Artificial Intelligence Governance Professional Questions and Answers
According to the GDPR, an individual has the right to have a human confirm or replace an automated decision unless that automated decision?
CASE STUDY
Please use the following answer the next question:
ABC Corp, is a leading insurance provider offering a range of coverage options to individuals. ABC has decided to utilize artificial intelligence to streamline and improve its customer acquisition and underwriting process, including the accuracy and efficiency of pricing policies.
ABC has engaged a cloud provider to utilize and fine-tune its pre-trained, general purpose large language model (“LLM”). In particular, ABC intends to use its historical customer data—including applications, policies, and claims—and proprietary pricing and risk strategies to provide an initial qualification assessment of potential customers, which would then be routed tA. human underwriter for final review.
ABC and the cloud provider have completed training and testing the LLM, performed a readiness assessment, and made the decision to deploy the LLM into production. ABC has designated an internal compliance team to monitor the model during the first month, specifically to evaluate the accuracy, fairness, and reliability of its output. After the first month in production, ABC realizes that the LLM declines a higher percentage of women's loan applications due primarily to women historically receiving lower salaries than men.
Each of the following steps would support fairness testing by the compliance team during the first month in production EXCEPT?
Scenario:
A company using AI for resume screening understands the risks of algorithmic bias and the evolving legal requirements across jurisdictions. It wants to implement the right governance controls to prevent reputational damage from misuse of the AI hiring tool.
Which of the following measures should the company adopt to best mitigate its risk of reputational harm from using the AI tool?
Each of the following actors are typically engaged in the Al development life cycle EXCEPT?
CASE STUDY
Please use the following answer the next question:
ABC Corp, is a leading insurance provider offering a range of coverage options to individuals. ABC has decided to utilize artificial intelligence to streamline and improve its customer acquisition and underwriting process, including the accuracy and efficiency of pricing policies.
ABC has engaged a cloud provider to utilize and fine-tune its pre-trained, general purpose large language model (“LLM”). In particular, ABC intends to use its historical customer data—including applications, policies, and claims—and proprietary pricing and risk strategies to provide an initial qualification assessment of potential customers, which would then be routed a human underwriter for final review.
ABC and the cloud provider have completed training and testing the LLM, performed a readiness assessment, and made the decision to deploy the LLM into production. ABC has designated an internal compliance team to monitor the model during the first month, specifically to evaluate the accuracy, fairness, and reliability of its output. After the first month in production, ABC realizes that the LLM declines a higher percentage of women's loan applications due primarily to women historically receiving lower salaries than men.
What is the best strategy to mitigate the bias uncovered in the loan applications?
Scenario:
An enterprise is evaluating multiple third-party generative AI tools to integrate into its platform. As part of its AI governance policy, it is assessing the most effective methods to reduce risks related to bias, data misuse, and liability when using third-party solutions.
All of the following are commonly adopted processes and policies in reducing potential risks introduced by third-party AI tools or applications EXCEPT:
What is the primary reason the EU is considering updates to its Product Liability Directive?
CASE STUDY
A global marketing agency is adapting a large language model ("LLM") to generate content for an upcoming marketing campaign for a client's new product: a hard hat designed for construction workers of any gender to better protect them from head injuries.
The marketing agency is accessing the LLM through an application programming interface ("API") developed by a third-party technology company. They want to generate text to be used for targeted advertising communications that highlight the benefits of the hard hat to potential purchasers. Both the marketing agency and the technology company have taken reasonable steps to address Al governance.
The marketing company has:
• Entered into a contract with the technology company with suitable representations and warranties.
• Completed an impact assessment on the LLM for this intended use.
• Built technical guidance on how to measure and mitigate bias in the LLM.
• Enabled technical aspects of transparency, explainability, robustness and privacy.
• Followed applicable regulatory requirements.
• Created specific legal statements and disclosures regarding the use of the Al on its client's advertising.
The technology company has:
• Provided guidance and resources to developers to address environmental concerns.
• Build technical guidance on how to measure and mitigate bias in the LLM.
• Provided tools and resources to measure bias specific to the LLM.
• Enabled technical aspects of transparency, explainability, robustness and privacy.
• Mapped and mitigated potential societal harms and large-scale impacts.
• Followed applicable regulatory requirements and industry standards.
• Created specific legal statements and disclosures regarding the LLM. including with respect to IP and rights to data.
Which stakeholder is responsible for the lawful collection of data used to train the foundational AI model?
Machine learning is best described as a type of algorithm by which?
Which of the following is a foundational characteristic of effective AI governance?
What is the key feature of Graphical Processing Units (GPUs) that makes them well-suited to running Al applications?
CASE STUDY
Please use the following answer the next question:
Good Values Corporation (GVC) is a U.S. educational services provider that employs teachers to create and deliver enrichment courses for high school students. GVC has learned that many of its teacher employees are using generative Al to create the enrichment courses, and that many of the students are using generative Al to complete their assignments.
In particular, GVC has learned that the teachers they employ used open source large language models (“LLM”) to develop an online tool that customizes study questions for individual students. GVC has also discovered that an art teacher has expressly incorporated the use of generative Al into the curriculum to enable students to use prompts to create digital art.
GVC has started to investigate these practices and develop a process to monitor any use of generative Al, including by teachers and students, going forward.
All of the following may be copyright risks from teachers using generative Al to create course content EXCEPT?
Which of the following are not considered biometric data under U.S. privacy laws?
Which of the following most encourages accountability over Al systems?
CASE STUDY
Please use the following answer the next question:
XYZ Corp., a premier payroll services company that employs thousands of people globally, is embarking on a new hiring campaign and wants to implement policies and procedures to identify and retain the best talent. The new talent will help the company's product team expand its payroll offerings to companies in the healthcare and transportation sectors, including in Asia.
It has become time consuming and expensive for HR to review all resumes, and they are concerned that human reviewers might be susceptible to bias.
Address these concerns, the company is considering using a third-party Al tool to screen resumes and assist with hiring. They have been talking to several vendors about possibly obtaining a third-party Al-enabled hiring solution, as long as it would achieve its goals and comply with all applicable laws.
The organization has a large procurement team that is responsible for the contracting of technology solutions. One of the procurement team's goals is to reduce costs, and it often prefers lower-cost solutions. Others within the company are responsible for integrating and deploying technology solutions into the organization's operations in a responsible, cost-effective manner.
The organization is aware of the risks presented by Al hiring tools and wants to mitigate them. It also questions how best to organize and train its existing personnel to use the Al hiring tool responsibly. Their concerns are heightened by the fact that relevant laws vary across jurisdictions and continue to change.
Which of the following measures should XYZ adopt to best mitigate its risk of reputational harm from using the Al tool?
Under the Canadian Artificial Intelligence and Data Act, when must the Minister of Innovation, Science and Industry be notified about a high-impact Al system?
According to the GDPR, what is an effective control to prevent a determination based solely on automated decision-making?
Scenario:
An organization is developing a powerful general-purpose AI (GPAI) model that has systemic impact. The compliance team is assessing what legal obligations apply under the EU AI Act.
Under the EU AI Act, which of the following compliance actions applies only to General Purpose AI models with systemic risk?
Random forest algorithms are in what type of machine learning model?
CASE STUDY
Please use the following answer the next question:
XYZ Corp., a premier payroll services company that employs thousands of people globally, is embarking on a new hiring campaign and wants to implement policies and procedures to identify and retain the best talent. The new talent will help the company's product team expand its payroll offerings to companies in the healthcare and transportation sectors, including in Asia.
It has become time consuming and expensive for HR to review all resumes, and they are concerned that human reviewers might be susceptible to bias.
Address these concerns, the company is considering using a third-party Al tool to screen resumes and assist with hiring. They have been talking to several vendors about possibly obtaining a third-party Al-enabled hiring solution, as long as it would achieve its goals and comply with all applicable laws.
The organization has a large procurement team that is responsible for the contracting of technology solutions. One of the procurement team's goals is to reduce costs, and it often prefers lower-cost solutions. Others within the company are responsible for integrating and deploying technology solutions into the organization's operations in a responsible, cost-effective manner.
The organization is aware of the risks presented by Al hiring tools and wants to mitigate them. It also questions how best to organize and train its existing personnel to use the Al hiring tool responsibly. Their concerns are heightened by the fact that relevant laws vary across jurisdictions and continue to change.
Which other stakeholder groups should be involved in the selection and implementation of the Al hiring tool?
Training data is best defined as a subset of data that is used to?
When monitoring the functional performance of a model that has been deployed into production, all of the following are concerns EXCEPT?
An artist has been using an Al tool to create digital art and would like to ensure that it has copyright protection in the United States.
Which of the following is most likely to enable the artist to receive copyright protection?
What is the main purpose of accountability structures under the Govern function of the NIST Al Risk Management Framework?
Which of the following would be the least likely step for an organization to take when designing an integrated compliance strategy for responsible Al?
Which of the following Al uses is best described as human-centric?
You are an engineer that developed an Al-based ad recommendation tool.
Which of the following should be monitored to evaluate the tool’s effectiveness?
The planning phase of the Al life cycle articulates all of the following EXCEPT the?
CASE STUDY
Please use the following answer the next question:
A mid-size US healthcare network has decided to develop an Al solution to detect a type of cancer that is most likely arise in adults. Specifically, the healthcare network intends to create a recognition algorithm that will perform an initial review of all imaging and then route records a radiologist for secondary review pursuant agreed-upon criteria (e.g., a confidence score below a threshold).
To date, the healthcare network has taken the following steps: defined its Al ethical principles: conducted discovery to identify the intended uses and success criteria for the system: established an Al governance committee; assembled a broad, crossfunctional team with clear roles and responsibilities; and created policies and procedures to document standards, workflows, timelines and risk thresholds during the project.
The healthcare network intends to retain a cloud provider to host the solution and a consulting firm to help develop the algorithm using the healthcare network's existing data and de-identified data that is licensed from a large US clinical research partner.
Which stakeholder group is most important in selecting the specific type of algorithm?
The White House Executive Order from November 2023 requires companies that develop dual-use foundation models to provide reports to the federal government about all of the following EXCEPT?
Which of the following elements of feature engineering is most important to mitigate the potential bias in an Al system?
What is the technique to remove the effects of improperly used data from an ML system?
Which of the following steps occurs in the design phase of the Al life cycle?
During the development of semi-autonomous vehicles, various failures occurred as a result of the sensors misinterpreting environmental surroundings, such as sunlight.
These failures are an example of?
CASE STUDY
Please use the following answer the next question:
A local police department in the United States procured an Al system to monitor and analyze social media feeds, online marketplaces and other sources of public information to detect evidence of illegal activities (e.g., sale of drugs or stolen goods). The Al system works by surveilling the public sites in order to identify individuals that are likely to have committed a crime. It cross-references the individuals against data maintained by law enforcement and then assigns a percentage score of the likelihood of criminal activity based on certain factors like previous criminal history, location, time, race and gender.
The police department retained a third-party consultant assist in the procurement process, specifically to evaluate two finalists. Each of the vendors provided information about their system's accuracy rates, the diversity of their training data and how their system works. The consultant determined that the first vendor’s system has a higher accuracy rate and based on this information, recommended this vendor to the police department.
The police department chose the first vendor and implemented its Al system. As part of the implementation, the department and consultant created a usage policy for the system, which includes training police officers on how the system works and how to incorporate it into their investigation process.
The police department has now been using the Al system for a year. An internal review has found that every time the system scored a likelihood of criminal activity at or above 90%, the police investigation subsequently confirmed that the individual had, in fact, committed a crime. Based on these results, the police department wants to forego investigations for cases where the Al system gives a score of at least 90% and proceed directly with an arrest.
What is the best reason the police department should continue to perform investigations even if the Al system scores an individual's likelihood of criminal activity at or above 90%?
What is the term for an algorithm that focuses on making the best choice achieve an immediate objective at a particular step or decision point, based on the available information and without regard for the longer-term best solutions?
CASE STUDY
Please use the following answer the next question:
A mid-size US healthcare network has decided to develop an Al solution to detect a type of cancer that is most likely arise in adults. Specifically, the healthcare network intends to create a recognition algorithm that will perform an initial review of all imaging and then route records a radiologist for secondary review pursuant Agreed-upon criteria (e.g., a confidence score below a threshold).
To date, the healthcare network has taken the following steps: defined its Al ethical principles: conducted discovery to identify the intended uses and success criteria for the system: established an Al governance committee; assembled a broad, crossfunctional team with clear roles and responsibilities; and created policies and procedures to document standards, workflows, timelines and risk thresholds during the project.
The healthcare network intends to retain a cloud provider to host the solution and a consulting firm to help develop the algorithm using the healthcare network's existing data and de-identified data that is licensed from a large US clinical research partner.
Which of the following steps can best mitigate the possibility of discrimination prior to training and testing the Al solution?
After completing model testing and validation, which of the following is the most important step that an organization takes prior to deploying the model into production?
Testing data is defined as a subset of data that is used to?
