This can help prevent unexpected issues from arising.

The most likely reason the computer is unable to boot into the imaging system via the network is that the PXE boot option has not been enabled. PXE (Preboot Execution Environment) is an environment that allows computers to boot up over the network, instead of from a local disk. In order for this to work, the PXE boot option must be enabled in the computer's BIOS settings. As stated in the CompTIA A+ Core 2 exam objectives, technicians should know how to enable PXE in BIOS to enable network booting on a computer.

Comprehensive and Detailed In-Depth Explanation:

Passwords provide the highest level of security because they cannot be bypassed using biometric spoofing techniques.

A. Face – Can be fooled with 2D images (on some devices).

B. Swipe – Very weak security.

D. Fingerprint – More secure than face/swipe but can still be faked.

Badge readers are devices that scan employee or visitor credentials, logging entries and exits from restricted areas. Video surveillance (B) provides a visual record but does not directly control access. Bollards (A) and fences (D) provide physical security but cannot detect or record access events.

Detailed Explanation with Core 2 References:Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) monitor network traffic for malicious activities and alert administrators, helping to prevent malware infections before they can impact the network significantly. CompTIA Core 2 emphasizes the importance of implementing preventive measures like IDS to proactively detect and respond to potential threats (Core 2 Objective 2.3)​.

The Update Assistant tool is designed to perform an in-place upgrade to Windows 10 that preserves user applications, data, and settings while automating much of the upgrade process. A clean install (A) wipes all data and applications, which is more time-consuming and risky. The Windows Update tool (B) is typically for updating the current OS version, not a major version upgrade like Windows 7 to 10. The "Refresh this PC" option (C) reinstalls Windows but removes applications, so it doesn’t preserve apps. Core 2 operating system objectives identify the Update Assistant as the preferred method to minimize effort and preserve user data during major upgrades.

To reduce the risk of brute force attacks, implementing multifactor authentication (MFA) is one of the most effective controls. MFA requires additional verification beyond a password, drastically lowering the chance of unauthorized access. Additionally, enforcing account lockouts after a set number of failed login attempts (e.g., five) limits brute force attempts by temporarily disabling accounts when suspicious activity occurs. While limiting access to internal destinations and blocking foreign login attempts can help, they are less reliable and can impact legitimate access. Replacing the remote tool or purchasing a password manager does not directly address brute force risks. These mitigation techniques are fundamental security practices emphasized in CompTIA A+ Core 2 Security domain.

The appropriate method to prevent unauthorized access to sensitive data is to wipe the drives (Option C). Wiping ensures that all data is securely erased, preventing any possibility of recovery. This is essential when handling drives containing Personally Identifiable Information (PII).

Degaussing (Option A) erases data but is more commonly used for magnetic tapes.

Drilling through the drives (Option B) physically destroys the drives, which may not be necessary if they are being reused.

Reimaging (Option D) would overwrite the current data with new data but may not guarantee complete data destruction.

CompTIA A+ Core 2 References:

2.8 - Use common data destruction and disposal methods, including securely wiping drives​.

Comprehensive and Detailed In-Depth Explanation:

Device encryption ensures that even if someone gains physical access to the smartphone, they cannot access its contents without the encryption key.

A. Remote backups – Useful for data recovery but does not prevent unauthorized access.

B. Location tracking – Helps locate the device but does not protect its data.

C. PIN code screen lock – Adds security but is less effective than full encryption.

When a user reports that a new, personally owned tablet will not connect to the corporate Wi-Fi network, but other devices can connect, and the tablet is running the latest software, the most likely cause of the issue is a blocked MAC address. Here’s why:

MAC Filtering: Many corporate networks implement MAC address filtering as a security measure. This involves only allowing devices with specific MAC addresses to connect to the network. If the MAC address of the new tablet is not on the allowed list, it will be blocked from connecting.

Check Network Settings: To troubleshoot this, the network administrator can check the network's MAC filtering settings to see if the tablet's MAC address is blocked.

Add MAC Address: If the MAC address is blocked, adding the tablet's MAC address to the allowed list will resolve the issue.

Other options like incorrect encryption settings or outdated drivers are less likely because the user can connect with other devices and the tablet is running the latest software. Disabled location services do not affect Wi-Fi connectivity.

To import a new digital certificate and place it in the proper location, the technician should use the "Internet Options" utility in the Control Panel. This utility allows users to manage various settings related to internet connections and security, including the import and management of digital certificates under the "Content" tab.

B. Network and Sharing Center is used for managing network connections and sharing settings but not for managing digital certificates.

C. Credential Manager is used to store and manage login credentials for websites and applications but not for importing digital certificates.

D. Security and Maintenance provides an overview of the security and maintenance status of the system but does not directly handle digital certificate management.

To free up space for the upgrade, the technician should delete unnecessary files and uninstall unused desktop applications. These actions will clear storage, making room for the update. Additional memory would not solve a storage issue, and driver updates are not relevant to the storage space problem.

The user should configure extensions/add-ins. Since the issue involves a browser plug-in, checking if the extension or add-in is enabled or properly configured can resolve the issue. If the plug-in is disabled, the OTP prompt will not appear as expected.

XFS is a high-performance filesystem created by Silicon Graphics in 1994 and is commonly used by Linux operating systems. It supports large files and directories and is known for its robustness and scalability. Other filesystems like NTFS (Windows), APFS (macOS), and HFS (macOS) are used on different platforms.

A jailbroken iPhone (Option D) allows users to bypass Apple's restrictions to install unauthorized apps and modify system settings. This situation suggests the phone may have been compromised or tampered with, potentially voiding warranties and exposing the device to security vulnerabilities.

APK Source (Option A) refers to Android packages, not applicable to iPhones.

Connectivity issues (Option B) doesn't explain the comparison to an identical phone.

Developer Mode (Option C) is typically used for app development, not indicative of the situation.

CompTIA A+ Core 2 References:

2.7 - Explain mobile device security, including risks of jailbreaking

The next step after isolating the system is to perform a system scan to remove the malware (Option C). Since ransomware is suspected, running a comprehensive malware scan can help identify and remove the malicious software. It is crucial to deal with the active threat before taking further actions.

Scheduling an antivirus scan and system update (Option A) may help, but the immediate concern is identifying and removing the ransomware.

Educating the end user (Option B) is important but should happen after the immediate threat is resolved.

Creating a system restore point (Option D) would not be useful at this point since the system is infected.

CompTIA A+ Core 2 References:

2.3 - Detect, remove, and prevent malware, including handling ransomware​.

In the event of a security breach, documenting the incident is crucial for tracking, analysis, and resolution. The appropriate steps should ensure thorough documentation and communication:

Option A: Record the details in the ticketing system.Correct Answer. The ticketing system is the primary tool for IT support to track incidents. Recording the details in the ticketing system ensures that all relevant information is documented systematically, can be easily accessed, and tracked through the resolution process.

This aligns with best practices in incident documentation and support systems information management as outlined in the CompTIA A+ Core 2 (220-1102) Exam Objectives, Section 4.1​​.

Option B: Take screenshots and attach them to the root cause analysis.While screenshots can be useful, the first step should be to record the details in the ticketing system. Screenshots may be added later as supplementary information.

Option C: Discuss the incident with the company’s legal team.Involving the legal team is important for certain aspects of a security breach, but the initial step should still be to document the incident in the ticketing system.

Comprehensive and Detailed In-Depth Explanation:

The best practice is to add the user to the local Administrators group, allowing them to install software on their own machine without giving them excessive permissions across the entire network.

A. Make the user a member of Domain Admins – Incorrect. This would give too much control over the network, creating a major security risk.

C. Let the user use credentials from another user who has rights – Incorrect. Sharing credentials violates security best practices.

D. Give the user the local, high-privileged account password – Incorrect. This could allow unauthorized configuration changes.

The most likely solution to this issue is to enable cellular data. After a business trip, the user may have disabled cellular data to avoid roaming charges, or the phone may have been set to Wi-Fi only for internet access. Enabling cellular data would restore internet access outside of Wi-Fi networks.

Detailed Explanation with Core 2 References:Using a private browsing window can help resolve session conflicts by not relying on cached credentials, which might interfere with single sign-on processes. Core 2 objectives include troubleshooting authentication issues and resolving potential conflicts with single sign-on systems (Core 2 Objective 4.7)​.

The net use (Option D) command is used to manage network drives in Windows. It can be used to display and disconnect mapped network drives, making it the correct choice for removing unused network drives.

format (Option A) is used to format disks, not for managing network drives.

netstat (Option B) displays network connections but doesn't manage network drives.

diskpart (Option C) is used for disk partitioning, not network drive management.

rmdir (Option E) is used to remove directories, not network drives.

CompTIA A+ Core 2 References:

1.2 - Use the appropriate Microsoft command-line tool, including net use for managing network drives .

When a systems administrator needs to access a hypervisor and the default RDP port (3389) is blocked by company policy, the administrator can use an alternative method. One common alternative is using SSH:

Port 22: This is the default port for SSH (Secure Shell), which is commonly used for secure remote access to servers and hypervisors, especially in Unix/Linux environments.

Port 23: This is the default port for Telnet, which is an unsecured protocol and generally not recommended for remote access due to security concerns.

Port 80: This is the default port for HTTP, used for web traffic, not remote access.

Port 3090: This is not a standard port for remote access protocols.

Using SSH (port 22) is a secure and widely accepted method for remote management of servers and hypervisors.

The "Error loading operating system" message in Windows typically indicates a problem with the boot process. This could be due to corrupted system files, boot configuration data (BCD) errors, or issues with the hard drive.

Windows has a built-in automated startup recovery tool designed to diagnose and fix these types of problems. It attempts to automatically find and repair issues that are preventing Windows from starting correctly.

Here's why the other options are not the best first step:

A. Disable the Secure Boot feature: Secure Boot is a security feature that helps prevent malware from loading during startup. While it can sometimes cause issues with incompatible hardware or software, it's unlikely to be the primary cause of this error after a Windows upgrade.

C. Format the drive: Formatting the drive should be a last resort as it will erase all data on the hard drive.

D. Resize the boot partition: Resizing the boot partition is a complex task and not usually necessary to fix a boot error.

Troubleshooting Steps:

Use the automated startup recovery:

This is usually attempted automatically when Windows fails to boot.

If it doesn't start automatically, you might need to access the Advanced Startup Options menu (usually by repeatedly pressing F8 or Shift+F8 during startup).

If automated repair fails, try other options from the Advanced Startup Options menu:

System Restore: Restore the system to a point before the upgrade.

Startup Repair: This tool can fix more complex boot errors.

Command Prompt: Use the command prompt to run commands like bootrec /fixmbr, bootrec /fixboot, and bootrec /rebuildbcd to repair the boot configuration.

Avoiding personal interruptions (such as browsing social media) shows respect and attentiveness, which is critical in building trust during customer interactions. Actively listening and taking notes demonstrates that the technician values the customer's concerns and is committed to resolving issues. Following up (A) and clarifying statements (D) are good but not immediate communication techniques during the interaction. Providing documentation (C) and maintaining attire (F) are operational but less relevant to active listening. Core 2 operational procedures highlight active listening and avoidance of distractions as key customer service skills to improve technician-customer communication.

IoT (Internet of Things) devices are often considered a security concern due to their typically weak security protocols and the fact that many IoT manufacturers do not prioritize security when designing these devices. These devices often lack the capability to be regularly patched or updated, which leaves them vulnerable to exploitation by attackers. The multitude of IoT devices, such as smart thermostats, cameras, and even light bulbs, when connected to a network, can serve as entry points for cyberattacks if not secured properly. In contrast, NICs (Network Interface Cards), PoE (Power over Ethernet), and LC (a type of fiber optic connector) do not inherently pose the same level of security risk as IoT devices because they are more established technologies and typically have better security practices in place.

Detailed Explanation with Core 2 References:Incremental backups only save changes made since the last backup, significantly reducing storage space requirements compared to full backups. This approach is consistent with the Core 2 objective of understanding various backup methods and their space requirements (Core 2 Objective 4.3)​.

The correct answer is D. Run CHKDSK (Check Disk).

CHKDSK is a command-line utility that scans and repairs file system errors and bad sectors on a disk. Running this tool first can determine whether the hard drive is experiencing file system corruption or physical failure.

If CHKDSK reports bad sectors or extensive corruption, it indicates that the drive is failing, and data backup should be performed immediately before replacing the drive.

Syntax Example:

chkdsk /f /r

/f – Fixes file system errors.

/r – Locates bad sectors and recovers readable information.

Why Other Options Are Incorrect:

A. Perform a System Restore – System Restore can revert system settings, but it does not fix hardware issues like a failing hard drive.

B. Open Disk Cleanup – Disk Cleanup removes temporary files but does not diagnose or repair disk issues.

C. Replace the hard drive – While replacement may be necessary, a technician should first diagnose the issue using CHKDSK before determining if the drive needs to be replaced.

CompTIA A+ 220-1102 Exam Reference:

Objective 4.1 – Given a scenario, troubleshoot common problems related to storage and RAID.

Comprehensive and Detailed In-Depth Explanation:

In Windows, when a user changes the network type from private to public, network discovery and file sharing are disabled for security reasons. Public networks are treated as untrusted, and devices on the network are hidden from the user.

B. The Windows Firewall from on to off – Incorrect. Disabling the firewall does not block network visibility.

C. The UAC level to its highest level – Incorrect. User Account Control (UAC) settings control administrative privileges, not network visibility.

D. The file-sharing permissions – Incorrect. File-sharing permissions only affect access to shared folders, not network visibility.

The first step is to disconnect external storage (Option A). Sometimes, the system may be attempting to boot from an external drive or USB device instead of the internal hard drive. By removing the external storage, the system will attempt to boot from the correct drive.

Flashing the BIOS (Option B) is more complex and typically unnecessary for this issue.

Replacing the SATA cable (Option C) may help if there's a hardware issue, but it's not the first troubleshooting step.

Turning on the device in safe mode (Option D) would not work if no operating system is detected.

CompTIA A+ Core 2 References:

5.1 - Apply troubleshooting methodologies, including steps for resolving boot issues​​.

Comprehensive and Detailed In-Depth Explanation:

The sudo (SuperUser DO) command is used in Linux-based systems to execute administrative tasks, such as changing permissions or accessing root-level files and directories. When a technician needs to change file or user permissions, they often use chmod or chown with sudo to gain the required privileges.

Option B (chxod): This is a typo. The correct command is chmod, used to change file permissions.

Option C (xv): Not a valid command in Linux related to permissions.

Option D (pwd): Stands for “print working directory,” used to display the current directory, not manage permissions.

? Reference:

CompTIA A+ 220-1102 Exam Objective 1.4 – "Given a scenario, use features and tools of the Mac OS and Linux client/desktop operating systems."

Linux Command Reference: sudo, chmod, chown

The type of backup that should be completed FIRST after installing a new backup and recovery system is a full backup. This is because a full backup is a complete backup of all data and is the foundation for all other backups. After a full backup is completed, other types of backups, such as differential and incremental backups, can be performed.

The technician can close unnecessary applications and turn on autorotation to resolve these issues with minimal impact. Autorotation can help the device to switch between portrait and landscape modes automatically. Closing unnecessary applications can help to free up the device’s memory and reduce the device’s temperature1

The technician should escalate the ticket to ensure that the CEO’s device is returned as soon as possible1

The technician should use Disk Utility to resize a partition on the internal storage drive of a computer running macOS. Disk Utility is a built-in utility that allows users to manage disks, partitions, and volumes on a Mac. It can be used to resize, create, and delete partitions, as well as to format disks and volumes.

The technician should change the default administrative password FIRST to ensure the network equipment is secured against external threats on the Internet. Changing the default administrative password is a basic security measure that can help prevent unauthorized access to the network equipment. Locking all devices in a closet is a physical security measure that can help prevent theft or damage to the devices, but it does not address external threats on the Internet. Ensuring all devices are from the same manufacturer is not a security measure and does not address external threats on the Internet. Installing the latest operating system and patches is important for maintaining the security of the network equipment, but it is not the first action the technician should take1

The smartphone’s line was not provisioned with a data plan. The user is unable to use any internet-related functions on the smartphone when it is not connected to Wi-Fi because the smartphone’s line was not provisioned with a data plan. The user can send and receive text messages and phone calls when the smartphone is not connected to Wi-Fi because these functions do not require an internet connection1

"The user thought the company-provided antivirus software would prevent this issue."

The most likely steps to resolve the issue are to deploy an ad-blocking extension to the browser and perform a reset on the user’s web browser. Ad-blocking extensions can help to prevent pop-ups and other unwanted content from appearing in the browser, and resetting the browser can help to remove any malicious extensions or settings that may be causing the issue.

Resource Monitor is a Windows utility that can be used to monitor and analyze the system resources and processes running on a computer. It can be used to identify and troubleshoot any issues that might be causing the computer to run slowly, such as CPU usage, memory usage, disk I/O, and network usage.

The type of malware that is most likely to blame for a PC running more slowly than usual and having an extremely high GPU temperature is a “cryptominer”. Cryptominers are a type of malware that use the resources of a computer to mine cryptocurrency. This can cause the computer to run more slowly than usual and can cause the GPU temperature to rise. Spyware is a type of malware that is used to spy on a user’s activities, but it does not typically cause high GPU temperatures. Ransomware is a type of malware that encrypts a user’s files and demands payment to unlock them, but it does not typically cause high GPU temperatures. Boot sector viruses are a type of malware that infects the boot sector of a hard drive, but they do not typically cause high GPU temperatures12

To help secure the device against this threat in the future, the administrator should require a PIN on the unlock screen and block a third-party application installation. Requiring a PIN on the unlock screen can help to prevent unauthorized access to the device, while blocking third-party application installation can help to prevent malicious applications from being installed on the device.

The first step in troubleshooting is to check for any installed patches and roll them back one at a time until the issue is resolved. This can help to identify any patches that may be causing the issue and allow them to be removed.

The technician should not proceed with initiating a full scan and removal of the viruses using the presented interface or call the phone number displayed in the interface of the antivirus removal tool12

Shutting down the infected computer and swapping it with another computer is not necessary at this point12

The technician should not immediately assume that the message is legitimate or perform any actions without knowing what the interface is and what triggered it to pop up. It is important to investigate the issue further, including checking the legitimacy of the antivirus program and the message it is displaying.

The technician should quarantine the system first1

The user can enable speech recognition on a PC in the Ease of Access settings tool. To set up Speech Recognition on a Windows PC, the user should open Control Panel, click on Ease of Access, click on Speech Recognition, and click the Start Speech Recognition link. Language settings can be used to change the language of the speech recognition feature, but they will not enable the feature. System settings can be used to configure the hardware and software of the PC, but they will not enable the speech recognition feature. Personalization settings can be used to customize the appearance and behavior of the PC, but they will not enable the speech recognition feature1

Open up ease of access, click on speech, then there is an on and off button for speech recognition.

 This is because a PIN is a fast and secure method of logging in to laptops, and it is more secure than a password because it is not susceptible to keyloggers.

This is because WPA2 with AES is the most secure wireless network configuration that is available on a ten-year-old SOHO wireless router.

This is because remote wipe allows the data on the smartphone to be erased remotely, which helps to ensure that sensitive data does not fall into the wrong hands.

The encryption solution that the technician should choose when configuring a new Windows laptop and corporate policy requires that mobile devices make use of full disk encryption at all times is BitLocker. This is because BitLocker is a full-disk encryption feature that encrypts all data on a hard drive and is included with Window

To exclude an application folder from being cataloged by a Windows 10 search, the technician should use the Indexing Options utility1

4. Chrome OS. Retrieved from 5. What is Chrome OS? Retrieved from

A netbook with a web-based, proprietary operating system is most likely running Chrome OS. Chrome OS is a web-based operating system developed by Google that is designed to work with web applications and cloud storage. It is optimized for netbooks and other low-power devices and is designed to be fast, secure, and easy to use.

The technician should use dfrgui.exe to defragment the hard drive1

One of the most important environmental concerns inside a data center is the level of humidity. High levels of humidity can cause condensation, which can result in corrosion of components and other equipment. Low levels of humidity can cause static electricity to build up, potentially leading to electrostatic discharge (ESD) and damage to components. Therefore, it is crucial to maintain a relative humidity range of 40-60% in a data center to protect the equipment and ensure proper operation.

Ransomware is malicious software that encrypts files on a computer, making them inaccessible until a ransom is paid. In this case, the user was able to access the files before without issue, and no changes have been made within the company, so it is likely that the computer was infected with ransomware.

Default Apps should be used to ensure all PDF files open in Adobe Reader1

The technician should update the browser’s CRLs first. The error message indicates that the certificate revocation list (CRL) is not up to date. Updating the CRLs will ensure that the browser can verify the authenticity of the bank’s website.

First thing you want to do is quarantine/disconnect the affected system from the network so whatever malicious software doesn't spread.

Badge readers are used to implement secure physical access to a data center. They are used to read the identification information on an employee’s badge and grant access to the data center if the employee is authorized2.

 This system requires individuals to have an access badge that contains their identification information or a unique code that can be scanned by a reader. After the badge is scanned, the system compares the information on the badge with the authorized personnel database to authenticate if the individual has the required clearance to enter that area. The other options listed, such as a geofence, alarm system, or motion sensor are security measures that may be used in conjunction with badge readers, but do not provide identification and authentication features.

A firewall is a security system that monitors and controls incoming and outgoing network traffic based on predetermined security rules. In this scenario, the user is concerned about an installed application transmitting data in the background, so a firewall would be the best solution to address their concern. By installing and configuring a firewall, the user can block unauthorized connections to and from the device, and receive alerts whenever an application tries to access the internet.

Since there are no error messages on the device, the technician should check if the battery is sufficiently charged1

If the battery is low, the device may not have enough power to complete the update2

In this scenario, the technician has already determined that there are no error messages on the device. The next best step would be to check if the battery is sufficiently charged. If the battery is low, it could be preventing the device from completing the update process.

Verifying that third-party applications are disabled, determining if the device has adequate storage available, and confirming a strong internet connection are all important steps in troubleshooting issues with mobile devices. However, since the problem in this scenario is related to a failed OS update, it is important to first check the battery level before proceeding with further troubleshooting steps.

The best ways to limit the bank’s risk are to enable multifactor authentication for each support account and enforce account lockouts after five bad password attempts. Multifactor authentication adds an extra layer of security to the login process, making it more difficult for attackers to gain access to systems. Account lockouts after five bad password attempts can help to prevent brute force attacks by locking out accounts after a certain number of failed login attempts.

The account access level the user will need to access advanced features and configuration settings for several applications while adhering to corporate policy requiring a least privilege environment is a standard account. This is because a standard account allows the user to access advanced features and configuration settings for several applications while adhering to corporate policy requiring a least privilege environment1.

 Processes tab in Task Manager would contain the information a technician would use to identify the cause of this issue. The Processes tab in Task Manager displays all the processes running on the computer, including the CPU and memory usage of each process. The technician can use this tab to identify the process that is causing the hard drive activity light to remain lit and the performance degradation1

Account lockout would best mitigate the threat of a dictionary attack1

The command cac cor.ptia. txt was issued on a Linux terminal. This command would display the contents of the text comptia.txt.

An ESD strap, also known as an antistatic wrist strap, is a device that prevents electrostatic discharge (ESD) from damaging sensitive electronic components such as RAM. ESD is the sudden flow of electricity between two objects with different electrical charges, which can cause permanent damage or malfunction to electronic devices. An ESD strap connects the technician’s wrist to a grounded surface, such as a metal case or a mat, and equalizes the electrical potential between the technician and the device. Battery backup, thermal paste, and consistent power are not devices that can protect against ESD.

AutoRun is a feature of Windows that automatically executes a program or file when a removable media such as a USB drive is inserted into the computer. Disabling AutoRun can prevent a USB drive containing malicious software from covertly installing malware on a workstation, as it would require the user to manually open the drive and run the file. Restricting user permissions can also prevent a USB drive containing malicious software from covertly installing malware on a workstation, as it would limit the user’s ability to execute or install unauthorized programs or files. Installing a host-based IDS, restricting log-in times, enabling a BIOS password, updating the password complexity, and updating the antivirus definitions are not actions that can directly prevent this incident from happening again.

WPA2/AES (Wi-Fi Protected Access 2/Advanced Encryption Standard) is a wireless security standard that supports enterprise mode, which allows a user to use login credentials (username and password) to authenticate to available corporate SSIDs (service set identifiers). TACACS+ (Terminal Access Controller Access-Control System Plus) and Kerberos are network authentication protocols, but they are not wireless security features. Preshared key is another wireless security feature, but it does not use login credentials. Verified References:

Cryptomining malware is a type of malicious program that uses the CPU resources of a compromised server to generate cryptocurrency, such as Bitcoin or Ethereum. It can cause extremely high CPU utilization and network traffic to the IP address of the cryptocurrency service. Keylogger, ransomware and boot sector virus are other types of malware, but they do not cause the same symptoms as cryptomining malware. Verified References:

A restore point is a snapshot of the system settings and configuration at a specific point in time2. Creating a restore point before modifying the registry keys allows the technician to revert the system back to a previous state if something goes wrong or causes instability2. Updating the anti-malware software, running the PC in safe mode, and rolling back the system updates are not necessary steps before modifying the registry keys.

Explore

The correct answer is D. Internet Options. The Internet Options utility in Windows allows you to configure various settings related to your internet connection, including the proxy server settings. To access the Internet Options utility, you can either open the Control Panel and click on Internet Options, or open any web browser and click on the Tools menu and then on Internet Options. In the Internet Options window, go to the Connections tab and click on the LAN settings button. Here, you can enable or disable the use of a proxy server, as well as enter the address and port number of the proxy server you want to use12.

Security and Maintenance is a utility in Windows that allows you to view and manage the security and maintenance status of your computer, such as firewall, antivirus, backup, troubleshooting, and recovery settings. It does not have any option to configure proxy server settings.

Network and Sharing Center is a utility in Windows that allows you to view and manage your network connections, such as Wi-Fi, Ethernet, VPN, or dial-up. It also allows you to change network settings, such as network discovery, file and printer sharing, homegroup, and adapter settings. It does not have any option to configure proxy server settings.

Windows Defender Firewall is a utility in Windows that allows you to enable or disable the firewall protection for your computer, as well as configure firewall rules for inbound and outbound traffic. It does not have any option to configure proxy server settings.

Group Policy is a feature of Windows that allows administrators to centrally manage and apply policies and settings to computers and users on a domain3. Group Policy can be used to configure network drives, printers, security settings, desktop preferences, and other configurations for all users’ workstations3. Network and Sharing Center, net use, User Accounts, and regedit are not tools that can accomplish this task.

Disk Cleanup is a tool that can free up some space on a system drive that is nearly full. It can delete temporary files, cached files, recycle bin files, old system files and other unnecessary data. Resource Monitor is a tool that shows the network activity of each process on a Windows machine. Disk Defragment is a tool that optimizes the performance of a hard drive by rearranging the data into contiguous blocks. Disk Management is a tool that allows creating, formatting, resizing and deleting partitions on a hard drive. Verified References:

RDP stands for Remote Desktop Protocol and it is a protocol that allows a user to remotely access and control another computer over a network. A technician can use RDP to assist a user who is in a different building but on the same network by connecting to the user’s computer and viewing their screen, keyboard, and mouse. AAA, SSH, and VPN are not protocols that can be used to assist a user with a program feature.

The correct answer is D. Services. The print spooler is a service that manages the print queue and sends print jobs to the printer. To restart the print spooler, the salesperson can use the Services app, which allows them to stop and start the service. Alternatively, they can also use the Task Manager or the Command Prompt to restart the print spooler.

References and Explanation:

The Services app is a tool that displays all the services that are running on the computer. It can be accessed by typing services.msc in the Run window or by searching for Services in the Start menu. The Services app allows users to start, stop, restart, or configure any service, including the print spooler123.

The Task Manager is a tool that shows information about the processes, applications, and services that are running on the computer. It can be accessed by pressing Ctrl + Shift + Esc or by right-clicking on the taskbar and selecting Task Manager. The Task Manager allows users to start, stop, or restart any service by going to the Services tab and right-clicking on the service name12.

The Command Prompt is a tool that allows users to execute commands and perform tasks using text input. It can be accessed by typing cmd in the Run window or by searching for Command Prompt in the Start menu. The Command Prompt allows users to start, stop, or restart any service by using the net command with the service name. For example, to restart the print spooler, users can type net stop spooler and then net start spooler1.

The Control Panel is a tool that provides access to various settings and options for the computer. It can be accessed by typing control panel in the Run window or by searching for Control Panel in the Start menu. The Control Panel does not allow users to restart the print spooler directly, but it can be used to access other tools such as Devices and Printers, Troubleshooting, or Administrative Tools2.

The Processes tab is a part of the Task Manager that shows information about the processes that are running on the computer. It can be accessed by opening the Task Manager and selecting the Processes tab. The Processes tab does not allow users to restart the print spooler directly, but it can be used to end any process that is related to printing or causing problems with the print spooler2.

The Startup tab is a part of the Task Manager that shows information about the programs that run automatically when the computer starts. It can be accessed by opening the Task Manager and selecting the Startup tab. The Startup tab does not allow users to restart the print spooler directly, but it can be used to disable or enable any program that affects printing or interferes with the print spooler2.

Running an antivirus scan for malicious software is the first step that a support technician should do when a user reports a virus on a PC. The antivirus scan can detect and remove the virus, as well as prevent further damage or infection. Quarantining the host, investigating how the malware was installed and reimaging the computer are possible steps that can be done after running the antivirus scan, depending on the situation and the results of the scan. Verified References:

Booting into safe mode and performing a malware scan are the steps that a technician should perform when troubleshooting an issue with pop-up advertising messages on a PC. Safe mode is a diagnostic mode that starts the PC with minimal drivers and services, which can prevent the pop-up malware from running. Malware scan is a tool that can detect and remove the pop-up malware, as well as prevent further infection or damage. Investigating how the malware was installed, reinstalling the browser and restarting the machine are possible steps that can be done after booting into safe mode and performing a malware scan, depending on the situation and the results of the scan. Verified References:

DNS (domain name system) is a protocol that translates domain names to IP addresses. If the computer has an incorrect DNS address assigned, it will not be able to resolve the domain names of web-based applications and access them. A firewall, a VLAN (virtual local area network) and a browser cache are not the most likely reasons for the issue, since the computer can ping known IP addresses on the internet and receive a response. Verified References:

Creating a database is the most likely option to help the company gain a holistic view of asset cost. A database can store and organize information about the assets, such as purchase date, depreciation value, maintenance cost, warranty status, and replacement cost. Assigning users to assets, inventorying asset tags, and updating the procurement account owners are important steps for asset management, but they do not directly provide a holistic view of asset cost. References:

Official CompTIA learning resources CompTIA A+ Core 1 and Core 2, page 18

CompTIA A+ Complete Study Guide: Core 1 Exam 220-1101 and Core 2 Exam …, page 101

A secondary account and recovery code are used to reset the primary account and password on an iPhone after it has been locked due to failed login attempts. Fingerprint, pattern, facial recognition and PIN code are biometric or numeric methods that can be used to unlock an iPhone, but they are not helpful if the device has been permanently locked. Verified References:

A PIN code is a numeric password that protects a mobile device against unwanted access when it is left unattended. It requires the user to enter the correct code before unlocking the device. OS updates, antivirus software and BYOD policy are other security measures for mobile devices, but they do not prevent unauthorized access when the device is left unattended. Verified References:

APFS stands for Apple File System and it is the default filesystem type for macOS since High Sierra (10.13) version1. APFS is optimized for flash storage and supports features such as encryption, snapshots, cloning, and space sharing1.

The correct answer is A. Verify the DNS server settings. This is because the DNS server is responsible for resolving domain names to IP addresses, which is necessary for accessing the internet or named network resources. If the DNS server settings are incorrect or the DNS server is down, the technician will not be able to access these resources even if they have a valid IP address and can ping the default gateway1.

1: CompTIA A+ Certification Exam: Core 2 Objectives, page 16, section 1.10.

Redeeming the included activation key card for a product key is the correct way to apply a Windows 10 Pro license to a computer that has Windows 10 Home installed. The activation key card is a physical or digital card that contains a 25-digit code that can be used to activate Windows 10 Pro online or by phone. Copying the windows.lie file, inserting a Windows USB hardware dongle and activating with the digital license are not valid methods of applying a Windows 10 Pro license. Verified References:

Preserving chain of custody is a concept that refers to the documentation and tracking of who handled, accessed, modified, or transferred a piece of evidence, when, where, why, and how. Preserving chain of custody can help establish the authenticity, integrity, and reliability of the evidence, as well as prevent tampering, alteration, or loss of the evidence. An administrator who documented the movement of the evidence demonstrated the concept of preserving chain of custody. Implementing data protection policies, informing law enforcement, and creating a summary of the incident are not concepts that describe the action of documenting the movement of the evidence.

Clearing the cached file is an action that can help resolve the issue of not seeing the latest patch notes on a game vendor’s website. A cached file is a copy of a web page or file that is stored locally on the user’s browser or device for faster loading and offline access. However, sometimes a cached file may become outdated or corrupted and prevent the user from seeing the most recent or accurate version of a web page or file. Clearing the cached file can force the browser to download and display the latest version from the server instead of using the old copy from the cache. Synchronizing the browser data, enabling private browsing mode, and marking the site as trusted are not actions that can help resolve this issue.

 The best way to address the security and privacy concerns caused by a malware infection on a smartphone is to uninstall all recently installed applications and schedule an antivirus scan. Uninstalling the applications that may have introduced the malware can help remove the source of infection and prevent further damage. Scheduling an antivirus scan can help detect and remove any remaining traces of malware and restore the device’s functionality.

Personalization is a Windows 10 setting that allows a user to modify the desktop wallpaper, as well as other aspects of the appearance and behavior of the desktop, such as colors, themes, sounds, etc. Apps is a Windows 10 setting that allows a user to manage the installed applications and their features. Updates is a Windows 10 setting that allows a user to check for and install the latest updates for the OS and other components. Display is a Windows 10 setting that allows a user to adjust the screen resolution, brightness, orientation, etc. Verified References:

certmgr.msc is a tool that can be used to troubleshoot issues with PKI (public key infrastructure) on a Windows machine. It allows a system administrator to view, manage and import certificates, as well as check their validity, expiration and revocation status. msconfig.exe, lusrmgr.msc and perfmon.msc are other tools that can be used for different purposes on a Windows machine, but they are not related to PKI. Verified References:

Sandbox testing is a method of identifying potential issues with a proposed change prior to implementation. It involves creating a simulated or isolated environment that mimics the real system and applying the change to it. This can help to verify that the change works as expected and does not cause any errors or conflicts. Request form, rollback plan and end-user acceptance are other components of a change management process, but they do not involve identifying issues with a change. Verified References:

Browser plug-ins are software components that add functionality to a web browser, such as playing videos, displaying animations, etc. However, some browser plug-ins can also be malicious or compromised and cause unwanted pop-up advertising messages while browsing the internet. A malware scan may not be able to locate the source of the infection if it is hidden in a browser plug-in. Windows updates, DNS settings and certificate store are not likely sources of pop-up advertising messages. Verified References:

LAN is the most likely option to be impacted in this situation. LAN stands for Local Area Network, and it is a network that connects devices within a limited area, such as a building or a campus. Installing high-definition IP videoconferencing equipment in all classrooms would require a high bandwidth and reliable LAN infrastructure to support the video and audio transmission. The LAN would also need to be configured with proper security, quality of service, and multicast protocols to ensure the optimal performance of the videoconferencing system. SAN, GPU, and PAN are not directly related to this scenario. SAN stands for Storage Area Network, and it is a network that provides access to consolidated storage devices. GPU stands for Graphics Processing Unit, and it is a hardware component that handles graphics rendering and computation. PAN stands for Personal Area Network, and it is a network that connects devices within a short range, such as Bluetooth or infrared. References:

Official CompTIA learning resources CompTIA A+ Core 1 and Core 2, page 20

CompTIA A+ Complete Study Guide: Core 1 Exam 220-1101 and Core 2 Exam …, page 104

The correct answer is B. Printer Properties/Sharing tab. This is the location where the technician can enable printer sharing and assign a share name for the USB printer. This will allow other computers on the network to access the printer by using the share name or the IP address of the computer that has the printer attached1.

1: CompTIA A+ Certification Exam: Core 2 Objectives, page 15, section 1.9.

The correct answer is A. Amount of system RAM. A Type 2 hypervisor is a virtualization software that runs on top of a host operating system, which means it shares the system resources with the host OS and other applications. Therefore, increasing the amount of system RAM can improve the performance of the hypervisor and the virtual machines running on it. RAM is used to store data and instructions that are frequently accessed by the CPU, and having more RAM can reduce the need for swapping data to and from the storage device, which is slower than RAM.

NIC performance, storage IOPS, and dedicated GPU are not as relevant for improving the hypervisor’s performance in this scenario. NIC performance refers to the speed and quality of the network interface card, which is used to connect the computer to a network. Storage IOPS refers to the number of input/output operations per second that can be performed by the storage device, which is a measure of its speed and efficiency. Dedicated GPU refers to a separate graphics processing unit that can handle complex graphics tasks, such as gaming or video editing. These components may affect other aspects of the computer’s performance, but they are not directly related to the hypervisor’s ability to compile new source code.

Private-browsing mode is the best option to mitigate the risk of customer data being accidentally saved to the kiosk. Private-browsing mode prevents the browser from storing cookies, history, passwords, and other data that could reveal the customer’s identity or preferences. Manually clearing browsing data is not a reliable option, as it depends on the customer’s awareness and willingness to do so. Browser data synchronization and password manager are features that could actually increase the risk of customer data being exposed, as they could sync or autofill sensitive information across devices or accounts. References:

Official CompTIA learning resources CompTIA A+ Core 1 and Core 2, page 12

Certification Study Guides and Books | CompTIA IT Certifications, CompTIA A+ Core 1 220-1101 Certification Study Guide, page 234

RADIUS is the correct answer for this question. RADIUS stands for Remote Authentication Dial-In User Service, and it is a protocol that provides centralized authentication, authorization, and accounting for wireless networks. RADIUS can support certificate-based authentication, which allows users to log in to the network automatically without entering passwords. RADIUS also provides other benefits, such as enforcing security policies, logging user activities, and managing network access. AES, EAP-EKE, and MFA are not wireless solutions, but rather encryption algorithms, authentication methods, and security factors, respectively. References:

Official CompTIA learning resources CompTIA A+ Core 1 and Core 2, page 23

CompTIA A+ Core 1 (220-1101) and Core 2 (220-1102) Cert Guide, page 459

Terminal is an application that allows access to the command line in macOS. The command line is an interface that allows users to interact with the operating system and perform various tasks by typing commands and arguments. Terminal can be used to launch programs, manage files and folders, configure settings, troubleshoot issues, and run scripts in macOS. PsExec, command.com, and CMD are not applications that allow access to the command line in macOS.

FileVault is a macOS utility that uses AES-128 (Advanced Encryption Standard) to encrypt the startup disk of a Mac computer. It protects the data from unauthorized access if the computer is lost or stolen. fdisk and Diskpart are disk partitioning utilities for Linux and Windows, respectively. Disk Utility is another macOS utility that can perform disk management tasks, such as formatting, resizing, repairing, etc. Verified References:

A keylogger is a type of malware that captures user input, such as keystrokes, mouse clicks, and clipboard data, and sends it to a malicious actor. Keyloggers can be used to steal passwords, credit card numbers, personal information, and other sensitive data.

WPA3 (Wi-Fi Protected Access 3) is a wireless security method that supports the majority of current Wi-Fi-capable devices without sacrificing security. It is backward compatible with WPA2 devices and offers enhanced encryption and authentication features. MAC filtering is another wireless security method, but it can be easily bypassed by spoofing MAC addresses. RADIUS (Remote Authentication Dial-In User Service) and TACACS+ (Terminal Access Controller Access-Control System Plus) are network authentication protocols, but they are not wireless security methods by themselves. Verified References:

The best operations to do to resolve the issue of a long boot time at a minimal expense are B. Removing the applications from startup and D. Running the Disk Cleanup utility. These are two simple and effective ways to speed up your PC’s boot time without spending any money on hardware upgrades.

Removing the applications from startup means preventing unnecessary programs from launching automatically when you turn on your computer. This can reduce the load on your system resources and make the boot process faster. You can do this in Windows 10 by pressing Ctrl + Alt + Esc to open the Task Manager, and going to the Startup tab. There, you can see a list of programs that start with your computer, and their impact on the startup performance. You can disable any program that you don’t need by right-clicking on it and choosing Disable12.

Running the Disk Cleanup utility means deleting temporary files, system files, and other unnecessary data that may be taking up space and slowing down your computer. This can free up some disk space and improve the performance of your system. You can do this in Windows 10 by typing disk cleanup in the search box and selecting the Disk Cleanup app. There, you can choose which files you want to delete, such as Recycle Bin, Temporary Internet Files, Thumbnails, etc. You can also click on Clean up system files to delete more files, such as Windows Update Cleanup, Previous Windows installation(s), etc34.

The first mitigation step that a technician should take when a machine is suspected to contain ransomware is to quarantine the system. This means isolating the infected machine from the network and other devices, to prevent the ransomware from spreading and encrypting more data. The technician can quarantine the system by disconnecting the network cable, turning off the wireless adapter, or using firewall rules to block the traffic from and to the machine12.

This step is more important than the other options because:

Disabling System Restore (A) is not a priority, as it will not stop the ransomware from running or spreading. System Restore is a feature that allows users to restore their system to a previous state, but it may not work if the ransomware has encrypted or deleted the restore points. Moreover, disabling System Restore may prevent the user from recovering some data or settings in the future13.

Remediating the system (B) is the ultimate goal, but it cannot be done before quarantining the system. Remediating the system means removing the ransomware, restoring the data, and fixing the vulnerabilities that allowed the attack. However, this process requires careful analysis, planning, and execution, and it may not be possible if the ransomware is still active and communicating with the attackers. Therefore, the technician should first isolate the system and then proceed with the remediation steps12.

Educating the system user © is a preventive measure, but it is not a mitigation step. Educating the system user means raising awareness and providing training on how to avoid ransomware attacks, such as by recognizing phishing emails, avoiding suspicious links or attachments, and updating and patching the system regularly. However, this step will not help if the system is already infected, and it may not be effective if the user is not willing or able to follow the best practices. Therefore, the technician should focus on resolving the current incident and then educate the user as part of the recovery plan14.

A corporate EULA is a type of end-user license agreement that is designed for a large organization that needs to use proprietary software with vendor support for a multiuser environment. A corporate EULA typically grants the organization a volume license that allows it to install and use the software on multiple devices or servers, and to distribute the software to its employees or affiliates. A corporate EULA also usually provides the organization with technical support, maintenance, updates, and warranty from the software vendor, as well as some customization options and discounts. A corporate EULA may also include terms and conditions that specify the rights and obligations of both parties, such as confidentiality, liability, indemnification, termination, and dispute resolution12.

A corporate EULA is a better option than the other choices because:

A perpetual EULA (B) is a type of end-user license agreement that grants the user a permanent and irrevocable license to use the software, without any time limit or expiration date. However, a perpetual EULA does not necessarily include vendor support, updates, or warranty, and it may not allow the user to install the software on multiple devices or servers, or to distribute the software to other users. A perpetual EULA may also be more expensive than a corporate EULA, as it requires a one-time payment upfront, rather than a recurring subscription fee34.

An open-source EULA © is a type of end-user license agreement that grants the user a license to use, modify, and redistribute the software, which is publicly available and free of charge. However, an open-source EULA does not provide any vendor support, maintenance, updates, or warranty, and it may impose some restrictions or obligations on the user, such as disclosing the source code, attributing the original author, or using a compatible license for derivative works. An open-source EULA may not be suitable for a large organization that needs proprietary software with vendor support for a multiuser environment56.

A personal EULA (D) is a type of end-user license agreement that grants the user a license to use the software for personal, non-commercial purposes only. A personal EULA may limit the number of devices or servers that the user can install the software on, and prohibit the user from distributing, copying, or reselling the software to other users. A personal EULA may also provide limited or no vendor support, maintenance, updates, or warranty, and it may have a fixed or renewable term. A personal EULA may not meet the needs of a large organization that needs proprietary software with vendor support for a multiuser environment7 .

Access control vestibule is the correct answer for this question. An access control vestibule is a physical security device that consists of two doors that form an enclosed space between them. The first door opens only after verifying the identity of the person entering, such as by using a card reader, biometric scanner, or keypad. The second door opens only after the first door closes, creating a buffer zone that prevents unauthorized access or tailgating. An access control vestibule also maintains a record of events, such as who entered or exited, when, and how. Hard token, key fob, and door lock are not sufficient to meet the requirements of this question. A hard token is a device that generates a one-time password or code for authentication purposes. A key fob is a small device that can be attached to a key ring and used to unlock doors or start vehicles remotely. A door lock is a mechanism that secures a door from opening without a key or a code. References:

Official CompTIA learning resources CompTIA A+ Core 1 and Core 2, page 25

 Date and time is the most likely cause of the issue. The date and time settings on a workstation affect the validity of the certificates used by websites to establish secure connections. If the date and time are incorrect, the workstation may not recognize the certificate as valid and display an invalid certificate error. Other workstations on the same local network may not have this issue if their date and time are correct. User access control, UEFI boot mode, and log-on times are not likely causes of the issue. User access control is a feature that prevents unauthorized changes to the system by prompting for confirmation or credentials. UEFI boot mode is a firmware interface that controls the boot process of the workstation. Log-on times are settings that restrict when a user can log in to the workstation. None of these factors affect the validity of the certificates used by websites. References:

Official CompTIA learning resources CompTIA A+ Core 1 and Core 2, page 14

CompTIA A+ Core 1 (220-1101) and Core 2 (220-1102) Cert Guide, page 456

Windows is the operating system that typically requires the most computing resources from the host computer, compared to the other options. Computing resources include hardware components such as CPU, RAM, disk space, graphics card, and network adapter. The minimum system requirements for an operating system indicate the minimum amount of computing resources needed to install and run the operating system on a computer. The higher the minimum system requirements, the more computing resources the operating system consumes.

According to the web search results, the minimum system requirements for Windows 10 and Windows 11 are as follows12:

CPU: 1 GHz or faster with two or more cores (Windows 10); 1 GHz or faster with two or more cores on a compatible 64-bit processor (Windows 11)

RAM: 1 GB for 32-bit or 2 GB for 64-bit (Windows 10); 4 GB (Windows 11)

Disk space: 16 GB for 32-bit or 32 GB for 64-bit (Windows 10); 64 GB (Windows 11)

Graphics card: DirectX 9 or later with WDDM 1.0 driver (Windows 10); DirectX 12 compatible with WDDM 2.0 driver (Windows 11)

Network adapter: Ethernet or Wi-Fi (Windows 10); Ethernet or Wi-Fi that supports 5 GHz (Windows 11)

The minimum system requirements for macOS Ventura are as follows:

CPU: Intel Core i3 or higher, or Apple M1 chip

RAM: 4 GB

Disk space: 35.5 GB

Graphics card: Metal-capable

Network adapter: Ethernet or Wi-Fi

The minimum system requirements for Chrome OS are as follows:

CPU: Intel Celeron or higher

RAM: 2 GB

Disk space: 16 GB

Graphics card: Integrated

Network adapter: Ethernet or Wi-Fi

The minimum system requirements for Android are as follows:

CPU: 1 GHz or higher

RAM: 512 MB

Disk space: 8 GB

Graphics card: OpenGL ES 2.0

Network adapter: Ethernet or Wi-Fi

The minimum system requirements for Linux vary depending on the distribution, but a common example is Ubuntu, which has the following minimum system requirements:

CPU: 2 GHz dual core processor or better

RAM: 4 GB

Disk space: 25 GB

Graphics card: 1024 x 768 screen resolution

Network adapter: Ethernet or Wi-Fi

Based on the comparison of the minimum system requirements, Windows has the highest requirements for CPU, RAM, disk space, and graphics card, while Chrome OS and Android have the lowest requirements. macOS and Linux have moderate requirements, depending on the hardware and software configuration. Therefore, Windows is the operating system that typically requires the most computing resources from the host computer.

The error message indicates that the website’s security certificate is not trusted by the user’s device, which may prevent the user from accessing the secure internal network. To resolve this issue, the user can view the certificate details and install it on the device, which will add it to the trusted root certificate store. Reimaging the system and installing SSL, installing Trusted Root Certificate, or continuing to access the website are not recommended solutions, as they may compromise the security of the device or the network.

RDP stands for Remote Desktop Protocol, which is a proprietary protocol developed by Microsoft that allows a user to remotely access and control another computer over a network. RDP provides a secure session that encrypts the data between the client and the host, and allows the user to see and interact with the desktop and applications of the remote computer as if they were sitting in front of it. RDP also supports features such as audio, video, clipboard, printer, and file sharing, as well as multiple monitor support and session recording. To use RDP, the host computer must have Remote Desktop enabled and configured, and the client computer must have a Remote Desktop client software installed. The client can connect to the host by entering its IP address, hostname, or domain name, and providing the login credentials of a user account on the host. RDP is commonly used for remote administration, technical support, and remote work scenarios

Ease of Access is a utility in the Control Panel that allows users to adjust various accessibility settings on Windows, such as the on-screen keyboard, magnifier, narrator, high contrast, etc. The on-screen keyboard can be turned on by going to Ease of Access > Keyboard and toggling the switch to On12. Alternatively, the on-screen keyboard can be opened by pressing Windows + Ctrl + O keys or by typing osk.exe in the Run dialog box3.

When dealing with a suspected virus infection on an air-gapped computer, after an initial scan with Windows Defender shows no infection, the next steps should include examining the event logs to look for suspicious activity and updating the virus definitions for a more thorough scan. Event logs can provide insights into system changes and potential malicious activities, while updated definitions ensure the antivirus software can detect the latest threats. Connecting to the network or enabling the firewall might not be appropriate due to the risk of spreading the infection, and re-imaging the computer or documenting the findings would be subsequent steps if the initial actions don't resolve the issue.References: Official CompTIA A+ Core 1 and Core 2 Student Guide​​​​.

The most likely causes of the user’s Windows computer performance degradation and freezing are insufficient RAM and excessive software running in the background. Therefore, the technician should do the following to resolve the issue:

Increase the RAM. RAM is the memory that the computer uses to store and run applications and processes. If the RAM is not enough to handle the workload, the computer will use the hard drive as a virtual memory, which is much slower and can cause performance issues. Increasing the RAM will allow the computer to run more applications and processes smoothly and avoid freezing. The technician should check the system requirements of the applications that the user needs to run, and install additional RAM modules that are compatible with the motherboard and the existing RAM. The technician should also make sure that the system is managing the page file size automatically, or adjust it manually to optimize the virtual memory usage12.

Uninstall unnecessary software. Software that the user does not need or use can take up valuable disk space and system resources, and can interfere with the performance of other applications. Some software may also run in the background or start automatically when the computer boots up, which can slow down the system and cause freezing. The technician should help the user to identify and uninstall unnecessary software from the control panel or the settings app, and disable unnecessary startup programs from the task manager or the system configuration tool. The technician should also check for and remove viruses and malware that may affect the system performance134.

NTFS stands for New Technology File System, which is a proprietary file system developed by Microsoft4. NTFS is the default file system for the Windows NT family of operating systems, which includes Windows 10, Windows Server 2019, and other versions5. NTFS provides features such as security, encryption, compression, journaling, and large volume support45. NTFS is not the native file system for other operating systems, such as macOS, Linux, or Android, although some of them can read or write to NTFS volumes with third-party drivers or tools

The best tool to use to assist the user with viewing the email is RMM, which stands for remote monitoring and management. This is a software that allows the technician to remotely access, monitor, and manage the user’s computer and applications. The technician can use RMM to view the user’s screen, control the mouse and keyboard, and troubleshoot the email issue. The other tools are not suitable for this task. VNC is a software that allows remote desktop sharing, but it requires the user to install and configure it on their computer, which may not be feasible or convenient. SSH is a protocol that allows secure remote access to a command-line interface, but it is not useful for viewing graphical applications such as email. VPN is a technology that creates a secure and encrypted connection over a public network, but it does not provide remote access or control of the user’s computer.

Quarantining the infected system is the most appropriate way to remediate the issue of an infection that the antivirus software cannot remove. Quarantining means isolating the system from the network and other devices to prevent the infection from spreading or causing further damage. Quarantining also allows the technician to perform further analysis and removal of the infection without risking the security of other systems or data.

Some of the steps involved in quarantining an infected system are:

Disconnect the system from the internet and any local network connections, such as Wi-Fi, Ethernet, Bluetooth, or USB.

Disable any file-sharing or remote access services on the system, such as Windows File Sharing, Remote Desktop, or TeamViewer.

Use a separate device to download and update the antivirus software and any other tools that may be needed to remove the infection, such as malware scanners, rootkit removers, or bootable rescue disks.

Transfer the updated antivirus software and tools to the infected system using a removable media, such as a CD, DVD, or USB flash drive. Scan the removable media for any infections before and after using it on the infected system.

Run the antivirus software and tools on the infected system and follow the instructions to delete or quarantine the infection. If the infection is persistent or complex, it may require booting the system from a rescue disk or using a Linux live disc to access and clean the system files.

After the infection is removed, restore the system to a previous clean state using System Restore, backup, or recovery partition. Scan the system again to ensure that it is clean and secure. Reconnect the system to the network and update the system and the antivirus software.

A VPN (Virtual Private Network) is a service that allows remote employees to access the company’s network resources securely over the internet as if they were on premises. A VPN encrypts the data traffic between the employee’s device and the VPN server, and assigns the employee a virtual IP address that belongs to the company’s network. This way, the employee can access the local servers, files, printers, and other resources without exposing them to the public internet. A VPN also protects the employee’s privacy and identity by masking their real IP address and location.

The Network and Sharing Center is a Control Panel utility that allows users to view and modify network settings, such as IP address, subnet mask, default gateway, DNS servers, and network profiles. To change the IP and gateway settings of a Windows workstation, the technician can follow these steps:

Open the Network and Sharing Center by clicking on the network icon in the system tray or by searching for it in the Start menu.

Click on Change adapter settings on the left sidebar.

Right-click on the network adapter that is connected to the network and select Properties.

Double-click on Internet Protocol Version 4 (TCP/IPv4) or Internet Protocol Version 6 (TCP/IPv6) depending on the network protocol used.

Select Use the following IP address and enter the desired IP address, subnet mask, and default gateway for the workstation. Alternatively, select Obtain an IP address automatically if the network uses DHCP to assign IP addresses dynamically.

Click OK to save the changes and close the dialog boxes.

Chain of custody is a legal term that refers to the chronological documentation or paper trail that records the sequence of custody, control, transfer, analysis, and disposition of materials, including physical or electronic evidence1. It is important in forensic investigations to establish that the evidence is in fact related to the case, and that it has not been tampered with or contaminated. A technician needs to track evidence for a forensic investigation on a Windows computer by following the proper procedures for collecting, handling, storing, and analyzing the evidence, and documenting every step of the process on a chain of custody form23

One of the common reasons for a slow smartphone performance is having too many apps installed and running in the background. These apps consume the device’s memory (RAM) and CPU resources, which can affect the speed and responsiveness of the phone. Rebooting the phone can temporarily clear the RAM and stop some background processes, but they may resume after a while. Connecting to a different network does not affect the performance of the phone, unless the network is congested or has a poor signal. The user can improve the phone’s performance by uninstalling unused apps, clearing app caches, and restricting background activities12. Malware can also slow down a phone, but it is not the most likely cause in this scenario, as the user does not report any other symptoms of infection, such as pop-ups, battery drain, or data usage spikes3. Jailbreaking a phone can also affect its performance, but it is not a cause, rather a consequence, of the user’s actions. Jailbreaking is the process of removing the manufacturer’s restrictions on a phone, which allows the user to install unauthorized apps, customize the system, and access root privileges4. However, jailbreaking also exposes the phone to security risks, voids the warranty, and may cause instability or compatibility issues5.

References1: Speed up a slow Android device - Android Help - Google Help2: Why your phone slows down over time and what you can do to stop it | TechRadar3: How to tell if your phone has a virus | Norton4: What is Jailbreaking? - Definition from Techopedia5: What is Jailbreaking an iPhone? – Lifewire

Developer Mode on Windows 10 is a feature that allows developers to test and debug their applications on their devices, as well as sideload apps and access other developer tools12. To enable Developer Mode, the user needs to go to the Settings app, select Update & Security, choose For Developers, and switch to Developer Mode123. However, enabling Developer Mode requires internet connectivity, as Windows will download and install a package of features, such as Windows Device Portal and SSH services, that are necessary for Developer Mode124. If the user does not have internet connectivity, they will receive a “failed to install package” message when trying to enable Developer Mode4. Therefore, the first thing that the technician should do is to ensure that the laptop has internet access, either through Wi-Fi or Ethernet, and then try to enable Developer Mode again4

A software firewall is a program that monitors and controls the incoming and outgoing network traffic on a computer or a server. A software firewall can help prevent unauthorized LAN devices from accessing stored files on a company file server by applying rules and policies that filter the network packets based on their source, destination, protocol, port, or content. A software firewall can also block or allow specific applications or services from communicating with the network, and alert the administrator of any suspicious or malicious activity12.

A software firewall is a better option than the other choices because:

Password complexity (B) is a good practice to protect the file server from unauthorized access, but it is not sufficient by itself. Password complexity refers to the use of strong passwords that are hard to guess or crack by attackers, and that are changed frequently and securely. Password complexity can prevent brute force attacks or credential theft, but it cannot stop network attacks that exploit vulnerabilities in the file server software or hardware, or that bypass the authentication process34.

Antivirus application © and anti-malware scans (D) are important tools to protect the file server from viruses and malware that can infect, damage, or encrypt the stored files. However, they are not effective in preventing unauthorized LAN devices from accessing the files in the first place. Antivirus and anti-malware tools can only detect and remove known threats, and they may not be able to stop zero-day attacks or advanced persistent threats that can evade or disable them. Moreover, antivirus and anti-malware tools cannot control the network traffic or the file server permissions, and they may not be compatible with all file server platforms or configurations56.

The Processes tab in the Task Manager shows all the running processes on the computer, including applications and background services. The user can use this tab to identify the unresponsive application and end its process by right-clicking on it and selecting End task. This will free up the system resources and close the application. The other tabs in the Task Manager do not allow the user to address the situation. The Startup tab shows the programs that run when the computer starts, the Performance tab shows the system resource usage and statistics, and the Application history tab shows the resource usage of the applications over time

XSS stands for cross-site scripting, which is a web security vulnerability that allows an attacker to inject malicious code into a web page that is viewed by other users1. XSS involves sending arbitrary characters in a web page request, such as a query string, a form field, a cookie, or a header, that contain a malicious script. The web server does not validate or encode the input, and returns it as part of the web page response. The browser then executes the script, which can perform various actions on behalf of the attacker, such as stealing cookies, session tokens, or other sensitive information, redirecting the user to a malicious site, or displaying fake content

The first step in troubleshooting a hardware issue is to identify the hardware device that is causing the problem. Asking the user for the model number of the hardware can help the help desk technician to find the specifications, manuals, drivers, and other relevant information for the device. This can also help the technician to determine if the device is compatible with the user’s system, if it has any known issues or defects, and if it is covered by warranty or support contract. Asking the user for the model number of the hardware is a help desk best practice that can save time and effort in resolving the issue

Maintaining the chain of custody is important to control evidence and maintain integrity. The chain of custody is a process that documents who handled, accessed, or modified a piece of evidence, when, where, how, and why. The chain of custody ensures that the evidence is preserved, protected, and authenticated throughout the incident response process. Maintaining the chain of custody can help prevent tampering, alteration, or loss of evidence, as well as establish its reliability and validity in legal proceedings. Maintaining an information security policy, properly identifying the issue, and gathering as much information as possible are not reasons why maintaining the chain of custody is important. Maintaining an information security policy is a general practice that defines the rules and guidelines for securing an organization’s information assets and resources. Properly identifying the issue is a step in the incident response process that involves analyzing and classifying the incident based on its severity, impact, and scope. Gathering as much information as possible is a step in the incident response process that involves collecting and documenting relevant data and evidence from various sources, such as logs, alerts, or witnesses. References:

Official CompTIA learning resources CompTIA A+ Core 1 and Core 2, page 26

The customer’s web browser is likely infected by a browser hijacker, which is a type of malware that changes the browser’s settings and redirects the user to malicious websites. A browser hijacker can also steal the user’s personal data, display unwanted ads, and install more malware on the device. To remove a browser hijacker, the user should first uninstall the browser from the Control Panel, then scan the device with an antivirus or anti-malware program, and finally install a trusted browser from a legitimate source. Deleting the browser cookies and history, resetting the browser settings, or changing the browser default search engine may not be enough to get rid of the browser hijacker, as it may have embedded itself into the system or other browser components. 

Event Viewer is a Microsoft tool that records and displays system events, errors, warnings, and information. Event Viewer can help troubleshoot and diagnose problems, such as unexpected shutdowns, by showing the details of what happened before, during, and after the incident. Event Viewer can also show the source of the event, such as an application, a service, a driver, or a hardware device. By using Event Viewer, a technician can identify the root cause of the unexpected shutdown, such as a power failure, a thermal event, a driver conflict, or a malware infection. 

The best way to fix the issue of slow cellular connection in the office is to connect to the company’s Wi-Fi network. This will allow the user’s mobile phone to access the internet through a faster and more reliable wireless network, instead of relying on the cellular network. Connecting to the Wi-Fi network will also save the user’s data usage and battery life.

Some of the factors that can affect the cellular connection speed are the distance from the cell tower, the obstructions between the phone and the tower, the network congestion, the network technology, and the features of the phone12. In the office, the user may experience a weak or unstable cellular signal due to the building structure, the location, or the interference from other devices. Therefore, switching to the Wi-Fi network can improve the performance of the phone’s applications and web browsing.

The ext3 file system is a Linux native file system that meets the requirements of the question. It has the following features:

All changes are tracked. The ext3 file system uses a journaling mechanism that records all changes to the file system metadata in a special log called the journal before applying them to the actual file system. This ensures that the file system can be restored to a consistent state in case of a power failure or system crash12.

The possibility of file corruption is reduced. The journaling feature of ext3 also reduces the possibility of file corruption, as it avoids the need for a full file system check after an unclean shutdown. The file system can be quickly replayed from the journal and any inconsistencies can be fixed12.

Data recovery is easy. The ext3 file system supports undeletion of files using tools such as ext3grep or extundelete, which can scan the file system for deleted inodes and attempt to recover the data blocks associated with them34.

Rebooting the smartphone is the first and simplest step to resolve the issue of frequent crashes and unresponsiveness. Rebooting clears the memory, closes the background apps, and refreshes the system. It can also fix minor glitches and bugs that may cause the calendar app or the smartphone to malfunction12. The other options are either too drastic or unnecessary. Reinstalling the application may not solve the problem if the issue is with the smartphone itself. Updating the smartphone’s OS may not be possible or helpful if the device is unresponsive or incompatible. Resetting the smartphone to factory settings will erase all the data and settings on the device, which should be the last resort.

The chmod command is used to change the permissions of files and directories in Linux. It can grant or revoke read, write, and execute permissions for the owner, the group, and others. To change the file permissions to only allow access to a certain group of users, the chmod command can use either the symbolic or the numeric mode. For example, to give read and write permissions to the group and no permissions to others, the command can be:

chmod g+rw,o-rwx filename

or

chmod 660 filename

The scenario described in the question suggests that the workstation has been infected by a ransomware, which is a type of malware that encrypts the files on the target system and demands a ransom for the decryption key12. The file extension .enc is commonly used by some ransomware variants to mark the encrypted files34. The developer is unable to open the database files manually because they are encrypted and require the decryption key, which is usually held by the attacker.

The best option for recovering the data is to utilize the backups, assuming that the backups are recent, valid, and not affected by the ransomware. Backups are copies of the data that are stored in a separate location or device, and can be used to restore the data in case of a disaster, such as a ransomware attack . By restoring the data from the backups, the developer can avoid paying the ransom and losing the data permanently.

Accessing a restore point is not a good option, because restore points are snapshots of the system settings and configuration, not the data files. Restore points can help to undo some system changes, such as installing a faulty driver or software, but they cannot recover the encrypted data files .

Rebooting into safe mode is also not a good option, because safe mode is a diagnostic mode that allows the system to run with minimal drivers and services, but it does not affect the data files. Safe mode can help to troubleshoot some system issues, such as malware infections, but it cannot decrypt the data files .

Using an AV to scan the affected files is also not a good option, because an AV is a software that can detect and remove some malware, but it cannot decrypt the data files. An AV can help to prevent or remove some ransomware infections, but it cannot recover the encrypted data files .

References1: CompTIA A+ Certification Exam Core 2 Objectives, page 10 2: CompTIA A+ Core 2 (220-1102) Complete Video Course, Lesson 26 Documentation 3: How to remove .enc file virus (Ransomware virus removal guide) 4: Enc File Extension - What is an .enc file and how do I open it? : CompTIA A+ Certification Exam Core 2 Objectives, page 13 : CompTIA A+ Core 2 (220-1102) Complete Video Course, Lesson 26 Documentation : What is a restore point? : How to use System Restore on Windows 10 : [What is Safe Mode?] : [How to boot into Safe Mode on Windows 10] : CompTIA A+ Certification Exam Core 2 Objectives, page 10 : [Can antivirus software remove ransomware?]

MFA stands for Multi-Factor Authentication, which is a method of verifying a user’s identity using two or more different factors of authentication. The three factors of authentication are something you know, something you have, and something you are. These factors correspond to different types of information or evidence that only the legitimate user should possess or provide. For example:

Something you know: a password, a PIN, a security question, etc.

Something you have: a smart card, a token, a mobile device, etc.

Something you are: a fingerprint, a face, an iris, etc.

MFA provides a higher level of security than single-factor authentication, which only uses one factor, such as a password. MFA reduces the risk of unauthorized access, identity theft, and data breaches, as an attacker would need to compromise more than one factor to impersonate a user. MFA is commonly used for online banking, email accounts, cloud services, and other sensitive applications

The best way to deal with an angry customer who is yelling at a technician is to wait until the customer is done speaking and offer assistance. This shows respect, empathy, and professionalism, and allows the technician to understand the customer’s problem and find a solution. According to the CompTIA A+ Core 2 (220-1102) Certification Study Guide1, some of the steps to handle angry customers are:

Stay calm and do not take it personally.

Listen actively and acknowledge the customer’s feelings.

Apologize sincerely and offer to help.

Restate the customer’s issue and ask for clarification if needed.

Explain the possible causes and solutions for the problem.

Provide clear and realistic expectations for the resolution.

Follow up with the customer until the issue is resolved.

The other options are not appropriate ways to deal with angry customers, as they may worsen the situation or damage the customer relationship. Placing the customer on hold may make them feel ignored or dismissed. Disconnecting the call may make them feel disrespected or abandoned. Escalating the issue to a supervisor may make them feel frustrated or powerless, unless the technician cannot resolve the issue or the customer requests to speak to a supervisor.

Malware is software that infects computer systems to damage, disable or exploit the computer or network for various malicious purposes5. Malware is typically distributed via email attachments, fake internet ads, infected applications or websites, and often relies on user interaction to execute6. Therefore, one of the most effective ways to prevent malware infections is to educate the end user about the common signs and sources of malware, and how to avoid them7. Configuring the firewall, restoring the system from backups, and updating the antivirus program are also important security measures, but they do not address the root cause of the user’s repeated infections, which is likely due to a lack of awareness or caution.

References5: Malware: what it is, how it works, and how to stop it - Norton6: How to Prevent Malware: 15 Best Practices for Malware Prevention7: 10 Security Tips for How to Prevent Malware Infections - Netwrix

The best option for the technician to demonstrate proper communication techniques and professionalism is to contact the customer if the technician is arriving late. This shows respect for the customer’s time and expectations, and allows the customer to adjust their schedule accordingly. It also helps to maintain a positive relationship and trust between the technician and the customer. The technician should apologize for the delay and provide a realistic estimate of their arrival time. The technician should also thank the customer for their patience and understanding.

The other options are not appropriate or professional. Do not notify the customer if arriving before the customer is not a good practice, as it may cause confusion or frustration for the customer. The customer may have made other plans or arrangements based on the technician’s original schedule, and may not be available or prepared for the service. Dismiss the customer and proceed with the after-hours work is rude and disrespectful, as it ignores the customer’s needs and preferences. The customer may have questions or concerns about the service, or may want to supervise or verify the work. The technician should always communicate with the customer before, during, and after the service. Disclose the experience via social media is unethical and unprofessional, as it may violate the customer’s privacy and the company’s policies. The technician should not share any confidential or sensitive information about the customer or the service on social media, or make any negative or inappropriate comments about the customer or the situation.

Temperature and humidity levels are the most important environmental factors to consider when planning the configuration of a data center, as they directly affect the performance, reliability, and energy efficiency of the IT equipment. Excessive heat or moisture can cause overheating, corrosion, condensation, or static electricity, which can damage the hardware and lead to data loss or service disruption. Therefore, data centers need to monitor and control the temperature and humidity levels within the recommended ranges by using various cooling systems, airflow management, and sensors12.

SQL injection is a type of attack that takes advantage of vulnerabilities in a web application's database query software, allowing an attacker to send malicious SQL commands through the application to the database. These commands can manipulate the database and can lead to unauthorized data access or manipulation.

SQL injection: In the scenario described, the malicious user was able to export an entire website's user database by entering specific commands into a field on the company's website, which is a classic example of an SQL injection attack. This type of attack exploits vulnerabilities in the database layer of an application to execute unauthorized SQL commands.

Cross-site scripting (A) involves injecting malicious scripts into content from otherwise trusted websites. A brute-force attack (C) is an attempt to gain access to a system by systematically checking all possible keys or passwords until the correct one is found. A DDoS attack (D) is an attempt to make a machine or network resource unavailable to its intended users by overwhelming it with a flood of internet traffic.

Linux is known for its high degree of customizability and flexibility, making it an ideal choice for organizations looking to deploy a customizable operating system. Unlike proprietary operating systems, Linux allows users to modify or replace almost any part of the system, from the kernel to the desktop environment and applications, to suit their specific needs.

Linux: This open-source operating system provides access to the source code, enabling extensive customization. Organizations can tailor Linux distributions to fit specific requirements, making it a popular choice for servers, specialized workstation environments, and embedded systems.

Windows 10 (A) and macOS (B) offer some level of customization but are more restricted due to their proprietary nature. Chrome OS (D) is designed for simplicity and security, focusing on web applications, which limits deep system-level customizations. iOS (E) is designed for Apple's mobile devices and is not applicable for organizational deployment beyond mobile and tablet devices; it also offers limited customization compared to Linux.

An image backup captures a complete snapshot of the entire system at a specific point in time, including the operating system, installed applications, user profiles, and system settings. This method is most suitable for backing up the components listed in the question because it ensures that every aspect of the workstation, from the core OS to individual user settings, is preserved and can be restored in its entirety. This is crucial for quickly recovering a system to a fully operational state after a failure or when migrating to new hardware. Other methods like differential, synthetic, and archive backups do not provide the comprehensive one-step restoration capability that an image backup offers for the complete system recovery.

To locate a missing file with only a partial name known, the best tools to use in a Linux environment would be grep and find.

grep: This command is used to search the contents of files for a specific pattern. While grep itself might not be the first choice for finding file names, it can be combined with other commands (like ls or find) to search within file lists or contents.

find: This command is used to search for files in a directory hierarchy based on various criteria like name, size, modification date, etc. find can be used to search for files by partial name by using wildcards in the search pattern.

cat (A) is used to concatenate and display the content of files. df (B) displays the amount of disk space used and available on filesystems. ps (D) shows information about active processes. dig (E) is used for querying DNS name servers. top (G) displays Linux tasks and system performance information. None of these tools are directly suited for finding files by partial names.

On macOS, uninstalling an application typically involves locating the app in Finder and dragging it to the Trash. This method is straightforward and commonly used for removing unwanted applications. The other options do not directly relate to the standard process of uninstalling applications on a Mac.

A boot sector virus infects the master boot record (MBR) of a hard drive, the sector that contains information required to start the operating system after the computer is turned on. This type of virus is particularly insidious because it loads into memory immediately upon booting and before most antivirus programs start. This makes it possible for the virus to evade detection and removal, and can easily reinfect a system even after the operating system is reinstalled if the boot sector is not cleaned.

Boot sector virus: Given that the malware infection returned after the OS reinstallation, it's likely that the virus was not removed from the boot sector during the reinstallation process. Reinstalling the OS without cleaning the boot sector won't remove the infection, allowing the virus to continue to affect the system.

Other options:

Trojan: A Trojan is a type of malware that disguises itself as legitimate software. While Trojans can be persistent, the reinstallation of the OS should remove any Trojans unless they are reintroduced after installation.

Spyware: Spyware is designed to gather information about a person or organization without their knowledge. Like Trojans, spyware should be removed with an OS reinstallation unless it is reintroduced in some way.

Rootkit: Rootkits are designed to enable continued privileged access to a computer while actively hiding their presence. While a rootkit could potentially survive an OS reinstall if it infects the firmware or certain areas outside the OS, the scenario described points more specifically to a boot sector virus, especially considering the immediate return of the infection after OS reinstallation.

When troubleshooting a Windows system that is experiencing issues during the OS loading phase at startup, enabling boot logging is a practical step. Boot logging creates a record of all drivers and services that are loaded (or attempted to be loaded) during the startup process. This record, typically named ntbtlog.txt, can be reviewed to identify any drivers or services that failed to load, which could be contributing to the startup issues. This diagnostic step helps pinpoint the problematic component(s) and facilitates targeted troubleshooting to resolve the OS loading issues.

To resolve a BSOD issue on a Windows 10 PC after installing optional Windows updates, the best approach is to Roll back the device drivers (B). BSODs can often be caused by incompatible or faulty drivers introduced during an update. Rolling back the drivers to a previous version can restore system stability and resolve the BSOD issue​​.

Folder redirection is a feature in Windows that allows administrators to change the default location of certain special folders within the user profile, such as the "Documents" folder, to a different location, typically on a network server. This is commonly used in organizational environments to centralize file storage, simplify backups, and ensure data is stored on network drives with potentially more robust security measures and redundancy.

Folder redirection: By implementing folder redirection through Group Policy in Active Directory, a company can ensure that all users' "Documents" folders are stored on a specified file server on the network, allowing for centralized management and backup of important user files.

Security groups (A) are used to manage user and computer access to shared resources, but they don't directly enable the relocation of user folders. Organizational unit structure (C) helps in managing and applying policies within Active Directory but is not directly related to the physical location of files. Access control lists (D) are used to define permissions for files and directories, but they do not govern where those files and directories should be located.

When a user's cursor is moving on its own and unauthorized data transfer is occurring, the first step a technician should take is to Quarantine the workstation. This involves isolating the affected system from the network to prevent the spread of malware or unauthorized access to other parts of the network. Quarantining helps in containing the threat and provides a safe environment to investigate and remediate the issue without risking further contamination or data loss​​.

For updating software on several hundred Mac laptops, the best method is Mobile Device Management (MDM). MDM solutions allow administrators to remotely manage and update software across multiple devices efficiently, making it an ideal choice for handling software updates on a large scale.

Windows 10 includes a set of parental controls within the "Family Options" section of the Windows settings. This feature allows parents to manage their children's computing activities, including setting time limits on device use, filtering web content, managing privacy and online safety settings, and viewing activity reports.

Family Options: By enabling and configuring Family Options, the user can set specific times when their children can use the device and access the internet, effectively limiting their overall screen time and internet usage.

Update & Security (B) mainly deals with Windows updates and security features but does not directly provide settings for time management. Ease of Access (C) is focused on accessibility settings and does not include time management options. Network & Internet (D) settings control network connectivity and do not offer parental controls or time limits. Privacy (E) settings manage which applications can access device features and user data but do not include time management options.

Disposing of SSDs (Solid State Drives) containing sensitive data requires methods that ensure the data cannot be recovered. SSDs store data on flash memory, which makes traditional data destruction methods like degaussing ineffective, as degaussing relies on demagnetizing the magnetic media found in traditional hard drives.

Incineration: This method ensures the complete destruction of the SSD by burning it at high temperatures. This process is effective as it physically destroys the flash memory chips, making data recovery impossible.

Shredding: Shredding involves physically breaking the SSD into small pieces. Specialized shredding machines designed for electronic media can cut the SSD into pieces small enough to render the data unrecoverable.

Other listed options such as Degaussing (A) is ineffective on SSDs because they don't use magnetic storage. Simple Deletion (B) and Formatting (E) are not secure methods for data destruction as the data can potentially be recovered using specialized software. Recycling (D) is environmentally friendly but does not guarantee data destruction if the drive is not physically destroyed first.

After successfully mitigating a malicious event caused by an infected email, the final step before considering the event closed is to complete an incident report. This document should detail the nature of the incident, the steps taken to resolve it, and any lessons learned to improve future responses to similar threats.

The "tracert" command is used to view the path that network traffic takes from a PC to a specified destination. It is helpful in identifying where along the path the traffic may be failing or experiencing delays. In the scenario where a customer service representative can't send jobs to a remote printer but can print locally, "tracert" can help diagnose if there's a network routing issue affecting the connection to the remote branch office.

BitLocker is a full-disk encryption feature included with Windows Vista and later. It is designed to protect data by providing encryption for entire volumes. By encrypting the hard drive, BitLocker prevents unauthorized access to the data stored on the drive, securing it in case the laptop is lost or stolen. BitLocker is preferable over options like Windows Backup (which is for data recovery, not encryption), Shadow Copy (used for backup and does not encrypt data), and Trusted Platform Module (TPM, which is a hardware component used alongside BitLocker for securing encryption keys).

To implement a system that handles both authentication and authorization, TACACS+ (Terminal Access Controller Access-Control System Plus) is the best option. TACACS+ is a security protocol that provides centralized Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting (AAA) services for networked access control, meeting the requirement for both authentication and authorization management.

To prevent ransomware attacks via email, the most effective way is End user education (C). Educating users about the dangers of phishing emails, how to recognize suspicious emails, and the importance of not clicking on unknown links or attachments can significantly reduce the risk of ransomware infections. Awareness and training can empower users to act as the first line of defense against such cyber threats

When handling a user support request that contains insufficient information, the first step a technician should take is to Ask the user for clarification (A). This involves gathering more details about the issue to understand the problem better and provide an accurate resolution. Effective communication and asking the right questions are essential for diagnosing and resolving IT issues efficiently​​.

The operating systems designed for smartphones include iOS and Android. iOS is developed by Apple Inc. for its iPhone range, while Android, developed by Google, is used across a variety of devices from different manufacturers. Both operating systems are specifically tailored to provide a mobile computing experience, with interfaces, applications, and functionalities designed for touchscreen input and mobile hardware​​.

To mitigate brute-force attacks, implementing a failed log-in lockout feature is effective. This security measure temporarily disables user accounts after a specified number of unsuccessful login attempts, preventing attackers from continuously trying different password combinations to gain unauthorized access.

Restarting the smartphone can resolve a wide range of technical issues, including those related to Bluetooth connectivity. This simple step can refresh the system and eliminate temporary software glitches that might be interfering with Bluetooth functions like audio output and data synchronization.

Restart the smartphone: This action clears the system's RAM and can resolve conflicts between the Bluetooth service and other processes running on the smartphone, potentially fixing both the audio and synchronization issues.

Resetting network settings (B) could also potentially fix the issue but is a more drastic step that also clears Wi-Fi networks and passwords, cellular settings, and VPN configurations, which might not be necessary. Unpairing the Bluetooth speaker (C) could help if the issue is specific to the speaker, but since there are also synchronization issues with the smartwatch, the problem seems broader. Checking for system updates (D) is a good general maintenance step, but it's more likely to help with ongoing or known issues rather than immediate connectivity problems.

DNS (Domain Name System) lookups are essential for translating human-friendly domain names into IP addresses that computers use to communicate. DNS typically uses port 53 for its communication.

In the provided firewall output, various ports are either allowed or blocked for outgoing traffic. For DNS recursion, which is the process of resolving domain names to IP addresses, port 53 must be open.

Port 53: This is the standard port used by DNS for queries and responses. The fact that it is currently blocked (as per the firewall output) is the reason why DNS lookups are failing. Opening port 53 will allow the DNS requests to pass through the firewall, enabling the resolution of domain names to IP addresses.

Other ports mentioned in the output are used for different services and protocols:

Port 1 is generally not used for standard services.

Port 445 is associated with SMB (Server Message Block) for file sharing in Windows environments.

Port 123 is used by NTP (Network Time Protocol) for time synchronization.

Port 80 is used for HTTP traffic, which is web traffic but not related to DNS lookups.

Time Machine is a backup feature available in macOS that automatically makes hourly backups for the past 24 hours, daily backups for the past month, and weekly backups for all previous months to an external drive or NAS. It allows users to recover the entire system or specific files from any point in time, ensuring access to multiple versions of files. This feature is particularly useful for reverting to earlier versions of a document or recovering a file that has been accidentally deleted or altered. The other options, such as Multiple Desktops, Remote Disc, and FileVault, do not provide versioning capabilities for file access.

The 'top' command in Linux is used to display the running processes along with information about system resources like CPU and memory usage. It provides a real-time view of the system's resource consumption, making it an essential tool for monitoring and managing system performance.

In the context of a forensic investigation, especially involving sensitive information, preserving the integrity and the chain of custody of the potential evidence is crucial. The step to "Recover and secure the workstation" involves physically securing the workstation to prevent any unauthorized access and logically securing the data by ensuring that no changes are made to the system or files. This step helps maintain the original state of the workstation, which is essential for a legitimate forensic analysis and ensuring that the evidence is admissible in legal proceedings.

When an Android device experiences slow boot times and application crashes after installing apps from a third-party website, scanning the system for malware is a critical first step. Third-party sources can often host malicious software that can compromise device performance and security. A malware scan can identify and remove such threats, potentially resolving the performance issues and application instability. Clearing the web browser cache, enrolling the device in an MDM system, and confirming app compatibility are useful steps but do not address the immediate concern of potential malware introduced by third-party app installations.

Using a password manager is the best way to mitigate the issue of users recording their login information in accessible areas. Password managers securely store and encrypt passwords and login details, reducing the need for users to write down or remember multiple complex passwords. This approach enhances security by encouraging the use of strong, unique passwords for different accounts without the risk of forgetting them or the unsafe practice of writing them down. Trusted sources, valid certificates, and user training are important security measures but do not directly address the problem of managing multiple secure passwords as effectively as a password manager does.

Turning off inheritance on the specific folder requested by the manager and setting the requested permissions, followed by turning on inheritance under the child folders, ensures that only the immediate team has access to the confidential material while maintaining the broader permissions structure for other folders and files. This action isolates the folder's permissions from the top-level inheritance, providing a focused security measure for sensitive content.

When encountering a warning about antivirus protection malfunctioning, the first step should be to isolate the computer from the network to prevent potential spread of malware. Updating the endpoint protection software is also crucial to ensure the latest virus definitions and security features are in place to effectively identify and remove the threat.

For securely disposing of SSDs, physical destruction methods like shredding are considered most effective:

Shredding: This method involves physically breaking the SSD into small pieces, making data recovery practically impossible. It's a recommended practice for ensuring that sensitive data on SSDs is irretrievably destroyed.

To resolve an issue of low storage space on a Windows computer, the best approach is to Run Disk Cleanup (B). Disk Cleanup is a built-in utility that helps users free up space on their hard drives by deleting temporary files, system files, and other unnecessary files that are no longer needed, thereby resolving low storage space issues

Windows Hello is a biometric-based technology that enables Windows 10 users to authenticate secure access to their devices, apps, online services, and networks with just a look or a touch. If users have difficulty using the facial recognition feature, Windows Hello also supports a Personal Identification Number (PIN) as a secondary feature for logging in. The PIN is tied to the specific device on which it is set up, adding a layer of security even if the PIN is obtained by someone else.

Personal identification number: The PIN serves as an alternative to the facial recognition feature, allowing users to quickly and securely access their devices without relying solely on biometric authentication.

Username/password (B) is the traditional method of authentication but is not specifically a secondary feature of Windows Hello. One-time-use token (C) and cryptographic device (D) could be part of an MFA setup but are not directly related to Windows Hello's alternate authentication options.

After rebooting the phone, connecting to Wi-Fi, and disabling metered data, the next step the technician should take is to Clear the cache (D). Clearing the cache can resolve issues with the phone's performance and is often necessary before updating software to ensure that the updates can be downloaded and installed without issues. It removes temporary files that may be interfering with the update process​​.

The IT manager's caution regarding the new applications not having a detrimental effect on company finances points directly to concerns about the business impact. This encompasses potential costs associated with upgrading legacy systems, compatibility issues that might arise from running new applications on old infrastructure, and the risks of system downtime or reduced performance affecting business operations. The focus here is on ensuring that the integration of new applications into the legacy system does not incur unexpected expenses or disrupt critical business processes.

For a SOHO (Small Office/Home Office) router setup where the goal is to only allow specific computers on the network, MAC filtering is the appropriate solution:

Configure MAC filtering: This security measure involves creating a list of allowed device MAC (Media Access Control) addresses in the router's settings. Only devices with MAC addresses on this list will be able to connect to the network, effectively restricting access to authorized computers only.

Drilling and incinerating are physical destruction methods that make the data on hard drives unrecoverable. Standard formatting, erasing and low-level formatting are logical methods that can be reversed with data recovery tools. Recycling is not a destruction method at all. Verified References:

When selecting a new Windows operating system for a large company that needs built-in encryption and endpoint protection, the Enterprise edition is the most likely choice. This edition provides advanced security features such as Windows Defender Advanced Threat Protection (ATP), AppLocker, and BitLocker Drive Encryption. These features can help to protect the company's data and endpoints against malware attacks, unauthorized access, and data theft.

The Home and Pro editions of Windows do not include some of the advanced security features provided by the Enterprise edition, such as Windows Defender ATP and AppLocker. The Pro for Workstations edition is designed for high-performance and high-end hardware configurations, but it does not provide additional security features beyond those provided by the Pro edition.

The first thing that the specialist should do to protect the company’s data on an insecure network with open authentication is to connect to the vendor’s network using a VPN. A VPN stands for Virtual Private Network and is a technology that creates a secure and encrypted connection over a public or untrusted network. A VPN can protect the company’s data by preventing eavesdropping, interception or modification of the network traffic by unauthorized parties. A VPN can also provide access to the company’s internal network and resources remotely. Manually configuring an IP address, a subnet mask and a default gateway may not be necessary or possible if the vendor’s network uses DHCP to assign network configuration parameters automatically. Manually configuring an IP address, a subnet mask and a default gateway does not protect the company’s data from network attacks or threats. Changing the network location to private may not be advisable or effective if the vendor’s network is a public or untrusted network. Changing the network location to private does not protect the company’s data from network attacks or threats. Configuring MFA on the network may not be feasible or sufficient if the vendor’s network has open authentication and does not support or require MFA. Configuring MFA on the network does not protect the company’s data from network attacks or threats. References: CompTIA A+ Core 2 (220-1002) Certification Exam Objectives Version 4.0, Domain 3.3

The piece of hardware that the technician should replace to resolve the issue of the screen failing to rotate on a mobile device that was dropped is the accelerometer. The accelerometer is a sensor that detects the orientation and movement of the mobile device by measuring the acceleration forces acting on it. The accelerometer allows the screen to rotate automatically according to the position and angle of the device. If the accelerometer is damaged or malfunctioning, the screen may not rotate properly or at all, even if the settings are correctly applied. LCD stands for Liquid Crystal Display and is a type of display that uses liquid crystals and backlight to produce images on the screen. LCD is not related to the screen rotation feature but to the quality and brightness of the display. Battery is a component that provides power to the mobile device by storing and releasing electrical energy. Battery is not related to the screen rotation feature but to the battery life and performance of the device. Digitizer is a component that converts touch inputs into digital signals that can be processed by the mobile device. Digitizer is not related to the screen rotation feature but to the touch sensitivity and accuracy of the display. References: CompTIA A+ Core 2 (220-1002) Certification Exam Objectives Version 4.0, Domain 1.5

Content filtering is a process that manages or screens access to specific emails or webpages based on their content categories1. Content filtering can be used by organizations to control content access through their firewalls and enforce corporate policies around information system management2. A SOHO client may have content filtering enabled on their network and may need to adjust it to allow access to a corporate website that is blocked by default. The client can use a software program, a hardware device, or a subscription service to configure the content filtering settings and whitelist the desired website2.

When a user rotates a cell phone horizontally to read emails and the display remains vertical, even though the settings indicate autorotate is on, this is typically due to a problem with the phone's accelerometer. The accelerometer is the sensor that detects changes in the phone's orientation and adjusts the display accordingly. If the accelerometer is not calibrated correctly, the display may not rotate as expected.

Recalibrating the accelerometer is the most likely solution to this issue. The process for recalibrating the accelerometer can vary depending on the specific device and operating system, but it typically involves going to the device's settings and finding the option to calibrate or reset the sensor. Users may need to search their device's documentation or online resources to find specific instructions for their device.

When a homeowner moves and sets up a new router for the new ISP it is important to take appropriate security measures to protect their network from potential security threats. The FIRST step that the homeowner should take after installation of all relevant cabling and hardware is to change the default passwords on new network devices.

Most modern routers come with default usernames and passwords that are widely known to potential attackers. If these defaults are not changed, it could make it easier for external attackers to gain unauthorized access to the network. Changing the passwords on new network devices is a simple but effective way to improve the security posture of the network.

The next troubleshooting step that the technician should perform to resolve the issue of pages flashing on the screen before staying open when accessing banking web pages is to verify the address bar URL. The address bar URL is the web address that appears in the browser’s address bar and indicates the location of the web page being accessed. Verifying the address bar URL can help determine if the user is accessing a legitimate or malicious website, as some phishing websites may try to impersonate banking websites by using similar-looking URLs or domains.

Robocopy is a command-line utility that can be used to mirror the source data for the backup. It can copy files and folders with various options, such as copying only changed files, preserving attributes and permissions, and retrying failed copies. Robocopy is more powerful and flexible than copy or xcopy, which are simpler commands that can only copy files and folders without mirroring or other advanced features. Copy-Item is a PowerShell cmdlet that can also copy files and folders, but it is not a native Windows utility and it requires PowerShell to run1.

 Before removing a Trojan virus from a workstation, a technician should disable System Restore. System Restore is a feature that allows users to restore their system to a previous state in case of problems or errors. However, System Restore can also restore infected files or registry entries that were removed by antivirus software or manual actions. By disabling System Restore, a technician can ensure that the Trojan virus is completely removed and does not reappear after a system restore operation. Scheduling a malware scan may help detect and remove some malware but may not be effective against all types of Trojan viruses. Educating the end user may help prevent future infections but does not address the current issue of removing the Trojan virus. Running Windows Update may help patch some security vulnerabilities but does not guarantee that the Trojan virus will be removed. References: CompTIA A+ Core 2 (220-1002) Certification Exam Objectives Version 4.0, Domain 1.3

 Bringing the device within Bluetooth range is the best way to troubleshoot the issue of inconsistent audio when using wireless headphones and moving around. Bluetooth is a wireless technology that allows devices to communicate over short distances, typically up to 10 meters or 33 feet. If the device is too far from the headphones, the Bluetooth signal may be weak or interrupted, resulting in poor audio quality or loss of connection.

 The user is experiencing a vishing attack. Vishing stands for voice phishing and is a type of social-engineering attack that uses phone calls or voice messages to trick users into revealing personal or financial information. Vishing attackers often pretend to be from legitimate organizations, such as banks, government agencies or service providers, and use various tactics, such as urgency, fear or reward, to persuade users to comply with their requests. Phishing is a type of social-engineering attack that uses fraudulent emails or websites to trick users into revealing personal or financial information. Phishing does not involve phone calls or voice messages. Smishing is a type of social-engineering attack that uses text messages or SMS to trick users into revealing personal or financial information. Smishing does not involve phone calls or voice messages. Whaling is a type of social-engineering attack that targets high-profile individuals, such as executives, celebrities or politicians, to trick them into revealing personal or financial information. Whaling does not necessarily involve phone calls or voice messages. References: CompTIA A+ Core 2 (220-1002) Certification Exam Objectives Version 4.0, Domain 3.1

Risk analysis is used to explain issues that may occur during a change implementation. Risk analysis is a process of identifying, assessing and prioritizing potential risks that may affect a project or an activity. Risk analysis can help determine the likelihood and impact of various issues that may arise during a change implementation, such as technical errors, compatibility problems, security breaches, performance degradation or user dissatisfaction. Risk analysis can also help plan and prepare for mitigating or avoiding these issues. Scope change is a modification of the original goals, requirements or deliverables of a project or an activity. Scope change is not used to explain issues that may occur during a change implementation but to reflect changes in expectations or needs of the stakeholders. End-user acceptance is a measure of how well the users are satisfied with and adopt a new system or service. End-user acceptance is not used to explain issues that may occur during a change implementation but to evaluate the success and effectiveness of the change. Rollback plan is a contingency plan that describes how to restore a system or service to its previous state in case of a failed or problematic change implementation. Rollback plan is not used to explain issues that may occur during a change implementation but to recover from them. References: CompTIA A+ Core 2 (220-1002) Certification Exam Objectives Version 4.0, Domain 5.2

Recovery is a Windows 10 utility that can be used to address the concern of a failed update that prevents an application from launching. Recovery allows the user to reset the PC, go back to a previous version of Windows, or use advanced startup options to troubleshoot and repair the system2. Device Manager, Administrator Tools, and Programs and Features are not Windows 10 utilities that can fix a failed update.

User Accounts is a Control Panel utility that allows the technician to manage user accounts and groups on a workstation1. The technician can use User Accounts to grant local administrative access to a user by adding the user to the Administrators group1. The Administrators group has full control over the workstation and can perform tasks such as installing software, changing system settings, and accessing all files.

Remote wipe is a feature that allows data to be deleted from a device or system remotely by an administrator or owner1. It is used to protect data from being compromised if the device is lost, stolen, or changed hands1. Device encryption is a feature that helps protect the data on a device by making it unreadable to unauthorized users2. It requires a key or a password to access the data2. Both features can help mitigate the risk of losing company trade secrets if a corporate phone is stolen.

Shredding is the best method to use for the physical destruction of SSDs because it reduces them to small pieces that cannot be recovered or accessed. Wiping, low-level formatting, and erasing are not effective methods for destroying SSDs because they do not physically damage the flash memory chips that store data1.

 The most likely reason that the system is not utilizing all the available RAM is that the system is utilizing a 32-bit OS. A 32-bit OS is an operating system that uses 32 bits to address memory locations and perform calculations. A 32-bit OS can only support up to 4GB of RAM, and some of that RAM may be reserved for hardware devices or system functions, leaving less than 4GB of usable RAM for applications and processes. A 32-bit OS cannot recognize or utilize more than 4GB of RAM, even if more RAM is installed on the system. To utilize all the available RAM, the system needs to use a 64-bit OS, which can support much more RAM than a 32-bit OS. The system missing updates may cause some performance or compatibility issues, but it does not affect the amount of usable RAM on the system. The system’s memory failing may cause some errors or crashes, but it does not affect the amount of usable RAM on the system. The system requiring BIOS updates may cause some configuration or compatibility issues, but it does not affect the amount of usable RAM on the system. References: CompTIA A+ Core 2 (220-1002) Certification Exam Objectives Version 4.0, Domain 1.1

The script type that is used with the Python language by default is .py. .py is a file extension that indicates a Python script file that contains Python code that can be executed by a Python interpreter or compiler. Python is a high-level, general-purpose and interpreted programming language that can be used for various applications, such as web development, data analysis, machine learning and automation. .ps1 is a file extension that indicates a PowerShell script file that contains PowerShell code that can be executed by a PowerShell interpreter or compiler. PowerShell is a task-based, command-line and scripting language that can be used for system administration and automation on Windows systems. .vbs is a file extension that indicates a VBScript file that contains VBScript code that can be executed by a VBScript interpreter or compiler. VBScript is an Active Scripting language that can be used for web development and automation on Windows systems. .bat is a file extension that indicates a batch file that contains a series of commands that can be executed by a command-line interpreter or shell on Windows systems. Batch files can be used for system administration and automation on Windows systems. References: CompTIA A+ Core 2 (220-1002) Certification Exam Objectives Version 4.0, Domain 4.3