Huawei H31-341_V2.5 Dumps

Gain of an Optical Amplifier (OA) measures how much the signal power is increased, typically expressed in decibels (dB), which is a standard unit for power ratios in optical systems.

QPSK uses four phase states, not two. Statement B incorrectly says it assigns two possible phase values, which describes BPSK, not QPSK. QPSK effectively doubles the bits per symbol compared to BPSK, reducing baud rate while maintaining data rate, but with four distinct phases.

SOTU denotes a single-OTU interface that supports one OTU channel, whereas MOTU denotes a multi-OTU interface capable of handling multiple OTU channels.

In burst mode, an OTUk_DEG alarm is triggered when bit errors cause signal degradation, even if the error count threshold isn’t crossed.

In burst mode, the alarm also occurs if the number of bit errors within the detection window exceeds the configured threshold.

The fixed attenuator is usually configured at the receive end, not the transmit end, to prevent the optical power at the receive end of an OTU (Optical Transport Unit) board from being excessively high. High optical power at the receiver can cause signal distortion or damage the receiver module. Configuring the attenuator at the receive end ensures that the incoming signal power is within the optimal sensitivity range of the receiver. Configuring attenuators at the transmit end is generally ineffective because it reduces power output before transmission, potentially reducing reach. This approach aligns with HCIP-Transmission best practices for optical power management and receiver protection.

Critical alarms indicate the most severe faults and must be addressed before major alarms to ensure system stability and availability.

Among the differences between MPLS-TP OAM and MPLS OAM, the interval for sending OAM packets is not changed by canceling 3.3 ms and 10 ms values (D). This means these intervals remain in place or are not the key differentiators. The other options (A, B, C) correctly describe differences such as packet formats, label alarms (AIS, RD1, UNEXPMEG), and added functions (CC, AIS, LB, LT) unique to MPLS-TP OAM. HCIP-Transmission materials clarify these differences to aid in understanding the enhanced OAM capabilities for transport profile MPLS networks.

An advantage that is not true about OTN (Optical Transport Network) is that it provides a maximum of five levels of nested or overlapped TCM (Trail Connection Monitoring) connection monitoring (C). In reality, OTN provides powerful out-of-band FEC (Forward Error Correction), wide service interface support (from 2 Mbit/s to 400 Gbit/s), and meets the Tbit/s bandwidth requirements using WDM, but TCM monitoring is more limited. HCIP-Transmission clarifies that OTN’s strengths lie in scalability, error correction, and flexible service mapping, rather than extensive nested TCM levels.

To prevent non-linear effects within dispersion compensation modules, the single-wavelength input power must not exceed –4 dBm.

A manual lock command prevents automatic switching.

Incorrect protection group parameters can disable failover.

If the protection channel is faulty, it cannot take over traffic.

PWE3 specifies two CES emulation modes: Structure-Agnostic TDM over Packet (SAToP) and Structure-aware TDM Circuit Emulation Service over PSN (CESoPSN). Circuit Emulation over Packet (CEP) is not defined within PWE3.

The OptiXtrans DC908 chassis supports both DC and AC power supply configurations, allowing it to operate as either a DC chassis or an AC chassis.

The Multiframe Alignment Signal (MFAS) is specifically defined to provide alignment across multiple OTUk/ODUk frames when overhead bytes span those frames, so it must be used for multiframe alignment.

With an initial RI1–RI2 difference of 2 dB and a 5 dB threshold, only when the active channel’s loss increases by 7 dB (to 3 dBm) while the standby remains at 8 dBm does the difference reach 5 dB and trigger switching.

Deleting a path at the NE or network layer on the NMS does not itself interrupt service; the NMS operation is purely administrative and does not tear down traffic forwarding.

The OptiXtrans E6600 and OptiX OSN 1800 series use a hierarchical system architecture divided into three layers: L0 (optical layer), L1 (multiplexing layer), and L2 (service layer). According to HCIP-Transmission documentation, the E6608T/E6616 and OptiX OSN 1800 II TP/OSN 1800 V Pro models implement the L0+L1+L2 architecture, providing comprehensive functionality across optical signal management, multiplexing, and client service handling. This architecture enables scalable, flexible, and efficient transmission systems supporting various services and network demands. Other options mention partial model sets or incorrect combinations, making option B the accurate statement reflecting the system architecture.

Ensuring the downstream OA’s input is within the specified range by first reducing upstream EVOA attenuation is the standard first step when output power falls short at minimum gain.

If adjusting the EVOA does not bring the OA’s output into spec, increasing the OA’s gain is the next appropriate action.

When the OA meets output requirements at its minimum gain setting, the preceding fiber’s incident power must be at or above the lower limit defined by the incident-power specifications.

Alarms prefixed with “SM” (Section Monitoring) - OTUk_SM_DEG and OTUk_SM_BDI - are specific to the OTUk section‐monitoring layer.

ROADM networking has several key characteristics. (B) Existing services are not affected while the network is being upgraded because ROADMs support in-service wavelength reconfiguration, allowing maintenance and upgrades without service interruption. (C) The power equalization function enables channel-level power equalization, which balances the optical power of each wavelength to ensure signal quality and stability. However, (A) While network maintenance efficiency is improved with ROADM, it is not guaranteed that wavelengths can always be efficiently modified without cost implications, and (D) network construction costs are generally higher due to advanced hardware requirements. HCIP-Transmission highlights these features to showcase ROADM’s role in flexible, resilient optical networking with minimal disruption.

The TNG2WSMD09 board is a 9-port wavelength selective multiplexer/demultiplexer for the Super C band and supports optical power adjustment and online optical power detection.

After powering on, ensure the fan tray’s FAN indicator shows steady green (normal operation), fans are spinning properly, and airflow through both upper and lower parts of the subrack is unobstructed to maintain adequate cooling.

Optical layer overhead alarm detection is implemented via the Optical Layer Overhead Out Of Service (OOS) mechanism. Alarms like R_LOS (Loss of Signal) and MUT_LOS (Multiple Loss of Signal) belong to the optical layer and are reported based on OOS detection. This approach helps isolate physical layer faults and informs higher layers for protection switching or maintenance. HCIP-Transmission emphasizes that OOS-based alarm detection is crucial for rapid fault localization and efficient network operation in optical transmission systems.

External faults (e.g., fiber cuts, connector issues) should be ruled out before investigating internal equipment faults.

Broader network-level checks (e.g., path continuity, OLP status) come before per-device NE diagnostics.

Isolate faults on individual wavelengths before examining the aggregated multi-wavelength transport.

An LSP (Label Switched Path) in MPLS is unidirectional, meaning traffic flows in one direction only. A bidirectional LSP would require two separate LSPs in opposite directions. Each LSP has a tunnel ID and involves at least one ingress and one egress node. This design allows for traffic engineering and efficient routing in MPLS networks. HCIP-Transmission clarifies that bidirectional communication is achieved through paired unidirectional LSPs, not a single bidirectional LSP, which is a common misconception.

The TMK1UNS5 is a universal OTN line board that operates in 100 G and 200 G line modes and supports hybrid OTN/SDH/packet mapping (including ODU0, ODU1, ODU2/2e, ODU3, ODU4, and ODUflex) as well as FEC, OSC, and 1+1 protection. Its published “Functions and Features” do not include an electrical 3R regeneration mode, so it cannot be used as a regenerator.

Standard mode reduces the number of visible mapping layers by hiding internal ODU-layer paths compared to compatibility mode.

By collapsing internal mappings, standard mode simplifies configuration and lowers maintenance effort.

In standard mode the NMS displays only channel- or physical-port level mappings, with all ODU-layer mappings aggregated at the port view.

When a GE (Gigabit Ethernet) service is encapsulated into an OTN frame or an SDH frame structure, the client-side alarms reported are not different; they are consistent regardless of the encapsulation method. This consistency ensures reliable fault detection and service monitoring across different transport technologies. HCIP-Transmission specifies that client alarms depend on service and interface definitions rather than the underlying framing, ensuring seamless interoperability and troubleshooting in multi-protocol environments.

In tributary SNCP (Subnetwork Connection Protection), the cross-connect granularity is not “GFor Any.” Instead, it is more granular, typically at the service or board level. (D) is false because SNCP protection requires specific configurations to selectively protect client services, using dual-fed and selective receiving functions in electrical cross-connections. Trigger conditions include board detection failures, SF (Signal Fail), and SD (Signal Degrade) occurrences. HCIP-Transmission details these conditions and protection mechanisms, emphasizing the precise granularity and protection scope of tributary SNCP.

In an outloop (external loopback), the transmitted signal is sent out of the NE and then looped back into its receive port, so signals flow into the local WDM NE.

Hardware loopback on optical ports uses pigtail jumpers, and on electrical ports uses self-loop cables, both performed manually.

When performing optical hardware loopback, adding an optical attenuator is necessary to prevent excessive return power from damaging the transmitter.

A TTI mismatch in the PM layer generates TTI and TIM alarms but does not constitute a loss of frame alignment, so ODUk_PM_LOF is not reported.

An inserted ODUk_PM_LCK overhead is transparently forwarded downstream rather than reported or converted into another alarm.

R_LOS, R_LOF, R_OOF, and MUT_LOS all indicate loss of signal or framing, which directly interrupts service delivery.