Certified Ethical Hacker Exam (CEHv13) Questions and Answers
Lewis, a professional hacker, targeted the IoT cameras and devices used by a target venture-capital firm. He used an information-gathering tool to collect information about the IoT devices connected to a network, open ports and services, and the attack surface area. Using this tool, he also generated statistical reports on broad usage patterns and trends. This tool helped Lewis continually monitor every reachable server and device on the Internet, further allowing him to exploit these devices in the network. Which of the following tools was employed by Lewis in the above scenario?
Consider the following Nmap output:
What command-line parameter could you use to determine the type and version number of the web server?
What is the algorithm used by LM for Windows 2000 SAM?
John, a security analyst working for an organization, found a critical vulnerability on the organization's LAN that allows him to view financial and personal information about the rest of the employees. Before reporting the vulnerability, he examines the information shown by the vulnerability for two days without disclosing any information to third parties or other internal employees. He does so out of curiosity about the other employees and may take advantage of this information later.
What would John be considered as?
Elliot is exploiting a web application vulnerable to SQL injection. He has introduced conditional timing delays to determine whether the injection is successful.
What type of SQL injection is Elliot most likely performing?
A penetration tester is assessing the security of a corporate wireless network that uses WPA2-Enterprise encryption with RADIUS authentication. The tester wants to perform a man-in-the-middle attack by tricking wireless clients into connecting to a rogue access point. What is the most effective method to achieve this?
Which Nmap option would you use if you were not concerned about being detected and wanted to perform a very fast scan?
When configuring wireless on his home router, Javik disables SSID broadcast. He leaves authentication “open” but sets the SSID to a 32-character string of random letters and numbers.
What is an accurate assessment of this scenario from a security perspective?
Nicolas just found a vulnerability on a public-facing system that is considered a zero-day vulnerability. He sent an email to the owner of the public system describing the problem and how the owner can protect themselves from that vulnerability. He also sent an email to Microsoft informing them of the problem that their systems are exposed to. What type of hacker is Nicolas?
When you are getting information about a web server, it is very important to know the HTTP Methods (GET, POST, HEAD, PUT, DELETE, TRACE) that are available because there are two critical methods (PUT and DELETE). PUT can upload a file to the server and DELETE can delete a file from the server. You can detect all these methods (GET, POST, HEAD, DELETE, PUT, TRACE) using NMAP script engine. What Nmap script will help you with this task?
A penetration tester discovers that a system is infected with malware that encrypts all files and demands payment for decryption. What type of malware is this?
You are a cybersecurlty consultant for a smart city project. The project involves deploying a vast network of loT devices for public utilities like traffic control, water supply, and power grid management The city administration is concerned about the possibility of a Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attack crippling these critical services. They have asked you for advice on how to prevent such an attack. What would be your primary recommendation?
As a part of an ethical hacking exercise, an attacker is probing a target network that is suspected to employ various honeypot systems for security. The attacker needs to detect and bypass these honeypots without alerting the target. The attacker decides to utilize a suite of techniques. Which of the following techniques would NOT assist in detecting a honeypot?
When a security analyst prepares for the formal security assessment, what of the following should be done in order to determine inconsistencies in the secure assets database and verify that system is compliant to the minimum security baseline?
Matthew, a black hat, has managed to open a meterpreter session to one of the kiosk machines in Evil Corp’s lobby. He checks his current SID, which is:
S-1-5-21-1223352397-1872883824-861252104-501
What needs to happen before Matthew has full administrator access?
A security analyst investigates unusual east-west traffic on a corporate network. A rogue device has been physically inserted between a workstation and the switch, enabling unauthorized access while inheriting the workstation’s authenticated network state. Which evasion technique is being used?
During the enumeration phase. Lawrence performs banner grabbing to obtain information such as OS details and versions of services running. The service that he enumerated runs directly on TCP port 445.
Which of the following services is enumerated by Lawrence in this scenario?
Stephen, an attacker, targeted the industrial control systems of an organization. He generated a fraudulent email with a malicious attachment and sent it to employees of the target organization. An employee who manages the sales software of the operational plant opened the fraudulent email and clicked on the malicious attachment. This resulted in the malicious attachment being downloaded and malware being injected into the sales software maintained in the victim's system. Further, the malware propagated itself to other networked systems, finally damaging the industrial automation components.
What is the attack technique used by Stephen to damage the industrial systems?
A penetration tester is testing a web application's product search feature, which takes user input and queries the database. The tester suspects inadequate input sanitization. What is the best approach to confirm the presence of SQL injection?
E-mail scams and mail fraud are regulated by which of the following?
You start performing a penetration test against a specific website and have decided to start by grabbing all the links from the main page.
What is the best Linux pipe to achieve your milestone?
Joel, a professional hacker, targeted a company and identified the types of websites frequently visited by its employees. Using this information, he searched for possible loopholes in these websites and injected a malicious script that can redirect users from the web page and download malware onto a victim's machine. Joel waits for the victim to access the infected web application so as to compromise the victim's machine. Which of the following techniques is used by Joel in the above scenario?
A technician is resolving an issue where a computer is unable to connect to the Internet using a wireless access point. The computer is able to transfer files locally to other machines, but cannot successfully reach the Internet. When the technician examines the IP address and default gateway they are both on the 192.168.1.0/24. Which of the following has occurred?
A group of hackers were roaming around a bank office building in a city, driving a luxury car. They were using hacking tools on their laptop with the intention to find a free-access wireless network.
What is this hacking process known as?
An attacker, using a rogue wireless AP, performed an MITM attack and injected an HTML code to embed a malicious applet in all HTTP connections. When users accessed any page, the applet ran and exploited many machines. Which one of the following tools the hacker probably used to inject HTML code?
Sam is working as a system administrator In an organization. He captured the principal characteristics of a vulnerability and produced a numerical score to reflect Its severity using CVSS v3.0 to property assess and prioritize the organization's vulnerability management processes. The base score that Sam obtained after performing cvss rating was 4.0. What is the CVSS severity level of the vulnerability discovered by Sam in the above scenario?
env x='(){ :;};echo exploit' bash –c 'cat /etc/passwd'
What is the Shellshock bash vulnerability attempting to do on a vulnerable Linux host?
A penetration tester is assessing an IoT thermostat used in a smart home system. The device communicates with a cloud server for updates and commands. The tester discovers that communication between the device and the cloud server is not encrypted. What is the most effective way to exploit this vulnerability?
A security analyst uses Zenmap to perform an ICMP timestamp ping scan to acquire information related to the current time from the target host machine.
Which of the following Zenmap options must the analyst use to perform the ICMP timestamp ping scan?
Louis, a professional hacker, had used specialized tools or search engines to encrypt all his browsing activity and navigate anonymously to obtain sensitive/hidden information about official government or federal databases. After gathering the information, he successfully performed an attack on the target government organization without being traced. Which of the following techniques is described in the above scenario?
How can rainbow tables be defeated?
Which of the following is a component of a risk assessment?
You receive an email prompting you to download “Antivirus 2010” software using a suspicious link. The software claims to provide protection but redirects you to an unknown site.
How will you determine if this is a Real or Fake Antivirus website?
If a tester is attempting to ping a target that exists but receives no response or a response that states the destination is unreachable, ICMP may be disabled and the network may be using TCP. Which other option could the tester use to get a response from a host using TCP?
joe works as an it administrator in an organization and has recently set up a cloud computing service for the organization. To implement this service, he reached out to a telecom company for providing Internet connectivity and transport services between the organization and the cloud service provider, in the NIST cloud deployment reference architecture, under which category does the telecom company fall in the above scenario?
You are the Network Admin, and you get a complaint that some of the websites are no longer accessible. You try to ping the servers and find them to be reachable. Then you type the IP address and then you try on the browser, and find it to be accessible. But they are not accessible when you try using the URL.
What may be the problem?
These hackers have limited or no training and know how to use only basic techniques or tools. What kind of hackers are we talking about?
What ports should be blocked on the firewall to prevent NetBIOS traffic from not coming through the firewall if your network is comprised of Windows NT, 2000, and XP?
John, a professional hacker, targeted an organization that uses LDAP for accessing distributed directory services. He used an automated tool to anonymously query the IDAP service for sensitive information such as usernames. addresses, departmental details, and server names to launch further attacks on the target organization.
What is the tool employed by John to gather information from the IDAP service?
What does the –oX flag do in an Nmap scan?
You are the lead cybersecurity analyst at a multinational corporation that uses a hybrid encryption system to secure inter-departmental communications. The system uses RSA encryption for key exchange and AES for data encryption, taking advantage of the strengths of both asymmetric and symmetric encryption. Each RSA
key pair has a size of 'n' bits, with larger keys providing more security at the cost of slower performance. The time complexity of generating an RSA key pair is O(n*2), and AES encryption has a time complexity of O(n). An attacker has developed a quantum algorithm with time complexity O((log n)*2) to crack RSA encryption. Given *n=4000' and variable ‘AES key size’, which scenario is likely to provide the best balance of security and
performance?
An IT company has just implemented new security controls to their network and system setup. As a Certified Ethical Hacker, your responsibility is to assess the possible vulnerabilities in the new setup. You are given the information that the network and system are adequately patched with the latest updates, and all employees have gone through recent cybersecurity awareness training. Considering the potential vulnerability sources,
what is the best initial approach to vulnerability assessment?
Steven connected his iPhone to a public computer that had been infected by Clark, an attacker. After establishing the connection with the public computer, Steven enabled iTunes WI-FI sync on the computer so that the device could continue communication with that computer even after being physically disconnected. Now, Clark gains access to Steven’s iPhone through the infected computer and is able to monitor and read all of Steven’s activity on the iPhone, even after the device is out of the communication zone.
Which of the following attacks is performed by Clark in above scenario?
A red team member uses an access token obtained from an Azure function to authenticate with Azure PowerShell and retrieve storage account keys. What kind of abuse does this scenario demonstrate?
Thomas, a cloud security professional, is performing security assessment on cloud services to identify any loopholes. He detects a vulnerability in a bare-metal cloud server that can enable hackers to implant malicious backdoors in its firmware. He also identified that an installed backdoor can persist even if the server is reallocated to new clients or businesses that use it as an IaaS.
What is the type of cloud attack that can be performed by exploiting the vulnerability discussed in the above scenario?
You have been authorized to perform a penetration test against a website. You want to use Google dorks to footprint the site but only want results that show file extensions. What Google dork operator would you use?
An LDAP directory can be used to store information similar to a SQL database. LDAP uses a _____ database structure instead of SQL’s _____ structure. Because of this, LDAP has difficulty representing many-to-one relationships.
Johnson, an attacker, performed online research for the contact details of reputed cybersecurity firms. He found the contact number of sibertech.org and dialed the number, claiming himself to represent a technical support team from a vendor. He warned that a specific server is about to be compromised and requested sibertech.org to follow the provided instructions. Consequently, he prompted the victim to execute unusual commands and install malicious files, which were then used to collect and pass critical Information to Johnson's machine. What is the social engineering technique Steve employed in the above scenario?
While assessing a web server, a tester sends malformed HTTP requests and compares responses to identify the server type and version. What technique is being employed?
An organization is performing a vulnerability assessment tor mitigating threats. James, a pen tester, scanned the organization by building an inventory of the protocols found on the organization's machines to detect which ports are attached to services such as an email server, a web server or a database server. After identifying the services, he selected the vulnerabilities on each machine and started executing only the relevant tests. What is the type of vulnerability assessment solution that James employed in the above scenario?
In an attempt to damage the reputation of a competitor organization, Hailey, a professional hacker, gathers a list of employee and client email addresses and other related information by using various search engines, social networking sites, and web spidering tools. In this process, she also uses an automated tool to gather a list of words from the target website to further perform a brute-force attack on the previously gathered email addresses.
What is the tool used by Hailey for gathering a list of words from the target website?
An attacker scans a host with the below command. Which three flags are set?
# nmap -sX host.domain.com
OpenSSL on Linux servers includes a command line tool for testing TLS. What is the name of the tool and the correct syntax to connect to a web server?
During a security evaluation of a smart agriculture setup, an analyst investigates a cloud-managed irrigation controller. The device is found to transmit operational commands and receive firmware updates over unencrypted HTTP. Additionally, it lacks mechanisms to verify the integrity or authenticity of those updates. This vulnerability could allow an adversary to intercept communications or inject malicious firmware, leading to unauthorized control over the device's behavior or denial of essential functionality. Which IoT threat category does this situation best illustrate?
A penetration tester is assessing an organization's cloud infrastructure and discovers misconfigured IAM policies on storage buckets. The IAM settings grant read and write permissions to any authenticated user. What is the most effective way to exploit this misconfiguration?
What type of virus is most likely to remain undetected by antivirus software?
Mike, a security engineer, was recently hired by BigFox Ltd. The company recently experienced disastrous DoS attacks. The management had instructed Mike to build defensive strategies for the company's IT infrastructure to thwart DoS/DDoS attacks. Mike deployed some countermeasures to handle jamming and scrambling attacks. What is the countermeasure Mike applied to defend against jamming and scrambling attacks?
Samuel, a professional hacker, monitored and Intercepted already established traffic between Bob and a host machine to predict Bob's ISN. Using this ISN, Samuel sent spoofed packets with Bob's IP address to the host machine. The host machine responded with <| packet having an Incremented ISN. Consequently. Bob's connection got hung, and Samuel was able to communicate with the host machine on behalf of Bob. What is the type of attack performed by Samuel in the above scenario?
A penetration tester targets a company's executive assistants by referencing upcoming board meetings in an email requesting access to confidential agendas. What is the most effective social engineering technique to obtain the necessary credentials without raising suspicion?
Henry Is a cyber security specialist hired by BlackEye - Cyber security solutions. He was tasked with discovering the operating system (OS) of a host. He used the Unkornscan tool to discover the OS of the target system. As a result, he obtained a TTL value, which Indicates that the target system is running a Windows OS. Identify the TTL value Henry obtained, which indicates that the target OS is Windows.
In the context of password security, a simple dictionary attack involves loading a dictionary file into a cracking application such as L0phtCrack or John the Ripper. The brute force method is slow but exhaustive. If you use both brute force and dictionary methods combined to vary words, what would you call such an attack?
“........is an attack type for a rogue Wi-Fi access point that appears to be a legitimate one offered on the premises, but actually has been set up to eavesdrop on wireless communications. It is the wireless version of the phishing scam. An attacker fools wireless users into connecting a laptop or mobile phone to a tainted hot-spot by posing as a legitimate provider. This type of attack may be used to steal the passwords of
unsuspecting users by either snooping the communication link or by phishing, which involves setting up a fraudulent web site and luring people there.”
Fill in the blank with appropriate choice.
Which of the following is considered an exploit framework and has the ability to perform automated attacks on services, ports, applications and unpatched security flaws in a computer system?
In Trojan terminology, what is a covert channel?
Study the snort rule given below and interpret the rule:
alert tcp any any --> 192.168.1.0/24 111 (content:"|00 01 86 a5|"; msg: "mountd access";)
What is the BEST alternative if you discover that a rootkit has been installed on one of your computers?
If a token and 4-digit personal identification number (PIN) are used to access a computer system and the token performs off-line checking for the correct PIN, what type of attack is possible?
Which of the following algorithms can be used to guarantee the integrity of messages being sent, in transit, or stored?
A penetration tester is assessing a company's HR department for vulnerability to social engineering attacks using knowledge of recruitment and onboarding processes. What is the most effective technique to obtain network access credentials without raising suspicion?
You want to analyze packets on your wireless network. Which program would you use?
Email is transmitted across the Internet using the Simple Mail Transport Protocol. SMTP does not encrypt email, leaving the information in the message vulnerable to being read by an unauthorized person. SMTP can upgrade a connection between two mail servers to use TLS. Email transmitted by SMTP over TLS is encrypted. What is the name of the command used by SMTP to transmit email over TLS?
By performing a penetration test, you gained access under a user account. During the test, you established a connection with your own machine via the SMB service and occasionally entered your login and password in plaintext.
Which file do you have to clean to clear the password?
The network administrator at Spears Technology, Inc has configured the default gateway Cisco router's access-list.
You successfully brute-force the SNMP community string using a SNMP crack tool.
The access-list prevents you from establishing a successful connection.
You want to retrieve the Cisco configuration from the router. How would you proceed?
Abel, a cloud architect, uses container technology to deploy applications/software including all its dependencies, such as libraries and configuration files, binaries, and other resources that run independently from other processes in the cloud environment. For the containerization of applications, he follows the five-tier container technology architecture. Currently. Abel is verifying and validating image contents, signing images, and sending them to the registries. Which of the following tiers of the container technology architecture Is Abel currently working in?
While scanning with Nmap, Patin found several hosts which have the IP ID of incremental sequences. He then decided to conduct: nmap -Pn -p- -si kiosk.adobe.com kiosk.adobe.com is the host with incremental IP ID sequence. What is the purpose of using "-si" with Nmap?
Attempting an injection attack on a web server based on responses to True/False QUESTION NO:s is called which of the following?
A post-breach forensic investigation revealed that a known vulnerability in Apache Struts was to blame for the Equifax data breach that affected 143 million customers. A fix was available from the software vendor for several months prior 10 the Intrusion. This Is likely a failure in which of the following security processes?
You have successfully logged on to a Linux system. You want to now cover your tracks. Your login attempt may be logged in several files located in /var/log. Which file does NOT belong to this list?
During testing against a network protected by a signature-based IDS, the tester notices that standard scans are blocked. To evade detection, the tester sends TCP headers split into multiple small IP fragments so the IDS cannot reassemble or interpret them, but the destination host can. What technique is being used?
A hacker has successfully infected an internet-facing server which he will then use to send junk mail, take part in coordinated attacks, or host junk email content. Which sort of trojan infects this server?
Tony is a penetration tester tasked with performing a penetration test. After gaining initial access to a target system, he finds a list of hashed passwords.
Which of the following tools would not be useful for cracking the hashed passwords?
What is the following command used for?
sqlmap.py -u " &forumaction=search" -dbs
Heather’s company has decided to use a new customer relationship management tool. After performing the appropriate research, they decided to purchase a subscription to a cloud-hosted solution. The only administrative task that Heather will need to perform is the management of user accounts. The provider will take care of the hardware, operating system, and software administration including patching and monitoring. Which of the following is this type of solution?
A hacker is an intelligent individual with excellent computer skills and the ability to explore a computer’s software and hardware without the owner’s permission. Their intention can either be to simply gain knowledge or to illegally make changes.
Which of the following class of hacker refers to an individual who works both offensively and defensively at various times?
A penetration tester evaluates the security of an iOS mobile application that handles sensitive user information. The tester discovers that the application is vulnerable to insecure data transmission. What is the most effective method to exploit this vulnerability?
Which of the following is a low-tech way of gaining unauthorized access to systems?
A penetration tester is tasked with gathering information about the subdomains of a target organization's website. The tester needs a versatile and efficient solution for the task. Which of the following options would be the most effective method to accomplish this goal?
What is the proper response for a NULL scan if the port is closed?
What is the proper response for a NULL scan if the port is open?
Which of the following commands checks for valid users on an SMTP server?
Log monitoring tools performing behavioral analysis have alerted several suspicious logins on a Linux server occurring during non-business hours. After further examination of all login activities, it is noticed that none of the logins have occurred during typical work hours. A Linux administrator who is investigating this problem realizes the system time on the Linux server is wrong by more than twelve hours. What protocol used on Linux servers to synchronize the time has stopped working?
Steve, an attacker, created a fake profile on a social media website and sent a request to Stella. Stella was enthralled by Steve's profile picture and the description given for his profile, and she initiated a conversation with him soon after accepting the request. After a few days. Sieve started asking about her company details and eventually gathered all the essential information regarding her company. What is the social engineering technique Steve employed in the above scenario?
Mason, a professional hacker, targets an organization and spreads Emotet malware through malicious script. After infecting the victim's device. Mason further used Emotet to spread the infection across local networks and beyond to compromise as many machines as possible. In this process, he used a tool, which is a self-extracting RAR file, to retrieve information related to network resources such as writable share drives. What is the tool employed by Mason in the above scenario?
You just set up a security system in your network. In what kind of system would you find the following string of characters used as a rule within its configuration?
alert tcp any any -> 192.168.100.0/24 21 (msg: “FTP on the network!”;)
Peter extracts the SIDs list from a Windows 2000 Server machine using the hacking tool "SIDExtractor". Here is the output of the SIDs:
[Image showing multiple user accounts with their Security Identifiers (SIDs)]
From the above list identify the user account with System Administrator privileges.
in this form of encryption algorithm, every Individual block contains 64-bit data, and three keys are used, where each key consists of 56 bits. Which is this encryption algorithm?
What is the role of test automation in security testing?
You are a security officer of a company. You had an alert from IDS that indicates that one PC on your Intranet is connected to a blacklisted IP address (C2 Server) on the Internet. The IP address was blacklisted just before the alert. You are starting an investigation to roughly analyze the severity of the situation. Which of the following is appropriate to analyze?
Fred is the network administrator for his company. Fred is testing an internal switch. From an external IP address, Fred wants to try and trick this switch into thinking it already has established a session with his computer. How can Fred accomplish this?
Clark, a professional hacker, attempted to perform a Btlejacking attack using an automated tool, Btlejack, and hardware tool, micro:bit. This attack allowed Clark to hijack, read, and export sensitive information shared between connected devices. To perform this attack, Clark executed various btlejack commands. Which of the following commands was used by Clark to hijack the connections?
Which of the following tools performs comprehensive tests against web servers, including dangerous files and CGIs?
In the process of footprinting a target website, an ethical hacker utilized various tools to gather critical information. The hacker encountered a target site where standard web spiders were ineffective due to a specific file in its root directory. However, they managed to uncover all the files and web pages on the target site, monitoring the resulting incoming and outgoing traffic while browsing the website manually. What technique did the hacker likely employ to achieve this?
There are multiple cloud deployment options depending on how isolated a customer's resources are from those of other customers. Shared environments share the costs and allow each customer to enjoy lower operations expenses. One solution Is for a customer to Join with a group of users or organizations to share a cloud environment. What is this cloud deployment option called?
An Intrusion Detection System (IDS) has alerted the network administrator to a possibly malicious sequence of packets sent to a Web server in the network’s external DMZ. The packet traffic was captured by the IDS and saved to a PCAP file.
What type of network tool can be used to determine if these packets are genuinely malicious or simply a false positive?
What does the following command in netcat do?
nc -l -u -p 55555 < /etc/passwd
Which of the following is not a Bluetooth attack?
A penetration tester is assessing a company’s vulnerability to advanced social engineering attacks targeting its legal department. Using detailed knowledge of mergers and legal proceedings, the tester crafts a highly credible pretext to deceive legal employees into sharing confidential case documents. What is the most effective technique?
A penetration tester needs to identify open ports and services on a target network without triggering the organization's intrusion detection systems, which are configured to detect high-volume traffic and common scanning techniques. To achieve stealth, the tester decides to use a method that spreads out the scan over an extended period. Which scanning technique should the tester employ to minimize the risk of detection?
A penetration tester is assessing a mobile application and discovers that the app is vulnerable to improper session management. The session tokens are not invalidated upon logout, allowing the tokens to be reused. What is the most effective way to exploit this vulnerability?
Boney, a professional hacker, targets an organization for financial benefits. He performs an attack by sending his session ID using an MITM attack technique. Boney first obtains a valid session ID by logging into a service and later feeds the same session 10 to the target employee. The session ID links the target employee to Boneys account page without disclosing any information to the victim. When the target employee clicks on the link, all the sensitive payment details entered in a form are linked to Boneys account. What is the attack performed by Boney in the above scenario?
PGP, SSL, and IKE are all examples of which type of cryptography?
During network analysis, clients are receiving incorrect gateway and DNS settings due to a rogue DHCP server. What security feature should the administrator enable to prevent this in the future?
During a red team assessment of an enterprise LAN environment, the tester discovers an access switch that connects multiple internal workstations. The switch has no port security measures in place. To silently intercept communication between different hosts without deploying ARP poisoning or modifying the routing table, the tester launches a MAC flooding attack using the macof utility from the dsniff suite. This command sends thousands of Ethernet frames per minute, each with random, spoofed source MAC addresses. Soon after the flooding begins, the tester puts their network interface into promiscuous mode and starts capturing packets. They observe unicast traffic between internal machines appearing in their packet sniffer—traffic that should have been isolated. What internal switch behavior is responsible for this sudden exposure of isolated traffic?
What is correct about digital signatures?
Henry is a penetration tester who works for XYZ organization. While performing enumeration on a client organization, he queries the DNS server for a specific cached DNS record. Further, by using this cached record, he determines the sites recently visited by the organization's user.
What is the enumeration technique used by Henry on the organization?
You are using a public Wi-Fi network inside a coffee shop. Before surfing the web, you use your VPN to prevent intruders from sniffing your traffic. If you did not have a VPN, how would you identify whether someone is performing an ARP spoofing attack on your laptop?
You are a Network Security Officer. You have two machines. The first machine (192.168.0.99) has Snort installed, and the second machine (192.168.0.150) has Kiwi Syslog installed. You perform a SYN scan in your network, and you notice that Kiwi Syslog is not receiving the alert message from Snort. You decide to run Wireshark on the Snort machine to check if the messages are going to the Kiwi Syslog machine. What Wireshark filter will show the connections from the Snort machine to Kiwi Syslog machine?
You are attempting to crack LM Manager hashes from a Windows 2000 SAM file. You will be using an LM brute-force hacking tool for decryption.
What encryption algorithm will you be decrypting?
Eric, a cloud security engineer, implements a technique for securing the cloud resources used by his organization. This technique assumes by default that a user attempting to access the network is not an authentic entity and verifies every incoming connection before allowing access to the network. Using this technique, he also imposed conditions such that employees can access only the resources required for their role.
What is the technique employed by Eric to secure cloud resources?
Study the following log extract and identify the attack.
[Image shows an HTTP GET request with encoded traversal strings, such as
A DDOS attack is performed at layer 7 to take down web infrastructure. Partial HTTP requests are sent to the web infrastructure or applications. Upon receiving a partial request, the target servers opens multiple connections and keeps waiting for the requests to complete.
Which attack is being described here?
A large e-commerce organization is planning to implement a vulnerability assessment solution to enhance its security posture. They require a solution that imitates the outside view of attackers, performs well-organized inference-based testing, scans automatically against continuously updated databases, and supports multiple networks. Given these requirements, which type of vulnerability assessment solution would be most appropriate?
A pen tester is configuring a Windows laptop for a test. In setting up Wireshark, what driver and library are required to allow the NIC to work in promiscuous mode?
An organization has been experiencing intrusion attempts despite deploying an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) and Firewalls. As a Certified Ethical Hacker, you are asked to reinforce the intrusion detection process and recommend a better rule-based approach. The IDS uses Snort rules and the new recommended tool should be able to complement it. You suggest using YARA rules with an additional tool for rule generation. Which of the
following tools would be the best choice for this purpose and why?
Bob, your senior colleague, has sent you a mail regarding a deal with one of the clients. You are requested to accept the offer and you oblige. After 2 days, Bab denies that he had ever sent a mail. What do you want to ““know”” to prove yourself that it was Bob who had send a mail?
Alice, a professional hacker, targeted an organization's cloud services. She infiltrated the targets MSP provider by sending spear-phishing emails and distributed custom-made malware to compromise user accounts and gain remote access to the cloud service. Further, she accessed the target customer profiles with her MSP account, compressed the customer data, and stored them in the MSP. Then, she used this information to launch further attacks on the target organization. Which of the following cloud attacks did Alice perform in the above scenario?
During a security assessment, an attacker identifies a flaw in a multi-user file system. The system first verifies access rights to a temporary file created by a user. However, immediately after this verification, and before the file is processed, the attacker manages to swap the original file with a malicious version. This manipulation happens in the brief interval between the system's access verification and the moment it handles the file, resulting in the malicious file being treated as legitimate. Which vulnerability is the attacker exploiting?
A penetration tester is tasked with assessing the security of a smart home IoT device that communicates with a mobile app over an unencrypted connection. The tester wants to intercept the communication and extract sensitive information. What is the most effective approach to exploit this vulnerability?
Which of the following tools are used for enumeration? (Choose three.)
A penetration tester is conducting an external assessment of a corporate web server. They start by accessing and observe multiple Disallow entries that reference directories such as /admin-panel/, /backup/, and /confidentialdocs/. When the tester directly visits these paths via a browser, they find that access is not restricted by authentication and gain access to sensitive files, including server configuration and unprotected credentials. Which stage of the web server attack methodology is demonstrated in this scenario?
Bob, a system administrator at TPNQM SA, concluded one day that a DMZ is not needed if he properly configures the firewall to allow access just to servers/ports, which can have direct internet access, and block the access to workstations.
Bob also concluded that DMZ makes sense just when a stateful firewall is available, which is not the case of TPNQM SA.
In this context, what can you say?
Gilbert, a web developer, uses a centralized web API to reduce complexity and increase the Integrity of updating and changing data. For this purpose, he uses a web service that uses HTTP methods such as PUT. POST. GET. and DELETE and can improve the overall performance, visibility, scalability, reliability, and portability of an application. What is the type of web-service API mentioned in the above scenario?
Which among the following is the best example of the hacking concept called "clearing tracks"?
You have successfully comprised a server having an IP address of 10.10.0.5. You would like to enumerate all machines in the same network quickly.
What is the best Nmap command you will use?
This type of injection attack does not show any error message. It is difficult to exploit as it returns information when the application is given SQL payloads that elicit a true or false response from the server. By observing the response, an attacker can extract sensitive information. What type of attack is this?
_________ is a type of phishing that targets high-profile executives such as CEOs, CFOs, politicians, and celebrities who have access to confidential and highly valuable information.
A penetration tester submits altered ciphertexts to a web server and pays close attention to how the server responds. When the server produces different error messages for certain inputs, the tester starts to infer which inputs result in valid internal processing. Which cryptanalytic method is being used in this scenario?
The network team has well-established procedures to follow for creating new rules on the firewall. This includes having approval from a manager prior to implementing any new rules. While reviewing the firewall configuration, you notice a recently implemented rule but cannot locate manager approval for it. What would be a good step to have in the procedures for a situation like this?
A "Server-Side Includes" attack refers to the exploitation of a web application by injecting scripts in HTML pages or executing arbitrary code remotely.
Which web-page file type, if it exists on the web server, is a strong indication that the server is vulnerable to this kind of attack?
An attacker has installed a RAT on a host. The attacker wants to ensure that when a user attempts to go to " ", the user is directed to a phishing site.
Which file does the attacker need to modify?
The tools which receive event logs from servers, network equipment, and applications, and perform analysis and correlation on those logs, and can generate alarms for security relevant issues, are known as what?
Study the Snort rule given below:
[Image shows two Snort rules with alert messages for NETBIOS DCERPC ISystemActivator bind attempt, targeting TCP ports 135 and 445. References include CVE: CAN-2003-0352.]
A penetration tester is hired by a company to assess its vulnerability to social engineering attacks targeting its IT department. The tester decides to use a sophisticated pretext involving technical jargon and insider information to deceive employees into revealing their network credentials. What is the most effective social engineering technique the tester should employ to maximize the chances of obtaining valid credentials without raising suspicion?
Which of the following tools is used to analyze the files produced by several packet-capture programs such as tcpdump, WinDump, Wireshark, and EtherPeek?
This TCP flag instructs the sending system to transmit all buffered data immediately.
A penetration tester is attacking a wireless network running WPA3 encryption. Since WPA3 handshake protections prevent offline brute-force cracking, what is the most effective approach?
A penetration tester identifies malware that monitors the activities of a user and secretly collects personal information, such as login credentials and browsing habits. What type of malware is this?
What is the least important information when you analyze a public IP address in a security alert?
Which DNS resource record can indicate how long any "DNS poisoning" could last?
Which of the following provides a security professional with most information about the system’s security posture?
During a security assessment of an internal network, a penetration tester discovers that UDP port 123 is open, indicating that the NTP service is active. The tester wants to enumerate NTP peers, check synchronization status, offset, and stratum levels. Which command should the tester use?
Which of the following are well-known password-cracking programs?
Which of the following best describes the role of a penetration tester?
You are a penetration tester working to test the user awareness of the employees of the client xyz. You harvested two employees' emails from some public sources and are creating a client-side backdoor to send it to the employees via email. Which stage of the cyber kill chain are you at?
Suppose your company has just passed a security risk assessment exercise. The results display that the risk of the breach in the main company application is 50%. Security staff has taken some measures and
implemented the necessary controls. After that, another security risk assessment was performed showing that risk has decreased to 10%. The risk threshold for the application is 20%. Which of the following risk decisions will be the best for the project in terms of its successful continuation with the most business profit?
John is investigating web-application firewall logs and observers that someone is attempting to inject the following:
char buff[10];
buff[>o] - 'a':
What type of attack is this?
A friend of yours tells you that he downloaded and executed a file that was sent to him by a coworker. Since the file did nothing when executed, he asks you for help because he suspects that he may have installed a Trojan on his computer.
What tests would you perform to determine whether his computer is infected?
In a vertical privilege escalation scenario, the attacker attempts to gain access to a user account with higher privileges than their current level. Which of the following examples describes vertical privilege escalation?
Windows LAN Manager (LM) hashes are known to be weak.
Which of the following are known weaknesses of LM? (Choose three.)
A multinational organization is implementing a security upgrade for its corporate wireless infrastructure. The current WPA2-Personal configuration relies on a shared passphrase, which the IT team finds difficult to rotate and manage securely across hundreds of employee devices. To enhance security and scalability, the organization decides to migrate to WPA2-Enterprise. The new setup must allow for centralized control of user authentication, support certificate-based identity verification, and ensure that each authenticated client is assigned a unique session encryption key to prevent key reuse and limit the blast radius of potential breaches.
Which component is essential for enabling this centralized, certificate-based authentication with unique key generation per session in a WPA2-Enterprise environment?
Which type of security feature stops vehicles from crashing through the doors of a building?
Jack, a disgruntled ex-employee of Incalsol Ltd., decided to inject fileless malware into Incalsol's systems. To deliver the malware, he used the current employees' email IDs to send fraudulent emails embedded with malicious links that seem to be legitimate. When a victim employee clicks on the link, they are directed to a fraudulent website that automatically loads Flash and triggers the exploit. What is the technique used byjack to launch the fileless malware on the target systems?
During a recent security assessment, you discover the organization has one Domain Name Server (DNS) in a Demilitarized Zone (DMZ) and a second DNS server on the internal network.
What is this type of DNS configuration commonly called?
An ethical hacker is testing the security of a website's database system against SQL Injection attacks. They discover that the IDS has a strong signature detection mechanism to detect typical SQL injection patterns.
Which evasion technique can be most effectively used to bypass the IDS signature detection while performing a SQL Injection attack?
Which of the following steps for risk assessment methodology refers to vulnerability identification?
Robert, a professional hacker, is attempting to execute a fault injection attack on a target IoT device. In this process, he injects faults into the power supply that can be used for remote execution, also causing the skipping of key instructions. He also injects faults into the clock network used for delivering a synchronized signal across the chip.
Which of the following types of fault injection attack is performed by Robert in the above scenario?
When considering how an attacker may exploit a web server, what is web server footprinting?
During a red team operation on a segmented enterprise network, the testers discover that the organization’s perimeter devices deeply inspect only connection-initiation packets (such as TCP SYN and HTTP requests). Response packets and ACK packets within established sessions, however, are minimally inspected. The red team needs to covertly transmit payloads to an internal compromised host by blending into normal session traffic. Which approach should they take to bypass these defensive mechanisms?
As an IT Security Analyst, you’ve been asked to review the security measures of an e-commerce website that relies on a SQL database for storing sensitive customer data. Recently, an anonymous tip has alerted you to a possible threat: a seasoned hacker who specializes in SQL Injection attacks may be targeting your system. The site already employs input validation measures to prevent basic injection attacks, and it blocks any user inputs containing suspicious patterns. However, this hacker is known to use advanced SQL Injection techniques. Given this situation, which of the following strategies would the hacker most likely adopt to bypass your security measures?
A penetration tester is assessing a company's executive team for vulnerability to sophisticated social engineering attacks by impersonating a trusted vendor and leveraging internal communications. What is the most effective social engineering technique to obtain sensitive executive credentials without being detected?
You are a cybersecurity consultant for a healthcare organization that utilizes Internet of Medical Things (loMT) devices, such as connected insulin pumps and heart rate monitors, to provide improved patientcare. Recently, the organization has been targeted by ransomware attacks. While the IT infrastructure was unaffected due to robust security measures, they are worried that the loMT devices could be potential entry points for future
attacks. What would be your main recommendation to protect these devices from such threats?
Which access control mechanism allows for multiple systems to use a central authentication server (CAS) that permits users to authenticate once and gain access to multiple systems?
Robin, a professional hacker, targeted an organization's network to sniff all the traffic. During this process.
Robin plugged in a rogue switch to an unused port in the LAN with a priority lower than any other switch in the network so that he could make it a root bridge that will later allow him to sniff all the traffic in the network.
What is the attack performed by Robin in the above scenario?
Which Nmap switch helps evade IDS or firewalls?
The security team of Debry Inc. decided to upgrade Wi-Fi security to thwart attacks such as dictionary attacks and key recovery attacks. For this purpose, the security team started implementing cutting-edge technology that uses a modern key establishment protocol called the simultaneous authentication of equals (SAE), also known as dragonfly key exchange, which replaces the PSK concept.
What is the Wi-Fi encryption technology implemented by Debry Inc.?
Tony wants to integrate a 128-bit symmetric block cipher with key sizes of 128, 192, or 256 bits into a software program, which involves 32 rounds of computational operations that include substitution and permutation operations on four 32-bit word blocks using 8-variable S-boxes with 4-bit entry and 4-bit exit.
Which of the following algorithms includes all the above features and can be integrated by Tony into the software program?
Which is the first step followed by Vulnerability Scanners for scanning a network?
Upon establishing his new startup, Tom hired a cloud service provider (CSP) but was dissatisfied with their service and wanted to move to another CSP.
What part of the contract might prevent him from doing so?
A penetration tester performs a vulnerability scan on a company's network and identifies a critical vulnerability related to an outdated version of a database server. What should the tester prioritize as the next step?
In both pharming and phishing attacks, an attacker can create websites that look similar to legitimate sites with the intent of collecting personal identifiable information from its victims.
What is the difference between pharming and phishing attacks?
User A is writing a sensitive email message to user B outside the local network. User A has chosen to use PKI to secure his message and ensure only user B can read the sensitive email. At what layer of the OSI layer does the encryption and decryption of the message take place?
A penetration tester finds that a web application does not properly validate user input and is vulnerable to reflected Cross-Site Scripting (XSS). What is the most appropriate approach to exploit this vulnerability?
You are tasked to configure the DHCP server to lease the last 100 usable IP addresses in subnet 10.1.4.0/23. Which of the following IP addresses could be leased as a result of the new configuration?
What term describes the amount of risk that remains after the vulnerabilities are classified and the countermeasures have been deployed?
Attacker Lauren has gained the credentials of an organization's internal server system, and she was often logging in during irregular times to monitor the network activities. The organization was skeptical about the login times and appointed security professional Robert to determine the issue. Robert analyzed the compromised device to find incident details such as the type of attack, its severity, target, impact, method of propagation, and vulnerabilities exploited. What is the incident handling and response (IH&R) phase, in which Robert has determined these issues?
Given the complexities of an organization’s network infrastructure, a threat actor has exploited an unidentified vulnerability, leading to a major data breach. As a Certified Ethical Hacker (CEH), you are tasked with enhancing
the organization's security stance. To ensure a comprehensive security defense, you recommend a certain security strategy. Which of the following best represents the strategy you would likely suggest and why?
Stella, a professional hacker, performs an attack on web services by exploiting a vulnerability that provides additional routing information in the SOAP header to support asynchronous communication. This further allows the transmission of web-service requests and response messages using different TCP connections. Which of the following attack techniques is used by Stella to compromise the web services?
During a covert red team engagement, a penetration tester is tasked with identifying live hosts in a target organization’s internal subnet (10.0.0.0/24) without triggering intrusion detection systems (IDS). To remain undetected, the tester opts to use the command nmap -sn -PE 10.0.0.0/24, which results in several "Host is up" responses, even though the organization’s IDS is tuned to detect high-volume scans. After the engagement, the client reviews the logs and is surprised that the scan was not flagged. What allowed the scan to complete without triggering alerts?
A penetration tester discovers malware on a system that disguises itself as legitimate software but performs malicious actions in the background. What type of malware is this?
Which of the following statements is FALSE with respect to Intrusion Detection Systems?
You are the chief security officer at AlphaTech, a tech company that specializes in data storage solutions. Your company is developing a new cloud storage platform where users can store their personal files. To ensure data security, the development team is proposing to use symmetric encryption for data at rest. However, they are unsure of how to securely manage and distribute the symmetric keys to users. Which of the following strategies
would you recommend to them?
A penetration tester completes a vulnerability scan showing multiple low-risk findings and one high-risk vulnerability tied to outdated server software. What should the tester prioritize as the next step?
Miley, a professional hacker, decided to attack a target organization's network. To perform the attack, she used a tool to send fake ARP messages over the target network to link her MAC address with the target system's IP address. By performing this, Miley received messages directed to the victim's MAC address and further used the tool to intercept, steal, modify, and block sensitive communication to the target system.
What is the tool employed by Miley to perform the above attack?
After an audit, the auditors Inform you that there is a critical finding that you must tackle Immediately. You read the audit report, and the problem is the service running on port 389. Which service Is this and how can you tackle the problem?
Cross-site request forgery involves:
An ethical hacker is hired to conduct a comprehensive network scan of a large organization that strongly suspects potential intrusions into their internal systems. The hacker decides to employ a combination of scanning tools to obtain a detailed understanding of the network. Which sequence of actions would provide the most comprehensive information about the network's status?
Jake, a network security specialist, is trying to prevent network-level session hijacking attacks in his company.
While studying different types of such attacks, he learns about a technique where an attacker inserts their machine into the communication between a client and a server, making it seem like the packets are flowing through the original path. This technique is primarily used to reroute the packets. Which of the following types of network-level session hijacking attacks is Jake studying?
During a cryptographic audit of a legacy system, a security analyst observes that an outdated block cipher is leaking key-related information when analyzing large sets of plaintext–ciphertext pairs. What approach might an attacker exploit here?
During a security assessment, a consultant investigates how the application handles requests from authenticated users. They discover that once a user logs in, the application does not verify the origin of subsequent requests. To exploit this, the consultant creates a web page containing a malicious form that submits a funds transfer request to the application. A logged-in user, believing the page is part of a promotional campaign, fills out the form and submits it. The application processes the request successfully without any reauthentication or user confirmation, completing the transaction under the victim’s session. Which session hijacking technique is being used in this scenario?
Mary, a penetration tester, has found password hashes in a client system she managed to breach. She needs to use these passwords to continue with the test, but she does not have time to find the passwords that correspond to these hashes. Which type of attack can she implement in order to continue?
Which of the following statements is TRUE?
Why are containers less secure than virtual machines?
Leverox Solutions hired Arnold, a security professional, for the threat intelligence process. Arnold collected information about specific threats against the organization. From this information, he retrieved contextual information about security events and incidents that helped him disclose potential risks and gain insight into attacker methodologies. He collected the information from sources such as humans, social media, and chat rooms as well as from events that resulted in cyberattacks. In this process, he also prepared a report that includes identified malicious activities, recommended courses of action, and warnings for emerging attacks. What is the type of threat intelligence collected by Arnold in the above scenario?
A company hires a hacker to test its network security by simulating real-world attacks. The hacker has permission and operates within legal boundaries. What is this type of hacker called?
What two conditions must a digital signature meet?
A penetration tester suspects that a web application's login form is vulnerable to SQL injection due to improper sanitization of user input. What is the most appropriate approach to test for SQL injection in the login form?
