SAVE International CVS Dumps

The correct answer is A . Brainwriting is an idea-generation technique in which participants first develop ideas individually and silently in written form before the ideas are shared, reviewed, or expanded by the group. This fits the Creativity Phase because the purpose of that phase is to generate a quantity of ideas related to alternative ways of performing required functions. The SAVE Study Guide identifies the Creative Phase purpose as generating “a quantity of ideas” and asks the fundamental question: “How else may the functions be performed?” It also emphasizes establishing rules that protect the creative environment and using group idea-stimulation techniques. ( )

Option B describes verbal brainstorming, not brainwriting. Option C is incorrect because feasibility screening belongs later in the Evaluation Phase; limiting ideas during creativity suppresses innovation. Option D contains a partial brainwriting concept, because some brainwriting methods allow participants to build on others’ ideas, but the wording “instead of developing their own” is too restrictive and does not represent the core method. Brainwriting begins with silent individual idea capture.

References/topics: Creativity Phase; Idea Generation; Creativity Ground Rules; Group Idea-Stimulation Techniques; Brainwriting.

The correct sequence is shock, defensive retreat, acknowledgement, adaptation to change . In Value Methodology, proposed alternatives often challenge existing assumptions, designs, ownership positions, or organizational habits. Therefore, resistance to change must be anticipated and managed as part of facilitation, presentation, and implementation. The CVS study material places team building and facilitation knowledge within the areas of team dynamics, consensus building, habits, attitudes, creativity roadblocks, and effective presentation. ( )

The first reaction to significant change is usually shock , where stakeholders are surprised or unsettled by the proposed departure from the current approach. This is followed by defensive retreat , where individuals may protect the original concept, defend prior decisions, or resist the implication that improvement is possible. The next stage is acknowledgement , where stakeholders begin to recognize the validity of the new information, value alternative, or improvement opportunity. Finally, adaptation to change occurs when the organization accepts the revised direction and begins integrating it into practice. This aligns with VM implementation guidance, where accepted alternatives must be planned, committed to, tracked, and embedded into the organization. ( )

References/topics: VM Facilitation and Team Dynamics; Change Management Strategies; Presentation Phase; Implementation Activities; Team Dynamics.

The correct answers are B, D, and E . An Implementation Form is used after VM proposals have been developed, presented, reviewed, and moved into disposition or execution tracking. Its purpose is to identify each accepted or pending value alternative clearly enough that management, the project team, and follow-up reviewers can track what proposal is being implemented, who developed or owns it, and how it will be handled.

The SAVE International Study Guide describes Implementation Activities as ensuring accepted value alternatives are implemented and that projected benefits are realized. It further identifies activities such as conducting an implementation meeting, determining the disposition of each value alternative, establishing action plans, obtaining commitments, setting timeframes, tracking value achievement, and validating benefits. ( )

Therefore, an implementation form normally requires traceable proposal identifiers: the VM proposal number , the title of the VM proposal , and the developer or originator/responsible party . These fields allow each proposal to be tracked from study recommendation through acceptance, rejection, modification, and completion. A creative idea list belongs to the Creativity Phase record, not implementation tracking. Risk impacts may support development or recommendation documentation, but they are not as fundamental as proposal identity and responsibility fields on the implementation form.

References/topics: Implementation Phase; VM Proposal Tracking; Action Plans; Follow-Up; Value Study Recommendation Documentation.

The correct answers are A. Cost and D. Innovation . In the CVS®/Value Methodology program-management context, a balanced scorecard is used to measure organizational or program performance from more than one viewpoint, rather than judging success only by a single financial result. The traditional balanced scorecard framework includes financial, customer, internal process, and innovation/learning perspectives. Kaplan and Norton’s original balanced scorecard concept includes an innovation and learning perspective, which makes Innovation a direct match. ( Harvard Business Review )

Cost is also acceptable because it represents the financial perspective of the scorecard. Financial measures commonly include cost, profit, expense control, return, and other resource-based measures. ACCA explains the financial perspective as measuring traditional financial performance, including costs and related financial indicators. ( ACCA Global )

Design is incorrect because it is a technical or product-development activity, not a balanced scorecard perspective. Marketing is also incorrect because it may support customer strategy, but the actual scorecard perspective is normally called the customer perspective , not marketing. Therefore, the best two answers from the given options are Cost and Innovation .

References/topics: VM Programs; Balanced Scorecard; Financial/Cost Perspective; Innovation and Learning Perspective; Program Performance Measurement.

The correct answers are B. Maintenance, C. Production, and E. Engineering . The question is focused on how adding a new product will affect the current manufacturing process , so input must come from the functions that directly understand equipment capability, production workflow, process design, downtime risk, maintainability, tooling, tolerances, and operational constraints. SAVE’s Value Methodology Standard specifically states that VM can be applied to manufacturing processes , and that the Value Study Team should be a multidisciplinary group of experienced professionals and project stakeholders selected based on their expertise and experience with the project.

Production is essential because it understands line capacity, sequencing, labor flow, bottlenecks, cycle time, quality impact, and daily operating constraints. Maintenance is essential because a new product may require equipment changes, additional preventive maintenance, setup changes, spare parts, downtime planning, or reliability analysis. Engineering is essential because it understands product design, process capability, manufacturing methods, fixtures, tooling, specifications, and technical feasibility.

Marketing may provide market demand or customer preference input, but that is not the best answer when the question narrows the issue to the existing manufacturing process. Human resources may support staffing or training later, but it is not one of the three primary technical process stakeholders.

References/topics: Multidisciplinary Team; Stakeholder Expertise; Manufacturing Process VM; Team Composition.

The correct matches are FAST Diagram = Describes the purpose of the study subject and Flowchart = Describes the activities of the study subject . In Value Methodology, a FAST diagram is not an activity map. It is a function model. SAVE’s Study Guide defines a function as the original intent or purpose that a product, service, or process is expected to perform, expressed in active verb/measurable noun form. It also defines FAST as a graphical representation of dependent relationships between functions within a project. Therefore, FAST is used to understand the functional purpose and how functions logically relate through “how/why” thinking.

A flowchart is different. It represents process flow: the sequence of activities, steps, or operations used by the study subject. SAVE’s glossary defines a process as a sequence of activities that delivers a product or project. That aligns directly with the option “Describes the activities of the study subject.”

“Identifies flaws” is too narrow; defects may be discovered during analysis, but that is not the defining purpose of either tool. “Prioritizes activities” is also incorrect because prioritization normally belongs to evaluation or decision methods, not basic FAST or flowchart definition.

References/topics: Function Analysis Phase; FAST Diagramming; Function Modeling; Process Flowchart; How-Why Logic.

The correct answers are A. List VM proposals developed and C. Focus the report on the major VM proposals . In the Presentation Phase, the VM study report must document the results of the study in a clear, decision-oriented format. The report should identify the VM proposals developed during the Development Phase, including the recommended change, basis of comparison, cost effect, value improvement, advantages, disadvantages, and implementation considerations. Listing the developed proposals gives decision makers a complete record of the team’s actionable outputs.

However, an effective report should not become a raw archive of every discussion, idea, or technical detail. It should focus attention on the major VM proposals that offer meaningful value improvement and require management review or approval. This aligns with the Presentation Phase purpose: to communicate developed alternatives clearly and obtain concurrence for implementation.

Option B is less appropriate because the methodology may be summarized, but an overly detailed methodology section can distract from the proposals and decisions required. Option D is incorrect because technical terminology should be controlled and audience-appropriate; excessive jargon weakens communication.

References/topics: Presentation Phase; VM Study Report; Development Phase; VM Proposals; Decision-Maker Communication.

The correct answers are A, C, and E . In Value Methodology, an unwanted function is a negative or undesirable function created by the selected design approach, process method, or operating solution. The SAVE glossary defines an unwanted function as one identified by the customer, user, or stakeholder as undesirable and caused by the approach used to achieve the subject’s purpose. The SAVE Value Methodology Standard similarly classifies it as a negative secondary function caused by the method used to achieve the basic function, such as heat generated by lighting that then requires cooling. ( UW Courses )

Therefore, C is correct because unwanted functions are typically byproducts of how another required or basic function is performed. A is correct because these negative functions can reduce performance, quality, reliability, safety, or user satisfaction. E is correct because unwanted functions consume resources through added mitigation, maintenance, energy, rework, or corrective measures.

Option D is incorrect because Value Index is used broadly in Function Analysis to compare cost and worth and select improvement opportunities, not to define unwanted functions. ( UW Courses ) Option B is too broad; unwanted functions may become targets for elimination, but that is not their defining characteristic.

References/topics: Function Analysis Phase; Function Classification; Secondary Functions; Unwanted Functions; Function Cost and Worth.

The correct answer is B . FAST stands for Function Analysis System Technique. SAVE defines a FAST diagram as a graphical representation of dependent relationships of functions within a project, product, or process. The diagram uses logical relationships such as “How,” “Why,” and “When” to organize functions. It is a core Function Analysis tool because it forces the team to examine why functions exist, how they are accomplished, and which functions lie on the critical function logic path.

Option A is incorrect because schedule networks belong to project scheduling, not function modeling. Option C is wrong because cost spreadsheets may support resource analysis, but they do not show functional dependency logic. Option D is a procurement management artifact. FAST is valuable because it shifts the team from objects and components to function relationships. This enables better creativity because the team can ask, “How else can we perform this function?” rather than merely asking, “How can we make this component cheaper?”

References/topics: FAST Diagram; Function Analysis System Technique; How-Why Logic.

1. Review information → 2. Create matrix or table → 3. List elements or components → 4. Brainstorm functions → 5. Identify basic function(s)

The correct sequence follows the Function Analysis Phase logic used in Value Methodology. The team must first review information so that the subject under study is understood before any function statements are generated. SAVE’s VMF curriculum places Random Function Identification directly within the Function Analysis Phase, after defining functions and before FAST diagramming and function-resource matrices. ( SAVE International Online Courses )

After reviewing the available data, the facilitator creates a matrix or table to organize the analysis. The team then lists the physical or process elements/components being examined. Once the elements are visible, the team can brainstorm functions using the required active verb and measurable noun format. SAVE’s Value Methodology Standard states that the Function Analysis Phase begins by identifying and defining work and sell functions using active verbs and measurable nouns, and notes that this is often called Random Function Definition . ( courses.washington.edu )

The final step is to identify the basic function(s) because basic-function classification can only be done after candidate functions have been generated. This aligns with the Standard’s sequence: define functions first, then classify them as basic or secondary. ( courses.washington.edu )

References/topics: Function Analysis Phase; Random Function Identification; Function Definition; Basic Function Classification.

The correct answers are A. Efficiency and D. Scalability . In the Evaluation Phase, the VM team uses structured criteria to screen and rank creative ideas based on their ability to improve value while still delivering the required functions. SAVE’s Value Methodology Standard defines VM as a systematic process used by a multidisciplinary team to improve value through function analysis, and it confirms that VM applies not only to products and construction projects but also to business procedures, services, manufacturing processes, and business plans . ( )

For a business process study , typical evaluation criteria focus on how well an alternative improves process performance. Efficiency is a primary criterion because business-process alternatives are commonly judged by cycle time, resource use, duplication reduction, workflow simplification, and productivity. Scalability is also typical because the improved process should remain effective as transaction volume, users, locations, or organizational complexity increase.

Environmental impact may be valid in sustainability-driven studies, construction, or product/process engineering, but it is not a typical core criterion for a general business-process VM study. Maintenance is more typical for physical assets, facilities, equipment, or technical systems. The Evaluation Phase specifically selects ideas that offer value improvement while considering performance requirements and resource limits. ( )

References/topics: Evaluation Phase; Business Process Study; Evaluation Criteria; ; Scalability; Value Improvement.

The correct answers are A and D . When a VM study team struggles to complete a FAST diagram, the facilitator should guide the team through questioning, not take control of the technical work. Asking whether a function is missing is an appropriate facilitation technique because a break in the How/Why logic often means the team has skipped a needed function, used an unclear verb-noun statement, or failed to connect a supporting function to a higher-order function. This keeps ownership with the team while helping them complete the logic chain.

Reviewing the level of abstraction is also correct. FAST diagramming requires functions to be placed at the right level: not too broad, not too detailed, and consistent with the project scope. If one function is stated at a strategic level and another at a component-detail level, the FAST diagram becomes difficult to organize.

Option B is incorrect because the facilitator should not reorganize the functions for the team; that weakens team participation and ownership. Option C is incorrect because not every identified function must appear in the final FAST diagram. Only functions that support the logical function model should be used.

References/topics: Function Analysis Phase; FAST Diagramming; Facilitation; Function Logic; Level of Abstraction.

The correct answers are B, D, and E . The VM study report is a formal communication tool prepared after the study to document the study process, findings, developed proposals, expected benefits, implementation considerations, and decision-support information. Therefore, the status of the VM study subject must be considered because the report should reflect the current condition, design stage, project phase, constraints, assumptions, and decisions affecting the subject.

The report must also focus on the typical audience of stakeholders and project managers . These readers need clear, usable information to understand the value opportunities, proposal rationale, cost/performance impacts, and implementation requirements. The report should support management action, not simply record technical discussion.

Option E is also correct because the report should be understandable to people who were not directly involved in the VM study . A good VM report allows future reviewers, decision makers, implementation teams, and auditors to understand what was studied, what alternatives were recommended, and why.

Option A is incorrect because “non-study focus groups” are not a primary consideration in preparing the study report. Option C is incorrect because excessive technical language can reduce clarity; the report should be clear, concise, and audience-focused.

References/topics: Presentation Phase; VM Study Report; Stakeholder Communication; Proposal Documentation; Decision Support.

The correct answer is F: Specific, Measurable, Attainable, Relevant, and Timebound . In Value Methodology, SMART thinking is used to make recommendations, implementation actions, objectives, and follow-up responsibilities clear enough to be managed. A VM proposal or implementation action should not be vague, general, or open-ended. It must state exactly what is to be done, how success will be measured, whether the action can realistically be achieved, how it supports the study objective or project need, and when it must be completed.

“Specific” requires a clear action or target. “Measurable” means the result can be checked through cost, performance, schedule, quality, or other defined criteria. “Attainable” confirms that the action is practical within available resources and constraints. “Relevant” ensures alignment with the value study objectives, functions, and stakeholder requirements. “Timebound” creates accountability through a completion date or defined time frame.

The incorrect options replace key SMART terms with weaker or incorrect words such as Standards , Accountable , or Reasonable . These may be useful concepts in management, but they do not form the standard SMART acronym used in VM action planning.

References/topics: Implementation Phase; VM Action Planning; Proposal Follow-Up; Performance Objectives; VM Programs.

The correct answers are A and B . During the Evaluation Phase , the VM facilitator’s role is to preserve structure, discipline, and decision quality while the team screens creative ideas for value-improvement potential. SAVE’s Value Methodology Standard defines the Evaluation Phase as a structured evaluation process used to select ideas that can improve value while still delivering required functions and respecting performance requirements and resource limits. ( )

Therefore, the facilitator must recognize when discussion becomes off-topic and redirect the group toward the agreed evaluation criteria, study objectives, required functions, and constraints. This prevents the phase from becoming another brainstorming session or an unstructured debate. The facilitator must also establish a clear context for the session , meaning the team understands what is being evaluated, against which criteria, and for what decision purpose.

Option C is incorrect because evaluation may include clarification, combination, or refinement of ideas; useful modifications should not be automatically blocked. Option D is also incorrect because VM allows tailored application of methods, and the facilitator should select techniques appropriate to the study rather than force one universal technique. ( )

References/topics: Evaluation Phase; VM Facilitation; Idea Screening; Evaluation Criteria; Team Focus and Direction.

The correct answer is D. Annualized costs . In VM cost analysis, when a study item has a known unit cost and a known annual production quantity , multiplying the two gives the cost impact over one year. That makes the result an annualized cost , because the calculation converts a per-unit value into a yearly cost basis.

This distinction is important in manufacturing or repetitive-process VM studies. A component may appear inexpensive on a unit basis, but if it is used thousands or millions of times per year, its annualized cost may become a major value-improvement target. SAVE’s VM Glossary defines cost as the monetary valuation of resources consumed in the production or delivery of a project, product, or process, and it also recognizes annualized cost as a cost expression used in life-cycle cost measurement. ( )

Option A, total costs , is too broad because it may include many cost categories and periods. Option B, life-cycle costs , covers acquisition, operation, maintenance, replacement, and disposal over time. Option C, incremental unit costs , concerns the cost of an additional unit, not annual volume impact.

References/topics: Information Phase; Cost Data; Cost Modeling; Annualized Costs; Manufacturing Study Items.

The correct answers are A and B . A VM program can fail when it is placed too narrowly inside one department because Value Methodology must operate as an organization-wide management process, not as the property of a single functional group. When VM is positioned inside one department, other departments may view it as that department’s agenda rather than as a neutral, cross-functional decision-support process. This weakens participation, reduces ownership of recommendations, and limits executive visibility.

An undefined implementation and change management process is also a major failure factor. VM studies produce recommendations, but the program succeeds only when those recommendations are reviewed, approved, assigned, tracked, and integrated into normal project or business controls. Without a defined implementation path, even technically strong VM proposals can remain unused. Change management is necessary because VM recommendations often alter scope, design, delivery approach, cost allocation, or stakeholder expectations.

By contrast, management support and tracking VM study results are success factors, not failure factors. Executive support gives authority and resources, while tracking verifies savings, value improvement, and accountability.

References/topics: VM Programs; Program Organization; Management Support; Implementation Process; Change Management; Tracking VM Results.

The correct answers are A and B because both are facilitator responsibilities performed during the Pre-Workshop / Preparation Phase . The SAVE study guide defines this stage as the point where the team must “Plan and organize the Value Study” and asks the fundamental question: “What has to be done to prepare for a Value Study?” Its listed activities include obtaining project data, collecting key documents such as scope definitions, drawings, specifications, reports, estimates, gathering customer/user information, distributing information to team members, developing the study schedule, and determining dates, times, location, and logistical needs. ( cdn..com )

Therefore, compiling information for use in the Information Phase is a proper facilitator task. Likewise, developing a high-level agenda or schedule and reviewing it with the client for concurrence is consistent with the preparation requirement to establish scope, objectives, timing, logistics, roles, responsibilities, and management expectations before the workshop begins.

Option C is incorrect because Implementation occurs after the workshop when accepted alternatives are reviewed, action plans are assigned, and changes are tracked. ( cdn..com ) Option D is incorrect because identifying project functions is principally a Function Analysis Phase team activity, not a facilitator pre-workshop decision. ( cdn..com )

References/topics: Preparation Phase; Pre-Workshop Activities; Information Phase Readiness; VM Facilitation and Team Dynamics.

The correct answers are A, D, and E . A RACI matrix is a facilitation and stakeholder-management tool used to clarify how individuals or stakeholder groups participate in activities, tasks, deliverables, or decisions. In VM practice, this supports the facilitator’s responsibility to coordinate participation, communication, and accountability across the multidisciplinary study environment. The SAVE Study Guide emphasizes that VM is performed through a systematic process by a multidisciplinary team and that proper stakeholder participation is necessary to capture real needs versus wants and achieve maximum value. ( )

A RACI matrix identifies the level of stakeholder involvement in activities by assigning roles such as Responsible, Accountable, Consulted, and Informed. It also identifies stakeholders required to provide feedback, which aligns with the Consulted role. Cornell’s RACI definition describes Consulted parties as people whose opinions are sought and who provide knowledge or information before a decision is made. It also describes Informed parties as stakeholders kept updated on progress, process execution, and quality. ( it.cornell.edu ) Therefore, the matrix also helps identify what reasonable information should be provided to stakeholders. Threats and opportunities belong to risk or SWOT analysis, while weighted performance attributes belong to criteria weighting or evaluation methods.

References/topics: VM Facilitation; Stakeholder Engagement; Communication Planning; Team Roles and Responsibilities; RACI Matrix.

A conditionally accepted VM proposal is not fully approved yet. It means the decision makers see value in the proposal, but acceptance depends on certain changes, clarifications, added data, or further review. Therefore, the facilitator should first identify the modifications required for acceptance . This creates a clear action path and prevents the proposal from being wrongly recorded as fully approved.

The facilitator should also ask decision makers for the timing of the final decision . In VM reporting and implementation follow-up, unresolved proposals must have ownership, required actions, and a decision schedule. Without a timing commitment, conditionally accepted proposals can remain open and lose implementation momentum.

Option B is incorrect because a conditionally accepted proposal is not the same as an accepted proposal. Listing it as accepted would misrepresent the decision status. Option D is weaker because the facilitator should not merely list deficiencies; the correct VM approach is to convert concerns into specific required modifications and next steps.

References/topics: Presentation Phase; Decision Documentation; Proposal Disposition; Implementation Planning; VM Facilitator Responsibilities.

The correct answers are A and C . Once the decision-makers have approved a VM proposal, the facilitator should not automatically reopen or reassess the recommendation. The implementation responsibility has moved into the post-study/implementation environment, where the primary objective is to “assure the implementation of the approved value study change recommendations.” The SAVE VM Standard also states that the VM Team Leader may track the progress of implementation , while the design professional or assigned management personnel are responsible for executing the approved change. ( UW Courses )

Therefore, if the project manager resists an approved change, the facilitator should first treat the resistance as an implementation barrier. This requires identifying potential threats to implementation , such as technical objections, schedule concerns, stakeholder resistance, contractual constraints, or organizational politics. The Standard also requires implementation planning to account for risk, uncertainty, schedule impact, and unique project conditions. ( UW Courses )

Documenting the resistance to decision-makers is also appropriate because implementation status must remain visible to management. Reassessing the VM proposal is not appropriate unless new facts invalidate the approved recommendation. Additional information may be useful later, but the immediate facilitator actions are documentation and threat identification.

References/topics: Implementation Phase; Post-Study; Implementation Monitoring; Management Reporting; Implementation Risk.

The correct matching follows the logic of the SAVE Value Methodology Job Plan. The Information Phase establishes factual understanding of the study subject, so its controlling question is “What is it?” The SAVE VM Standard describes this phase as reviewing current project conditions and identifying study goals. The Function Analysis Phase asks “What does it do?” because the team defines the project’s functions in active verb/measurable noun form and analyzes which functions require improvement, elimination, or creation. The Creativity Phase asks “What else will do it?” because the team identifies alternative ways to perform the required functions. The Evaluation Phase asks “Will it work?” because ideas are screened against value potential, performance requirements, and resource limits. The Development Phase asks “What are the details?” because selected ideas are expanded into documented alternatives or proposals. Finally, the Presentation Phase aligns with “What if?” because decision makers must understand the implications, adequacy, risks, and value improvement opportunity before approving implementation. SAVE identifies these six phases as sequential and states that each phase provides the information needed for successful execution of the next phase.

References/topics: Value Methodology and Job Plan; Information Phase; Function Analysis Phase; Creativity Phase; Evaluation Phase; Development Phase; Presentation Phase.

The correct answers are A. Proposals that provide the greatest benefit and B. The relative risk of each proposal . During the Presentation Phase, the VM team must communicate recommendations that are strong enough to justify management action. SAVE’s VM guidance states that developed alternatives should include cost, performance data, implementation cost, and consideration of risk and uncertainty . It also identifies performance benefit analysis as part of developing alternatives before presentation. ( UW Courses )

When time is limited, the facilitator should guide the team toward proposals with the highest value contribution, not simply the easiest or cheapest ideas. A proposal with the greatest benefit is most aligned with VM’s purpose: improving value by achieving required functions more effectively. Risk is also essential because decision makers must understand whether the recommendation is practical, credible, and acceptable for implementation.

Option C may be attractive, but ease of implementation alone does not prove high value. Option D is incorrect because low cost impact may produce limited value improvement and may not justify presentation priority. The Presentation Phase seeks concurrence and commitment from decision makers to proceed with implementation of recommendations. ( UW Courses )

References/topics: Presentation Phase; Development Phase; VM Proposal Selection; Risk and Uncertainty; Performance Benefit Analysis.

The most appropriate description of the Information Phase is to gather, organize, review, and transform data collected . In the Value Methodology Job Plan, the Information Phase begins the formal Value Study and is used to complete the data package that was initiated during the Pre-Study/Preparation work. The SAVE Value Methodology Standard identifies the Information Phase under the Value Study and lists its immediate output as completing the data package and modifying the scope when needed. ( UW Courses )

This phase is not merely administrative scheduling or management approval. Its purpose is to ensure the team has a clear factual basis before moving into Function Analysis. The project sponsor or designer may brief the team, the team asks questions based on prior data research, site visits may be completed, improvement targets such as value, cost, performance, and schedule are agreed, and the scope is reviewed based on new information. ( UW Courses )

Option A and B are mainly Pre-Study/Preparation activities. Option D is partially related, but too narrow because the Information Phase supports the entire study, not only Function Analysis.

References/topics: Information Phase; Value Methodology Job Plan; Data Package; Scope Review; Study Targets.

The correct answer is B. $12,000 . This question asks only for the repair and replacement costs of Car B , not the full life-cycle cost. Therefore, the initial purchase price of $50,000 and the fuel cost data are irrelevant for this specific calculation. The only repair/replacement item listed for Car B is tires every two years at $2,000 .

The service life is 12 years . Since tires are replaced every 2 years , the number of replacement cycles is:

12 years ÷ 2 years = 6 replacement cycles

The total repair and replacement cost is therefore:

6 × $2,000 = $12,000

Option A. $6,000 would represent only three tire replacements, which does not cover the full 12-year service life. Option C. $10,000 would represent five replacements; that approach would exclude the final two-year replacement interval, but this question’s wording asks for costs for the service life , so the full 12-year period is counted. Option D. $4,000 covers only two replacement cycles and is clearly incomplete.

In the Evaluation Phase, the CVS candidate must separate initial cost , annual operating cost , and periodic repair/replacement cost before performing life-cycle calculations. This question isolates the periodic replacement-cost component only.

References/topics: Evaluation Phase; Life-Cycle Cost; Repair and Replacement Costs; Recurrent Cost; Cost Classification.

The correct answers are A and B . During the Development Phase , the VM team is converting selected ideas into value alternatives, so any new information that affects assumptions, cost, risk, performance, stakeholder impact, or feasibility must be evaluated before the proposal is finalized. SAVE’s Study Guide explains that each Job Plan phase provides information needed for the next phase and that, as the team gains additional knowledge, a previous phase may be revisited. ( ) Therefore, the facilitator should first assess the information with the VM team to determine whether it changes the rationale, calculations, risk profile, or viability of any proposal.

The facilitator should also discuss the information with the study subject program manager because the information may affect scope, owner requirements, baseline assumptions, implementation constraints, or management expectations. In the Development Phase, value alternatives must be clearly written with supporting assumptions, calculations, vendor information, cost comparisons, and other information needed to convey the alternative. ( )

Option C is premature because new information does not automatically require a new proposal. Option D is incorrect because disregarding relevant information undermines proposal credibility and informed decision-making.

References/topics: Development Phase; Value Alternative Development; Facilitator Responsibilities; Proposal Validation; VM Team Coordination.

The correct answer is A. Guide disposition . During the Implementation Phase, the VM facilitator’s role is not to make the final decision, sell the recommendations, or personally perform management’s implementation duties. The facilitator guides the structured process so that each value alternative is reviewed, assigned a disposition, and moved toward an appropriate decision. SAVE guidance states that, after delivery of the preliminary report, management and the project team should consider and agree on which value alternatives will be implemented and determine how and when implementation will occur. It also identifies a common implementation activity as conducting an implementation meeting to determine the disposition of each value alternative . ( )

Option B is incorrect because assessment and approval of VM proposals belong primarily to management and responsible project stakeholders. Option C is not the facilitator’s primary role; implementation planning is established and managed by those responsible for executing accepted changes. Option D is incorrect because VM facilitation requires objectivity. The facilitator supports informed decision-making, not advocacy or salesmanship. The facilitator keeps the process disciplined, ensures proposals receive fair consideration, and helps document acceptance, rejection, action responsibility, and follow-up.

References/topics: Implementation Phase; VM Facilitator Role; Disposition of Value Alternatives; Post-Workshop Activities; Implementation Meeting.

The correct answer is A . Initial cost is the acquisition, construction, production, or installation expenditure incurred at the start of the alternative’s life. SAVE’s dictionary defines initial cost as the initial expenditure of resources to develop, acquire, produce, or construct a project, product, or process, and notes that it is interchangeable with capital cost.

Here, the calculation is direct:

1,000 square meters × $30 per square meter = $30,000.

The maintenance costs, shampooing cost, service life, and vinyl data are not needed for this specific question because it asks only for the initial cost of carpet , not the life-cycle cost. Options B, C, and D incorrectly include additional amounts or appear to mix operating/maintenance costs with initial cost. In CVS-style questions, the trap is often to include irrelevant life-cycle data. A disciplined evaluator first identifies the cost category being requested: initial cost, recurrent annual cost, single expenditure, salvage value, present worth, annualized cost, or total life-cycle cost.

References/topics: Evaluation Phase; Initial Cost; Life-Cycle Cost Analysis.

The correct answers are A and B . In Function Analysis and FAST diagramming, a higher-order function is positioned to the left of the basic function and answers the question “Why is this function performed?” It represents the broader purpose or need that is satisfied when the basic function is successfully achieved. Therefore, option A is correct because the higher-order function expresses the customer, user, or project need served by the basic function.

Option B is also correct because the higher-order function can be understood as the output or result produced by accomplishing the basic function. In FAST logic, the basic function performs a required action, and the higher-order function explains the reason or outcome of that action. It is not normally the detailed mechanism for achieving the basic function.

Option C is incorrect because the basic function , not the higher-order function, is fundamental to the subject scope. The higher-order function often lies just outside or above the study scope as the reason the basic function is needed. Option D is incorrect because inputs or enabling actions are usually associated with lower-order or “how” functions, not higher-order “why” functions.

References/topics: Function Analysis Phase; FAST Diagramming; Higher-Order Function; Basic Function; How/Why Logic.

The correct answer is B. Maintain position . In FAST diagramming, the horizontal logic path normally answers How and Why . The vertical “When” direction is used for supporting or secondary functions that occur in relation to a function on the critical function logic path. SAVE’s VM Glossary defines a FAST diagram as a graphical representation of dependent function relationships and specifically identifies the labeled How, Why, and When arrows as FAST components. It also explains that vertical lines connect secondary functions to required secondary functions through their “When” relationships . ( )

For prescription eyeglasses, Modify vision is the core/basic function because the lenses correct or adjust the user’s vision. Facilitate sight is a higher-order purpose explaining why the basic function exists. Maintain position is a supporting function because the frame, bridge, temples, and nose pads keep the lenses properly located in front of the eyes while the eyeglasses modify vision. This function happens concurrently with the basic function, making it appropriate in the When direction. Fold eyeglasses is only a convenience/storage function, not the functional support required during vision correction.

References/topics: Function Analysis Phase; FAST Diagramming; When Relationship; Secondary Function; Prescription Eyeglasses Function Model.

The correct indicators are poor results , reluctance to participate in a value study , and lack of management support . These are behavioral and organizational symptoms showing that the Value Methodology is not being understood, accepted, or applied correctly. VM depends on a disciplined Job Plan, qualified facilitation, multidisciplinary participation, and informed decision-making. SAVE describes VM as a systematic process applied by a multidisciplinary team to improve value through function analysis, and SAVE also emphasizes education, training, and certification as part of competent VM practice. ( Value Engineering )

Poor results suggest that participants may be using VM tools mechanically without understanding function analysis, value improvement, or the Job Plan logic. Reluctance to participate usually reflects misunderstanding, fear of criticism, or lack of awareness of the benefits of VM. Lack of management support is especially critical because VM programs require sponsorship, resources, implementation authority, and decision-maker commitment. Lack of technical expertise is not primarily a VM training indicator; it is a team composition issue. Lack of funding is a resource constraint, not direct evidence that VM education is needed.

References/topics: VM Programs; VM Training; Management Support; Program Implementation; Team Participation; Value Study Effectiveness.

The correct answers are B and D . A risk register is used to document, organize, and evaluate risks so that the VM team can understand how uncertainty may affect proposed alternatives. The two essential risk-register elements shown in the choices are probability of occurrence and impact on the scope . Probability identifies how likely the risk is to happen. Impact identifies what the consequence will be if the risk occurs, including possible effects on scope, cost, schedule, quality, performance, implementation, or stakeholder acceptance.

In the VM Job Plan, risk thinking becomes especially important when ideas move from creativity into evaluation and development. At that point, alternatives are no longer just possibilities; they must be tested for feasibility, consequences, and implementation exposure. A risk with high probability and high impact demands more attention than one with low probability and minor impact.

Option A, performance criteria , is related to evaluation criteria, not a core risk-register field. Option C, function of the risk , is not a standard risk-register element. Functions belong to Function Analysis and are normally expressed in verb-noun format, while risks are documented as uncertain events or conditions.

References/topics: Evaluation Phase; Development Phase; Risk Register; Risk Probability; Risk Impact; VM Proposal Screening.

The correct answers are A, D, and E . A “conditionally accepted” VM proposal is not rejected, but it is also not fully approved for immediate implementation. It requires follow-up before final acceptance. Therefore, the Implementation Meeting documentation must clearly record what action is required , who is responsible , and when the final decision will be made .

This aligns directly with SAVE’s VM Job Plan logic. The Development Phase requires the team to prepare implementation requirements, including initial cost, life-cycle cost, implementation cost, risk, uncertainty, and schedule impact. It also requires an implementation plan containing the proposed schedule, team assignments, and management requirements. ( UW Courses ) The Presentation Phase then seeks concurrence and commitment from management, and the written report confirms the implementation plan accepted by management. ( UW Courses ) During Post-Study, assignments are made to complete tasks associated with the approved implementation plan. ( UW Courses )

Grammar changes are editorial, not implementation-control information. VM team disagreements may be noted internally if relevant, but they are not the typical required record for conditional acceptance.

References/topics: Implementation Phase; Presentation Phase; Post-Study Activities; Implementation Plan; VM Proposal Follow-Up.

The correct answers are A. Encourage participation by those affected by the change and D. Appoint an oversight committee . In the Implementation Phase, the approved VM proposal must be converted from an accepted recommendation into an actual organizational action. When the proposal requires organizational change, technical approval alone is not enough; successful implementation depends heavily on acceptance, ownership, coordination, and follow-through.

Encouraging participation by those affected by the change is essential because employees, managers, operators, and process owners who must live with the change often understand the practical barriers, workflow impacts, training needs, and resistance points. Their involvement improves buy-in and reduces implementation failure.

Appointing an oversight committee is also appropriate because organizational change normally crosses departments, responsibilities, and authority levels. Oversight provides governance, monitors progress, resolves conflicts, confirms accountability, and ensures the approved VM proposal remains aligned with the intended value improvement.

Option B is less suitable because an implementation plan should be clear and controlled, but not so rigid that it prevents adjustment during organizational transition. Option C is not required; a consultant may help in special cases, but it is not a primary VM implementation requirement.

References/topics: Implementation Phase; Change Adoption; Stakeholder Participation; Implementation Governance; VM Proposal Follow-Through.

The correct “How” direction follows the classical FAST logic path from the broader purpose toward the dependent means of accomplishment. SAVE defines FAST as a graphical representation of dependent relationships between functions and states that a Classical FAST model displays function interrelationships using how-why logic . In this eyeglasses example, Improve vision is the higher-order purpose: it explains why the basic function exists. The basic function is Correct vision , because prescription eyeglasses exist primarily to correct the user’s vision. Moving in the “How” direction, the system corrects vision by Position lenses and Secure lenses ; the frame, bridge, arms, and nose pads exist to keep corrective lenses in the proper relationship to the eyes. The farthest “How”/lower-order decision is Select eyeglasses and Select contact lenses , representing the selected means or alternative correction approach.

The distractors are not on the critical function logic path. Secure position and Resist damage are supporting or secondary dependability functions. Complement appearance is a sell/aesthetic function, because it improves user acceptance but does not define the primary functional logic. SAVE’s glossary distinguishes higher-order, lower-order, and secondary functions and explains that secondary functions support the basic function through a specific design approach.

References/topics: Function Analysis Phase; FAST Diagramming; How-Why Logic; Critical Function Logic Path; Basic, Higher-Order, Lower-Order, and Secondary Functions.

The correct answer is A. Intuitive Creativity Method . In the CVS® Value Methodology framework, the Creativity Phase is designed to generate a large quantity of ideas for performing the functions selected during Function Analysis. The SAVE VM Standard describes the Creative Phase as an effort to develop many ideas for “performing each function selected for study,” with judgment suspended and free idea flow encouraged.

The intuitive creativity method is based on considering the overall problem and allowing ideas to emerge freely through association, imagination, and non-linear thinking. The VM Guide states that intuitive creativity methods are based on the “overall problem” and that brainstorming by function is a prime example. This matches the question exactly.

Option C, Discursive Creativity Method , is incorrect because it follows a deliberate, structured, step-by-step procedure by breaking the problem into sub-problems. Option D, Empirical Creativity Method , is more experimental or data-driven. Option B is not the standard classification used here.

References/topics: Creativity Phase; Creativity Techniques; Intuitive Creativity Methods; Brainstorming by Function; Creating by Function

The correct answer is D. Random Function Identification . In the Function Analysis Phase, the team first identifies and defines functions of the product, project, process, or service being studied. The function statement is normally written in the classic VM format: active verb + measurable noun . SAVE-related VM guidance describes this first step as identifying and defining functions using active verbs and measurable nouns, often referred to as Random Function Definition . ( UC Homepages )

This is why Random Function Identification is the best answer. It is the direct technique used to generate the initial list of functions before the team classifies, organizes, models, or evaluates those functions.

FAST is important, but it is not primarily the first technique for identifying individual functions. FAST is mainly used after functions are listed, to show logical How/Why relationships between functions and to build a function model. SAVE material describes FAST as a technique that illustrates relationships among functions. ( cdn..com )

Mind Mapping and Random Words are creativity tools, not the standard VM function-identification method.

References/topics: Function Analysis Phase; Random Function Definition; Function Identification; Verb-Noun Function Format; FAST Diagramming.

The correct answer is C. Position lenses . In FAST diagramming, functions are expressed in a disciplined active verb / measurable noun format, and the purpose of the diagram is to show how project, product, or process functions logically relate to each other. The SAVE certification study material identifies FAST as a graphical mapping tool that helps team members understand how functions relate, while preserving the basic function and analyzing supporting functions. ( )

An “all-the-time” function is a supporting or simultaneous function that must occur continuously while the product performs its basic function. FAST construction tests this by asking: when this function is being performed, what other function must also occur? This “when” relationship identifies functions that occur together, not necessarily functions timed by a clock.

For prescription eyeglasses, the lenses must be held in the correct optical position relative to the wearer’s eyes at all times. Therefore, Position lenses is the best all-the-time function. Improve focus and Access vision describe higher-order or basic-path purposes, while Display information is not a normal function of prescription eyeglasses.

References/topics: Function Analysis Phase; FAST Diagramming; All-the-Time Functions; Basic and Secondary Functions; Function Logic.

The correct answer is C. Coarse, medium, and fine filters . In the VM Job Plan, the Evaluation Phase converts the large number of ideas generated during the Creativity Phase into a smaller, rationally selected group of ideas suitable for Development. SAVE’s Value Methodology Standard states that the Evaluation Phase uses a structured evaluation process to select ideas with potential for value improvement while still delivering required functions and respecting performance requirements and resource limits. ( )

The SAVE International Core Competencies directly classify Evaluation Phase techniques as coarse filter, medium filter, and fine filter methods. These appear under “Apply Evaluation Techniques,” with coarse filters representing simple screening, medium filters supporting intermediate comparison, and fine filters supporting more detailed evaluation before ideas move into development. ( )

Option A, weighted evaluation, can be part of a detailed or fine-filter evaluation, but it is not the complete filtering approach named in the CVS/VM Guide framework. Options B and D are more closely associated with idea generation or creative stimulation, not the primary structured filtering process of the Evaluation Phase.

References/topics: Evaluation Phase; Apply Evaluation Techniques; Coarse Filter; Medium Filter; Fine Filter; Idea Selection.

The correct answer is A because the specialists described in the question are not casual reviewers or occasional outside advisers; they are VM team members whose specialized knowledge is required for the study. The CVS logic is that essential team members should remain engaged through the full Job Plan so that information, function thinking, creativity, evaluation, development, and presentation remain connected. The SAVE Study Guide identifies technical champions as team members selected for technical expertise and states that value team members are expected to “participate in all meetings,” gather and analyze information, identify functions, contribute ideas, and evaluate ideas using their experience and expertise. ( )

Options B, C, and D incorrectly isolate specialist participation to one phase. That weakens team continuity and can cause poor assumptions, missed functions, unrealistic ideas, or weak evaluation. The facilitator may manage time efficiently through preparation, agenda control, and disciplined facilitation, but should not remove required specialists from the VM Job Plan phases. The Study Guide also emphasizes keeping team members together whenever possible to maintain continuity. ( )

References/topics: VM Facilitation; Team Dynamics; Technical Champions; Value Team Member Responsibilities; Job Plan Discipline.

The correct answer is B because the Information Phase is the point in the VM Job Plan where the study team establishes a shared factual understanding of the project before moving into function analysis or idea generation. SAVE’s Value Methodology Standard describes the Information Phase as the phase in which the team reviews and defines current project conditions and identifies the goals of the study . ( wsdot.wa.gov ) This means the team examines available drawings, costs, constraints, owner requirements, user needs, scope, assumptions, performance expectations, schedule conditions, and other baseline project information.

Option A is incorrect because determining alternative solutions belongs primarily to the Creativity Phase , where ideas are generated after functions are understood. Option C is not the main objective; an information workbook or data package may support the phase, but it is a tool or deliverable rather than the fundamental purpose. Option D is also incorrect because selecting or adding VM team members is normally addressed during Preparation / Pre-Workshop planning , not during the Information Phase.

The Information Phase creates the factual platform for all later phases. Without a clear understanding of project information, function analysis, creativity, evaluation, and development cannot be performed reliably.

References/topics: Information Phase; VM Job Plan; Project Data Review; Current Conditions; Study Objectives.

The correct answer is D. To prioritize functions . The Function Analysis Phase includes several important activities: identifying functions, defining them in active verb/measurable noun form, classifying them as basic or secondary, organizing their relationships, and relating cost or worth where required. However, these activities are not the final purpose by themselves. Their purpose is to determine which functions deserve the team’s focused attention for value improvement.

SAVE’s Value Methodology guidance explains that during Function Analysis, the team defines project functions and reviews them to determine which need improvement, elimination, or creation to meet study goals. ( WSDOT ) The Study Guide also states that functions performed inefficiently or at more than expected cost become the focus of the VM team’s improvement effort. ( ) This means the ultimate output is a prioritized understanding of where value improvement opportunities exist.

Option A may occur in advanced function-cost analysis, but it is not the ultimate objective. Options B and C are necessary intermediate steps, but they support the larger goal of prioritizing functions for creativity, evaluation, and development.

References/topics: Function Analysis Phase; Function Definition; Function Classification; Function Organization; Function Prioritization; Value Improvement Opportunities.

The correct answers are A, C, and D . In FAST diagramming, scope lines define the boundary of the subject being studied. They separate what is included in the VM study from functions that explain the larger reason for the study or the initiating input outside the study boundary. SAVE’s VM glossary explains that a FAST diagram includes scope lines and classified functions such as basic, higher-order, and lower-order functions. It also defines subject scope as the portion of the project, product, or process selected for the value study. ( )

Option A is correct because scope lines represent the limits of the VM study subject. Option C is correct because the basic function is placed immediately to the right of the left scope line; it represents the essential purpose of the subject within the study. Option D is correct because the higher-order function is placed to the left of the left scope line and explains the broader need or goal for which the basic function exists. SAVE defines the higher-order function as outside the scope of the subject under study. ( )

Option B is not selected because the key convention is boundary placement, not “solid line” style. Option E is incorrect because the lower-order function is outside the right scope boundary, not immediately left of it.

References/topics: Function Analysis Phase; FAST Diagram; Scope Lines; Basic Function; Higher-Order Function; Lower-Order Function.

The correct answers are A and B . Function Analysis is used to give the VM team a clearer and often new understanding of the project by describing the project in terms of what it must do , rather than what it currently is . The SAVE International Study Guide identifies Function Analysis as the foundation of Value Methodology and states that functions are identified to describe the work being performed within the study scope. It also explains that functions are expressed through active verb and measurable noun pairings, which supports clear thinking and a shared understanding of functional requirements. ( )

Function Analysis is also used to identify improvements . After defining and naming project functions, the team reviews them to determine which functions may be inefficient, over-costly, or suitable for improvement. The Study Guide further explains that this process allows the team to identify where value improvement opportunities exist in the project. ( ) Creating a collaborative environment is more broadly related to facilitation and team dynamics, not the primary purpose of function analysis. Assisting only individuals with a technical background is incorrect because VM is multidisciplinary.

References/topics: Function Analysis Phase; Function Definition; Functional Requirements; Value Improvement Opportunities; FAST/Function Modeling.

The correct answer is B. Open discussions with the group . In VM facilitation, silence from a subgroup is a participation barrier that must be addressed constructively, not punished or ignored. The facilitator’s responsibility is to maintain a productive team environment, encourage balanced participation, and protect the integrity of the Job Plan. SAVE-related VM guidance emphasizes that the team leader must have both Value Methodology training and team facilitation capability, including strong leadership and communication skills. ( UW Courses )

A silent subgroup may indicate disagreement, confusion, resistance, lack of psychological safety, or hidden technical concerns. Opening discussion allows the facilitator to surface the cause without embarrassing the participants. This may be done through neutral questions, direct invitation, small-group check-ins, or reframing the issue so the subgroup can contribute safely.

Option A is inappropriate because asking them to leave damages trust and reduces multidisciplinary input. Option C is incorrect because ignoring disengagement allows dysfunction to grow. Option D may help later, but engaging others first does not address the disengaged subgroup directly. The facilitator should first open communication with the silent group and reintegrate them into the VM process.

References/topics: VM Facilitation; Team Dynamics; Communication Skills; Participation Management; VM Study Team Leadership.